DT-F 609加脂剂生物降解性研究

DT-F 609加脂剂作为基质,采用COD30法、呼吸曲线法、BOD5/CODCr,法对其生物降解性进行了研究.结果表明,当基质质量浓度为0～1000 ms/L时,随着基质质量浓度的增大,基质的生物降解性逐渐变好,当pH为7.2,污泥质量浓度为1000 mg/L,不外加NaCl,基质质量浓度为750 mg/L和1000 mg/L时,基质的最终生物降解率分别为95.2%和96.5%.pH、盐度、污泥浓度对基质的生物降解性均有明显影响.经试验筛选,基质生物降解的最佳pH为11,盐度为0.5%,污泥质量浓度为1500～2000 mg/L.     

Methods for Estimating Oxygen Demand of Liquid Peach Waste

SUMMARY— The amount of total solids (TS) in liquid peach waste has high correlations with biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), and determination of TS required less time, equipment, and technique than the other methods for estimating oxygen demand. In a small number of observations, removing large suspended particles from the waste by filtering or settling decreased COD, but the treatment effects on BOD were inconsistent. BOD changed with time at temperatures above freezing, but COD did not.     

酒精废水处理工艺中氧化沟污泥的微生物菌群分析

该实验分析了酒精废水处理过程的主要指标变化,并基于Illumina MiSeq测序方法研究了氧化沟活性污泥的微生物菌群,分析污泥中微生物种类、丰度和功能。 结果表明,在酒精废水处理过程中,pH的变化较小,总磷（TP）浓度不断减小,NH4+-N浓度呈先升高后降低的趋势,化学需氧量（COD）、生化需氧量（BOD）呈先快速减小后缓慢减小的趋势。 氧化沟活性污泥中生丝微菌属（Tetrasphaera）对废水中磷元素的去除起重要的作用;陶厄氏菌属（Thauera）对废水中氮元素的去除起重要的作用;球形杆菌属（Sphaerobacter）、陶厄氏菌属（Thauera）、沙雷氏菌属（Serratia）能够降解或转化结构复杂的有机物;热单胞菌属（Caldimonas）在污泥中丰度高,但其特性和功能尚不清晰,有待更加深入地研究。     

强化电化学处理造纸中段废水提高可生化性的研究

电化学方法处理难降解有机废水是一种很有前途的技术，对难于生物降解有毒污染物的去除非常有效，是目前水处理研究中一个较为活跃的领域。本文设计了一个利用电化学方法处理造纸中段废水的简易实验方案，通过多组数据控制参数由实验结果找出最佳运行参数，整理并分析实验数据，由实验结果得出电化学处理废水可以在很大程度上提高废水可生化性的结论。当电解时间为80min，电流为1．6A时，制浆造纸中段水的BOD，／COD达到最大值0．53，生化性最好。     

废纸脱墨废水活性污泥处理动力学研究

对废水活性污泥处理的动力学模型进行了剖析,并分别以CODCx和BOD5为底物,通过试验确定脱墨废水活性污泥处理的动力学系数。试验结果也显示：完全混合式活性污泥处理后,脱墨废水CODCx和BOD5的去除率分别为88．1％和93．4％。     

三种胡椒脱皮方式污水水质指标比较分析

以海南文昌胡椒鲜果为原料,对传统水沤法(A)、微生物酶法(B)和冷冻机械脱皮法(C)等三种不同的脱皮方法产生的污水中6个水质综合性指标(COD,BOD_5,pH,氨氮,TN和TP)进行了测定和比较,并对所得白胡椒品质进行对比分析。结果显示:三种脱皮方式所产污水水质指标差异很大,COD值为742.31±23.82～1.89×10~4±332.90 mg/L,BOD_5值为445.54±23.68～9.21×10~3±130.13mg/L,pH为5.03±0.05～7.44±0.06,氨氮值为59.88±4.56～164.47±8.85mg/L,TN为101.23±18.73～499.02±27.59mg/L,TP为17.78±0.44～41.92±2.95mg/L,均为劣V类水;污水的污染程度依次是A样污水B样污水C样污水;三种不同的脱皮方法污水BOD_5/COD均大于0.4,BOD_5/TN均大于4.00,BOD_5/TP均大于25,表明胡椒脱皮污水可生化性较好,脱皮污水反硝化作用中碳源含量充足,污水水质满足生物除磷需求。污水处理技术可考虑多种生化处理技术合理组合。微生物酶法脱皮所得白胡椒品质最优,而冷冻机械法脱皮时间最短。为实现胡椒提质增效和产业化发展,传统的水沤法脱皮必须加速淘汰,寻求机械脱皮法和微生物酶法相结合的新型加工方法。     

