井下压力温度测试技术在徐深5井的应用

针对深层欠平衡钻井存储式随钻井下压力温度测试工具和配套软件存在的问题，进行了改进与完善，解决了井下仪器的振动问题，延长了钻井过程中的有效工作时间，改进后的工具在徐深5井进行了应用，该井是大庆油田深层加快勘探的一口重要的欠平衡预探井。通过应用，实测出该井第三次开钻井段钻井过程中不同情况下的井底压力、温度。利用关井求压时的井底压力变化能够准确地计算出地层压力、井底负压值的大小，对比设计井底压力值，为科学指导下步钻井，精确控制井底负压值提供依据。利用井底压力的实测值与理论值之间的误差分析表明，由于岩屑的影响造成井底压力增加，导致井下出现过平衡，影响欠平衡钻井的效果。同时，还介绍了实测井底压力温度数据在环空岩屑携带的情况、实际钻头压降大小和井下流体温度变化等方面的应用。     

间歇采油井、提捞井测试及解释技术

连续监测3—4个间抽周期或提捞周期，然后关井测压力恢复，通过全历史拟合分析，能够得到流静压、表皮系数、井筒储存系数、渗透率，流动系数等地层动态参数，油藏模型及边界状况等信息。为指导产能优化。及时采取增产措施提供依据。[第一段]     

抽油井二流量测试技术的应用研究

以不稳定试井理论为基础,运用二流量试井分析方法,结合在抽油井范围内的现场试验与应用情况,分析了运用二流量试井技术求取抽油机吉地层压力资料的可行性和可行性,并对二流量试井技术的应用范围作了初步探讨,通过37井次的二流量测试现场试验资料与压力计实测资料对比,证明二流量测试技术是可行的。     

气井不关井压力恢复测试技术的应用

改变一次气井产气量(由大变小)可连续测试不关井压力恢复变化。通过现场15井次测试和试井分析表明，气井不关井压力恢复测试技术可以取得与关井压力恢复等效的测试结果，能缩短测试时间、减少产气量损失、提高生产时率，为气田生产提供决策资料。     

分注井层段压力测试技术与应用

油藏由于地层渗透率的不同，注入水在纵向不能均匀注入油层。开发中在注水井上采取了分层注水，仅根据压力资料不易确定整个系统的平均渗透率、井壁阻力系数和油藏压力。为此，从测试工艺和解释方法上研究形成了一种新型的分注井层段压力测试技术。分注井层段压力测试技术是利用油田分层注水的分层管柱，研究开发了适应偏心注水管柱直接测试分层压力的小型存储压力计及相应的配套测试仪器和工具。研究出一次试井过程中，应用同时测得多层不稳定压力资料来确定各注水层段地层参数的方法。通过5口井11层次的现场试验研究，一次测试成功率85%，平均测试成功率90%，测试结果可信度90%以上。证明了其工艺的可行性，为油田分注井测取层段压力提供了一项行之有效的工艺测试方法，为分注井搞好注水结构调整提供了可靠依据。     

二流量（不关井）测试技术应用研究

传统的测压多是关井压力恢复方法,由于关井压力恢复影响油田的产量,而且恢复时间长,测试费用也很高。为此提出了以不稳定试井理论为基础,分析了运用二流量测试技术求取地层压力资料的可行性和可靠性,并对二流量测试技术的应用范围作了初步探讨。通过xx井的二流量测试现场试验资料对比分析．证明二流量测试技术是经济适用的。     

分注井测试技术研究及其应用

利用油田分层注水的分层管柱,研究开发了适应偏心注水管柱直接测试分层压力的小 型存储压力计及相应的配套测试仪器和工具,测试结果可信度90％以上。     

抽油井二流量测试技术的应用研究

以不稳定试井理论为基础 ,运用二流量试井分析方法 ,结合在抽油井范围内的现场试验与应用情况 ,分析了运用二流量试井技术求取抽油机井地层压力资料的可行性和可靠性 ,并对二流量试井技术的应用范围作了初步探讨。通过 37井次的二流量测试现场试验资料与压力计实测资料对比 ,证明二流量测试技术是可行的。     

