双轴弯曲载荷下表面裂纹应力强度因子的数值计算

本文通过FRANC3D软件计算双轴弯曲载荷下表面裂纹前缘的应力强度因子,数值计算和理论计算结果基本吻合;通过等裂纹面积不同纵横比的表面裂纹前缘应力强度因子的分析可知:当表面裂纹为浅裂纹时,等裂纹面积下a/c=1/3时椭圆表面裂纹最为危险;当表面裂纹为深裂纹时,等裂纹面积下a/c=2时椭圆表面裂纹最为危险。     

区域分裂法用于抽油杆表面椭圆裂纹应力强度因子的三维有限元计算

本文用三维有限元方法求解抽油杆表面椭圆裂纹在拉伸载荷下的应力强度因子。采用区域分裂算法，由裂端２７节点奇异单元位移场可精确、连续地给出应力强度因子沿裂纹的变化．算例与数值计算吻合得很好，表明本文结果有较高的精度。     

圆钢管混凝土T型焊接节点应力强度因子计算方法研究

主管内填充混凝土的圆管桁架是一种新型结构,鉴于断裂力学评估这种结构疲劳性能的需要,该文探讨了圆钢管混凝土T型焊接节点在支管轴拉力作用下的应力强度因子计算方法.首先,根据节点的热点应力分布和疲劳裂纹试验结果,提出了节点断裂力学分析的半椭圆表面裂纹模型.其次,推导了主管、支管及混凝土等部分的参数变换公式,并通过ANSYS软...     

受压弯作用构件半椭圆表面裂纹的疲劳扩展分析

本文给出了半椭圆表面裂纹疲劳扩展的一种有限元仿真分析方法,并对潜艇锥柱结合壳焊趾处压弯联合交变载荷作用下的裂纹扩展进行了计算分析。该方法利用有限元分析计算裂纹前沿应力强度因子,采用Paris公式预测裂纹扩展速率及扩展量,对有限元网格随着裂纹的扩展进行自动重构,从而模拟分析裂纹的疲劳扩展过程。考察了两种初始尺寸半椭圆表面裂纹的情况,计算了裂纹尺寸、应力强度因子随裂纹扩展的变化历程。仿真计算结果表明,初始裂纹尺寸对于疲劳扩展的影响主要体现在初、中期的扩展上,对后期的扩展速率、裂纹形态影响不大;当考虑了焊接区应力集中效应后,扩展的速度提高,总的疲劳扩展寿命下降。本文方法和程序可用于其他较复杂构件表面裂纹的扩展分析。     

含半椭圆表面裂纹圆柱壳体的三维热弹性动态断裂

研究了含轴向半椭圆表面裂纹的圆柱壳体在热应力与冲击载荷作用下的动态断裂情况,并应用所研制的三维动态断裂有限元程序进行了大规模的数值计算,确定了圆柱壳体的三维温度分布及热-力耦合下的动态应力强度因子,所得结果在一定程度上揭示了热-力作用下圆柱壳体的边界表面、裂纹面、物质惯性和弹性波的相互作用在结构动态断裂中的重要性。     

新的估算表面裂纹应力强度因子经验公式

该文给出了新的估算拉伸和纯弯曲载荷下表面裂纹应力强度因子的经验公式。根据疲劳裂纹扩展的数值模拟结果确定强度因子分布函数;利用按已知应力强度因子分布函数求裂纹形状及相应应力强度因子的方法计算给定尺寸的表面裂纹的应力强度因子;通过对数值结果的曲线回归得到估算表面裂纹应力强度因子经验公式。利用该公式对有限厚度和宽度平板内表面裂纹的应力强度因子进行了估算,并与已知的半椭圆形表面裂纹的应力强度因子解进行了比较。该文结果为估算表面裂纹应力强度因子提供了一种新的途径。     