调节预酸化/接触氧化工艺处理啤酒废水的快速异步启动

啤酒废水的BOD5/COD≥0.5,是一种易于生物降解的工业废水。北方某啤酒厂采用调节预酸化+生物接触氧化组合工艺对啤酒废水进行处理。因泥源短缺,在启动阶段,该厂对接触氧化池采用异步驯化培养的方式。通过20d的调试运行,完成了调节预酸化池和接触氧化池的快速启动,系统对COD的去除率达到97%以上,出水水质指标达到中华人民共和国《啤酒工业污染物排放标准》(GB19821-2005)。     

Ultrafiltration and Reverse Osmosis of the Waste Water from Sweet Potato Starch Process

The primary waste water discharged from pilot plant scale sweet potato starch manufacturing was processed by ultrafiltration (UF). The UF permeate was then concentrated by reverse osmosis (RO). Growth of microorganisms in waste water would reduce the flux of UF. When the feed velocity of UF was higher than 2.5 m/sec, its positive effect on permeation rate was no longer existent. Relationships between transmembrane pressure and permeate flux were linear at all tested concentrations. UF filtered protein and calcium reduced two-thirds of the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and half the chemical oxygen demand (COD) at weight concentration ratio (WCR) of 5. With RO the rest of the components were recovered and BOD and COD were reduced more than 99% and 98%, respectively, at a WCR of 6.     

Multipopulation model of membrane-aerated biofilms

Biofilms cultivated on oxygen-filled gas-permeable membranes grow differently than conventional biofilms, as the chemical species required for growth diffuse from different sides of the biofilm. Oxygen is delivered directly to the base of the biofilm by the membrane, while organic substrates and other soluble nutrients are provided to the upper surface of the biofilm via the water in which the membranes are immersed. This counterdiffusion of nutrients results in a growth environment very different from that of conventional biofilms that receive both oxygen and other nutrients from the water. In recent years, membrane-supported biofilms have been shown to simultaneously remove chemical oxygen demand (COD) and inorganic nitrogen from wastewater in laboratory studies. Several investigators have developed computer models of these biofilms, but they have all focused on a single population of aerobic bacteria. While these models are useful in characterizing the behavior of these biofilms in pure cultures, they are not useful in modeling the behavior of the biofilms in mixed cultures such as those found in wastewater treatment. In this study, a multipopulation biofilm model was developed that includes aerobic heterotrophs, nitrifiers, denitrifiers, and acetoclastic methanogens. The model was constructed with Aquasim software and can predict the COD and inorganic nitrogen removal behavior observed previously in experimental studies. In this paper we present examples of predicted biofilm behavior and compare the results of this multiple-population model with the single-population models published previously. In addition, the behavior of the biofilm is discussed in terms of application to wastewater treatment.     