抽油井永置式井下压力测试技术

抽油井永置式测试仪既能测试泵口压力和温度,又能分析出抽油井地层压力和地层参数,分析的各项参数符合中原油田地质特征.该技术可以实时监测抽油井的泵吸入口的压力变化,分析油井的工况和地层供液能力的变化,及时掌握油井动态生产情况,对注采开发单元的效果作出定性、定量分析,为选择合理的工作制度,制定合理的注采方案,选择正确调参时机提供了依据.抽油井永置式测试工艺技术的研究与应用较好地解决了抽油机测压难的技术难题,开辟了抽油机井测压新途径.     

井下压力控制系统的研究与应用

针对目前油田分层注水调层技术机械工艺复杂、可靠性低,很难完全实现1趟管柱调层分层注水的问题,研究了一种井下压力控制系统。在井上将压力编码传输到井下,井下压力控制系统将注水压力信号转换成电平信号,并对其实时放大、采集、分析处理后与预定义的压力编码命令进行匹配,可以控制任意油层阀门的动作。现场试验表明,该控制系统操作简单,可靠性高,实用性强,适用范围广。     

Demulsifier systems applied to breakdown petroleum sludge

Three sets of demulsifier systems based on nonyl phenol ethoxylates (n = 9, 11, 13) were prepared. These demulsifiers have been employed to breakdown petroleum sludge obtained from the main drainage basin of Al-Hamra Oil Company. These systems were composed of 4% inorganic acid solution, 10% of aqueous phase solution composed of NP-9, NP-11 and NP-13 as surfactants and isopropyl or butyl alcohol as co-surfactants and the balance of the system is an oil phase (benzene/toluene, 1:1mixture). The breakdown of petroleum sludges was evaluated by TPH analysis, determination of the amount of aqueous phase and sediments separated from the sludge. Furthermore, the oil phase recovered from the sludge was mixed with fresh crude oil obtained from Al-Hamra Oil Company in 1:1 ratio and the API of the mixture was calculated. Effect of demulsifier system composition and its concentration in parts per million were also studied. It was found that the best demulsifier composition for complete breakdown of the sludge was the one based on NP-13.     

井下油水分离采油技术初探

井下油水分离采油技术是一项新型技术 ,它可以解决高含水油田开发过程中 ,油井采出量高、分离工作量大的问题 ,解决因注水带来的巨大投资和能量损耗 ,是一项很有前途的技术。胜利石油管理局采油工艺研究院研究的井下油水分离采油工艺技术 ,通过室内实验 ,初步摸清了油水分离的影响因素及效果 ;现场试验表明 ,整套技术在适当条件下具有明显降水、增油、降耗的作用。虽然技术上还有难点 ,但值得进一步研究和开发。     

作业井架极限承载能力研究

以QJ30-18型作业井架为例,应用大型有限元分析软件ANSYS分析了该井架的极限承载力。计算结果表明,只有采用几何和材料双重非线性的方法才能准确评估结构的极限承载力。     

表层结构调查中的地质雷达探测技术

常规表层结构调查方法多是解决一个点上的问题,只能利用间隔较大的多点测量对速度界面进行划分,不能准确确定表层的岩性界面和结构,对岩性的分析也存在多解性。地质雷达(GPR)探测是利用不同界面的电性差异识别岩性变化的特征,能快速、准确地查明表层结构和确定岩性,从而提供合理的野外地震采集参数。目前,该项技术正在我国东部地区推广应用。     

集群计算技术及其在石油工业中的应用

高性能计算不断增长的需求和计算技术的持续发展,促进了计算机集群技术的发展和应用。计算机集群系统具有系统建设、维护和升级成本低,可扩展性好,易维护,易升级,计算性能强以及通用和跨平台的并行计算软件开发环境（PVM和MPI等）等优点。本文概述了计算机集群技术的概念、技术基础、并行软件开发环境和Beowulf集群;论述了石油工业对高性参计算的需求;介绍了集群技术在石油勘探中的应用现状;指出了集群技术将大大降低石油勘探开发成本,促进新技术的应用和推广;给出了集群系统的若干性能测试结果。     