金属薄壁圆管弯扭大变形行为研究

本文探讨金属薄壁圆管在弯扭组合作用下的大变形问题,利用实验方法、数值方法对管在弯扭组合作用下的大变形行为进行研究。实验分析中通过设计的装置使金属圆管承受变扭组合作用,测量变扭比分别为∝,２,４／３,１,０时的载荷奉琢对应位移值,并绘制载荷－位移曲线图：数值分析中针对实验使用的管梁结构通过应用程序ＡＮＳＹＳ进行求解,并绘制载荷－位移曲线图;最后将二种分析结果进行比较分析,得结论。     

拉—拉疲劳下15MnMoVN多裂纹扩展研究

为分析单裂纹或多裂纹在裂纹面承受疲劳拉伸载荷作用下尖端应力强度因子变化规律和裂纹形貌变化以及疲劳寿命情况,以含不同初始长深比的半椭圆单裂纹或双裂纹的薄片试样为研究对象,对试样在应力比R=0.1的疲劳拉伸载荷下单裂纹或双裂纹情况进行了仿真分析。建立含裂纹试样的有限元模型,仿真分析了裂纹在扩展过程中尖端应力强度因子的分布情况,并将单裂纹扩展结果与双裂纹相互作用影响下的结果进行了对比研究;进行含裂纹试样的疲劳实验,分析了含单裂纹或双裂纹的试样的断裂面的形成原因,并验证仿真结果正确性。结果表明,裂纹面之间的相互作用会逐渐影响裂纹的扩展方向、扩展速率以及在扩展过程中尖端应力强度因子的变化趋势;而且初始形貌为半椭圆形的双裂纹在相互作用影响下会逐渐过渡到半圆形。     

基于拉弯比的焊缝名义应力的提取

为了获得任意拉弯组合载荷下焊缝的名义应力,利用纯弯和纯拉压载荷下的应力集中系数,引入拉弯组合名义应力换算系数,将基于纯拉压名义应力的焊缝疲劳性能数据,转换为疲劳损伤一致的、基于拉弯组合名义应力的焊缝疲劳性能数据．为了消除有限元建模导致的计算误差,引入单元尺寸影响因子,将拉弯组合的计算应力转换为拉弯组合的名义应力．通过上面2个转换,引入拉弯组合计算名义应力换算系数,将有限元中的拉弯组合计算应力转换为基于拉压载荷疲劳试验的名义应力,从而在具体的焊缝结构疲劳强度评估时可以直接使用拉压载荷下的疲劳试验数据．计算结果表明：拉弯组合计算名义应力换算系数与拉弯比、拉弯应力集中因子比和有限元模型中拉弯单元尺寸影响因子有关．通过选择合适的单元尺寸,使得拉压单元尺寸影响因子等于拉弯应力集中因子比,且弯曲单元尺寸影响因子等于1,可使得拉弯组合计算名义应力换算系数恒等于拉压单元尺寸影响因子,而与拉弯比无关．     

压缩载荷下闭合裂纹的曲线分支裂纹模型研究

目前远场压应力作用下分支裂纹扩展过程中,其应力强度因子的计算模型中,经常将曲线分支裂纹简化为直线分支裂纹处理,忽略了分支裂纹扩展路径的曲线效应。基于这个考虑,在远场压应力作用下曲线分支裂纹扩展路径数学描述的基础上,建立了曲线分支裂纹模型,该模型可以考虑分支裂纹扩展过程中的曲线效应,进而计算出了曲线分支裂纹扩展过程中应力强度因子。基于ABQUS二次开发实现了对裂纹扩展过程的数值模拟,并将数值计算得出的应力强度因子与所建立的曲线分支裂纹模型解进行对比分析,验证了该模型的可行性,同时将曲线分支裂纹模型解与原有的直线分支裂纹模型解进行了对比,表明了建立曲线分支裂纹模型的必要性。     

Dual boundary element method and finite element method for mixed‐mode crack propagation simulations in a cracked hollow shaft