造纸废水中四种耗氧量的在线测定

对某新闻纸厂桉木CTMP浆过氧化氢漂白生产线、废纸脱墨浆二氧化硫脲（FAS）及过氧化氢漂白生产线，进行了漂白废水中COD、BOD、TOC、TOD的在线测定研究。结果表明：桉木CTMP浆过氧化氢漂白废水采用电化学法与生化法结合的手段进行达标处理；废纸脱墨浆二氧化硫脲（FAS）及过氧化氢漂白废水宜用生化法处理；当废水处理中BOD／TOD〉0．6、BOD／TOC〉1．0时，宜采用生化法处理；BOD／TOD〈0．2、BOD／TOC〈0．5时，应采用电化学法及生化法相结合的处理方法；对废水BOD／COD〈0．5值的范围判断废水可生化性是不可靠的。     

亚硫酸盐浆CEH漂白废水的特性及其光催化氧化处理

本文对蔗渣、竹子、芒杆混合亚硫酸盐浆ＣＥＨ 漂白废水的特性进行了较详细的分析研究。研究表明,该废水ＢＯＤ５／ＣＯＤ为０ ．１８３ ,Ｃｌ－ 含量高达１１５２ ．５ｍｇ／ｌ,不适合于传统的生物氧化法处理。废水中的大分子有机污染物是废水色度的主要来源,废水的色度和ｐＨ 值密切相关。采用ＵＶ／ＴｉＯ２ 光催化氧化工艺处理该废水的初步研究结果表明,在充分供氧的条件下,可使废水快速脱色,同时废水的ＣＯＤ指标大大下降。     

造纸废水的混凝-水解-接触氧化处理技术

研究了以混凝、厌氧酸化、生物接触氧化一体化反应器处理含氯漂折护望洋兴叹，水力停留时间为15h时，整个系统CODCr、BOD5、AOX、毒性值去除率分别达88.1%、81%、98.4%、92%。混凝单元主要去除大分子氯代有机物；厌氧单元通过还原脱氯及酸性水解，使氯代有机物得到了基本的去除；好氧单元对CODCr有较高的去除率。红外光谱的分析结果表明：废水中既有木素又有纤维素和半纤维素，虽然漂白废水厌氧处理技术不如好氧处理，但厌氧、好氧联合处理可有效地提高处理效果。     

Characterization of effluent from direct and indirect steaming of beech timber

Condensate samples were collected from industrial kilns with direct and indirect steaming systems. Their composition was analyzed to determine the concentration of organic components as well as COD and BOD parameters. The main classes of organic compounds of the condensate samples were saccharides, organic acids, aldehydes, and phenols. Due to the measured COD and BOD values a treatment prior to discharge was indicated. Both aerobic and anaerobic biological treatment tests exhibited high elimination rates of the organic components.     

Degradation and behavior of natural steroid hormones in cow manure waste during biological treatments and ozone oxidation

An efficient treatment process for screened cow manure waste, particularly for the degradation of natural steroid hormones, was developed. The first step in this process was a draw-and-fill process for thermophilic anaerobic digestion. After fourfold dilution with tap water, continuous feeding was performed for the aerobic treatment of the effluent from the anaerobic treatment. Batchwise ozone oxidation was then carried out for the degradation of the natural steroid hormones that remained in the effluent from the aerobic treatment. A yeast two-hybrid assay was performed to evaluate hormonal degradation. Significant reductions in the concentrations of total VFA, BOD(5), COD(Cr), TOC, TS, VSS, and natural steroid hormones were demonstrated in the effluent from the biological treatments. The removal ratios of such concentrations were 99.7%, 90%, 79%, 84%, 51%, 58%, and 99%, respectively. Although the concentrations of the remaining TOC and COD(Cr) remained constant, natural steroid hormones were completely removed by ozone oxidation.     

用UASB-SBR组合处理麦草爆破制浆废液

采用改良式UASB反应器与SBR反应器组合对爆破法制浆废液进行了处理,研究结果发现,在厌氧处理段,当水力停留时间为1d时,容积负荷为5.3gCODCr/(L·d),CODCr的去除率可以达到75%,BOD5去除率达95%,平均甲烷产率为247.4ml/gCODCr。组合处理后,废液中BOD5总去除率达98%以上,达到新排放标准,CODCr总去除率为85.3%。     