Three‐dimensional mixed‐mode crack propagation simulations were performed by means of the dual boundary element method code BEASY and 2 finite element method‐based crack propagation codes: ZENCRACK (ZC) and CRACKTRACER3D (CT3D). The stress intensity factors (SIFs) along the front of an initial semielliptical crack, initiated from the external surface of a shaft, were calculated for 4 different load cases: bending, press fit, shear, and torsion. The methods used for the SIF assessment along the crack front were the J‐integral for BEASY and ZC and the quarter point element stress method for CT3D. Subsequently, crack propagation simulations were performed, with the crack growth rate evaluated by using Paris' law, calibrated for the material at stake (American Society for Testing and Materials A469 steel). The kink angles were evaluated by using the minimum strain energy density and maximum tangential stress criteria for BEASY, the maximum energy release rate and maximum tangential stress for ZC, and the maximum principal asymptotic stress for CT3D. The results obtained in terms of SIFs and crack propagation life show very good agreement among the 3 codes. Also, the shape of the propagated crack, which is significantly out‐of‐plane for the shear and torsion loading, matched very well.     

Stress intensity factor estimation for unbalanced rotating cracked shafts by artificial neural networks

The knowledge of the stress intensity factor (SIF) values along a crack front is essential to calculate the crack growth rate and the remaining life of a mechanical component. In the case of a rotating shaft, usually it presents disalignments, which modify the SIF data with regard to a balanced one. This paper presents the use of an artificial neural network (ANN) for estimating the SIF at the crack front in an unbalanced shaft under rotating bending, previously, a quasi‐static numerical (finite element) model, which simulates a rotating shaft, has been developed to create the training cases for the ANN. The obtained results allow to study the influence of the unbalance of rotating shafts in the crack breathing mechanism and will allow to predict the influence of this behaviour on the values of the SIF and in the propagation of cracks.     

Uncracked body analysis for accurate estimates of mode I stress intensity factor for cracks normal to an interface

A bonded crack model method is presented for estimation of the stress intensity factor (SIF) for a 3D half-penny shaped crack originating at a bonded interface subjected to remote constant tensile and proportional bending loadings. Closed-form approximations are obtained for the SIF as a function of modulus ratio of bonded dissimilar materials. A combination of bonded crack model method and macro-level stress calculations in a structure without a crack (uncracked body analysis) significantly simplifies accurate estimation of SIF. The method was validated using 3D finite element computations. Since the proposed method requires no repetitive stress calculation as crack size changes, it is useful in life predictions.     

Non‐planar mixed‐mode growth of initially straight‐fronted surface cracks,in cylindrical bars under tension,torsion and bending,using the symmetric Galerkin boundary element method‐finite element method alternating method

In this paper, the stress intensity factor (SIF) variations along an arbitrarily developing crack front, the non‐planar fatigue‐crack growth patterns, and the fatigue life of a round bar with an initially straight‐fronted surface crack, are studied by employing the 3D symmetric Galerkin boundary element method‐finite element method (SGBEM‐FEM) alternating method. Different loading cases, involving tension, bending and torsion of the bar, with different initial crack depths and different stress ratios in fatigue, are considered. By using the SGBEM‐FEM alternating method, the SIF variations along the evolving crack front are computed; the fatigue growth rates and directions of the non‐planar growths of the crack surface are predicted; the evolving fatigue‐crack growth patterns are simulated, and thus, the fatigue life estimations of the cracked round bar are made. The accuracy and reliability of the SGBEM‐FEM alternating method are verified by comparing the presently computed results to the empirical solutions of SIFs, as well as experimental data of fatigue crack growth, available in the open literature. It is shown that the current approach gives very accurate solutions of SIFs and simulations of fatigue crack growth during the entire crack propagation, with very little computational burden and human–labour cost. The characteristics of fatigue growth patterns of initially simple‐shaped cracks in the cylindrical bar under different Modes I, III and mixed‐mode types of loads are also discussed in detail.     