制浆黑液超临界水氧化过程的动力学研究

采用幂函数模型推导制浆黑液超临界水氧化的反应动力学方程,并利用间歇式超临界水氧化反应器进行制浆黑液超临界水氧化反应实验。通过实验发现,温度和停留时间是影响COD去除率的主要因素,在温度380～540℃,压力25～31MPa,停留时间60～150s,过氧量150%～300%的条件下,制浆黑液的COD去除率为95.0%～99.3%。对实验数据分析得到,超临界水氧化法去除高浓度黑液COD的活化能为15.171kJ/mol,COD和O2的反应级数分别为1.62和0.22,反应速率常数为0.88968。     

酸析黑液厌氧生物处理效果研究

采用上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器对酸析黑液进行处理,分析了酸析黑液的厌氧可生化性(BD),重点研究了不同COD容积负荷和硫酸盐容积负荷下,反应器对COD和硫酸盐的去除效果,系统p H值、氧化还原电位(ORP)和甲烷产率的变化,反应器内污泥胞外聚合物(EPS)中蛋白质和多糖含量的变化以及污泥表面Zeta电位的变化,并结合扫描电镜观察酸析黑液厌氧处理前后污泥的形态特征。结果表明,该酸析黑液的厌氧可生化性较好,BD为85.07%。反应器随着进水COD容积负荷的增加,COD去除率先上升后下降。随着进水硫酸盐容积负荷的增加,硫酸盐去除率逐渐增大。当CODCr容积负荷为2.00 kg/(m3·d)时,CODCr去除率最大值在49%;当硫酸盐容积负荷提高到12.91 kg/(m3·d)时,硫酸盐去除率上升至42%左右。系统p H值随着COD容积负荷的增加而降低,ORP随着COD容积负荷的增加而降低,最后稳定在-430 m V左右,产甲烷速率随着COD容积负荷的增加先升高后降低,最大值为0.225 L/d。进水COD容积负荷的提高使得EPS中蛋白质和多糖含量升高,污泥表面Zeta电位降低,颗粒污泥表层变得紧密厚实。     

APMP制浆废水处理过程控制系统的设计

针对APMP废水中COD、BOD含量高的特点,结合厌氧-好氧生化处理法,设计了基于S7-300 PLC的APMP制浆废水处理过程控制系统。     

全麦草浆中段水处理运行经验与体会

新亚纸业集团制浆造纸废水主要是碱法全化学漂白麦草浆中段废水和碱法半化学麦草浆中段废水的混合废水,SS含量高,BOD/COD比值低,不易生化处理,并且水质变化很大.针对这种情况,选择水解酸化氧化沟工艺,在同一条沟中交替完成厌氧、好氧的过程,可得到较高的COD去除率,运行效果良好,运行费用较低.为改善碱回收状况和提高碱回收率,同时介绍了提高蒸煮质量所采取的措施.     

Multi-scale individual-based model of microbial and bioconversion dynamics in aerobic granular sludge

Aerobic granular sludge is a novel compact biological wastewater treatment technology for integrated removal of COD (chemical oxygen demand), nitrogen, and phosphate charges. We present here a multiscale model of aerobic granular sludge sequencing batch reactors (GSBR) describing the complex dynamics of populations and nutrient removal. The macro scale describes bulk concentrations and effluent composition in six solutes (oxygen, acetate, ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, and phosphate). A finer scale, the scale of one granule (1.1 mm of diameter), describes the two-dimensional spatial arrangement of four bacterial groups--heterotrophs, ammonium oxidizers, nitrite oxidizers, and phosphate accumulating organisms (PAO)--using individual based modeling (IbM) with species-specific kinetic models. The model for PAO includes three internal storage compounds: polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), poly phosphate, and glycogen. Simulations of long-term reactor operation show how the microbial population and activity depends on the operating conditions. Short-term dynamics of solute bulk concentrations are also generated with results comparable to experimental data from lab scale reactors. Our results suggest that N-removal in GSBR occurs mostly via alternating nitrification/denitrification rather than simultaneous nitrification/denitrification, supporting an alternative strategy to improve N-removal in this promising wastewater treatment process.