Estimation of three‐dimensional stress intensity factor for structural ‘T’ details

Three‐dimensional (3D) opening mode stress intensity factors (SIFs) for structural steel‐welded ‘T’ details were investigated by the finite element method. A 3D shape‐dependent correction factor is proposed for semi‐elliptical surface cracks. The aspect ratio (a/c) of a semi‐elliptical crack plays a key role in the approximation of 3D‐SIF values, and in the present study, it was estimated for a 3D crack analysis. The estimated 3D‐SIF was determined through a correlation between the a/c ratio and the two‐dimensional SIF for semi‐elliptical cracks in the thickness direction adjacent to the web‐flange junction of a welded ‘T’. The resulting equation can be used to estimate the 3D‐SIF values from the two‐dimensional SIF without much ambiguity.     

钢管约束混凝土纯弯构件抗弯力学性能研究

采用有限元软件建模对钢管约束混凝土纯弯构件的荷载-变形关系进行了计算,计算结果分别得到了两个圆形及两个方形构件试验结果的验证。在此基础上,利用有限元方法对钢管约束混凝土纯弯构件受力过程中钢管及核心混凝土之间的相互作用以及构件的荷载-变形关系进行了分析,最后探讨了钢管约束混凝土纯弯构件抗弯承载力的实用计算方法。     

The improved D-M model solutions for single edge cracked plates by considering the yielding at the back side

The method of calculating the stress intensity factor (SIF) and the crack opening displacement (COD) for double edge cracks in plates under arbitrary loadings that results in solving a system of Cauchy-type singular integral equations is presented. The improved D-M model is then constructed for edge cracked plates by considering the yielding at the back side. For the cases of tension and bending, the plastic zone sizes and the crack opening displacements are calculated from the improved model solution, and the envelopes for the beginning of backside yielding and ligament yielding are obtained. The numerical results are compared with known solutions which take no account of the yielding at the back side and with experimental results.     

A computational strategy for damage‐tolerant design of hollow shafts under mixed‐mode loading condition

Three‐dimensional numerical analyses, using the finite element method (FEM), have been adopted to simulate fatigue crack propagation in a hollow cylindrical specimen, under pure axial or combined axial‐torsion loading conditions. Specimens, made of Al alloys B95AT and D16T, have been experimentally tested under pure axial load and combined in‐phase constant amplitude axial and torsional loadings. The stress intensity factors (SIFs) have been calculated, according to the J‐integral approach, along the front of a part through crack, initiated in correspondence of the outer surface of a hollow cylindrical specimen. The crack path is evaluated by using the maximum energy release rate (MERR) criterion, whereas the Paris law is used to calculate crack growth rates. A numerical and experimental comparison of the results is presented, showing a good agreement in terms of crack growth rates and paths.     

A notch stress intensity approach to assess the multiaxial fatigue strength of welded tube-to-flange joints subjected to combined loadings

Full penetration T butt weld joints between a tube and its flange are considered, subjected to pure bending, pure torsion and a combination of these loading modes. The model treats the weld toe like a sharp V‐notch, in which mode I and mode III stress distributions are combined to give an equivalent notch stress intensity factor (N‐SIF) and assess the high cycle fatigue strength of the welded joints. The N‐SIF‐based approach is then extended to low/medium cycle fatigue, considering fatigue curves for pure bending and pure torsion having the same slope or, alternatively, different slopes. The expression for the equivalent N‐SIF is justified on the basis of the variation of the deviatoric strain energy in a small volume of material surrounding the weld toe. The energy is averaged in a critical volume of radius R_C and given in closed form as a function of the mode I and mode III N‐SIFs. The value of R_C is explicitly referred to high cycle fatigue conditions, the material being modelled as isotropic and linear elastic. R_C is thought of as a material property, independent in principle of the nominal load ratio. To validate the proposal, several experimental data taken from the literature are re‐analysed. Such data were obtained by testing under pure bending, pure torsion and combined bending and torsion, welded joints made of fine‐grained Fe E 460 steel and of age‐hardened AlSi1MgMn aluminium alloy. Under high cycle fatigue conditions the critical radius R_C was found to be close to 0.40 mm for welded joints made of Fe E 460 steel and close to 0.10 mm for those made of AlSi1MgMn alloy. Under low/medium cycle fatigue, the expression for energy has been modified by using directly the experimental slopes of the pure bending and pure torsion fatigue curves.