混合励磁井下涡轮发电机设计及试验研究

针对现有井下发电机功率小、耐高温性能差的问题,设计了一种混合励磁井下涡轮发电机。给出了该发电机的设计方案和计算步骤,分析了高温环境对涡轮发电机的影响及采取的措施,并对其导轮及涡轮型式对发电量的影响做了分析。通过试验研究了高温、高压、钻井泵排量与涡轮发电机性能的关系。结果表明,高压对发电机输出功率无影响,效率随温度的升高而明显下降,在实验室条件下,发电机功率能够满足系统供电要求。     

Study on the downhole permanent low frequency pulsating water injection technique

Waterflood technique with pressure fluctuation, especially with low, ultra low frequency, changes the continuous water flow into the flow with pressure fluctuation, and can prevent contamination precipitation, formation plugging and Jamin effect. It also can prevent the plugging of water injection well, decrease the pressure of waterflood and increase the rate of water injection. On the basis of the existing eccentric injection mandrel, used the energy storage character of air energy accumulator and the pressure switch character of pressure control valve, fixed the plunger valve for pressure control on the position of blanking plug, then developed one new injection mandrel with low frequency character, which can inject water continuously with low, ultra low frequency. Water fluctuation produced during the water injection affect the formation directly and is useful to break down, prevent plugging and augment injection.     

G-LOG技术在西藏伦坡拉罗马敌库构造的应用

伦坡拉盆地位于海拔4600m以上的藏北高原，为小型陆相沉积盆地。罗马敌库构造位于盆地爬错凹陷北斜坡，处于扇三角洲前缘带，砂体发育。运用G－LOG技术于高原三维地震资料处理中，其目的是搞清砂体横向变化规律，进行探索性的储层横向预测与油气识别，为该区的油气勘探提供科学依据。处理中，充分利用测井资料做好合成地震记录和井旁单道反演，为空间低频速度模型体的建立提供质量保证，使处理结果较为客观、可信。为避免G－LOG剖面在解释工作中的多解性和盲目性，在加强对测井资料分析的基础上，利用G－LOG的相对速度剖面对实际资料进行储层预测和油气识别，取得了良好的地质效果。     

外流式电磁流量计磁场分布的仿真研究

文章介绍了用于注聚剖面测井的外流式电磁流量计磁场解析式的推导和磁场仿真研究结果.在长筒电磁流量计的假设下,从磁偶极子的磁场理论出发,创新性地推导出外流式电磁流量计的磁场解析式.在磁场解析式的基础上,利用MATLAB的数值分析方法对外流式电磁流量计和油管所构成的环形空间中磁场的分布情况进行仿真研究.研究结果表明,在环形空问中磁场呈规律性的对称分布,四个磁极附近磁场强度的值相对较大,其它位置磁场强度的值相对较弱.     

Influence of soil moisture on the results of surface geochemical survey applied to petroleum exploration

The quality of results obtained from surface geochemical exploration depends not only on the character of deep petroleum accumulations but also on the influence of many sub-surface factors. One of important factors is the presence of soil moisture in the sampling interval. This research presents the influence of soil moisture on concentrations of gaseous hydrocarbons in sampled soil gases. The comparative analysis was made on for two populations of gaseous hydrocarbon (methane, ethane, propane, i-butane, n-butane, propylene, 1-butene) concentrations measured in soil gas samples collected from the water-saturated (“wet” sampling interval) and water-free (“dry” sampling interval) environments. The comparison was based upon chromatographic analyses of 2974 samples of soil gas, in which 684 samples originated from “wet” sampling intervals and 2290 samples were taken from “dry” interval. Samples were collected in the areas of known gas deposits located in the Fore-sudetic Monocline (SW Poland). Samples collected from the “wet” intervals reveal higher concentrations of almost all analyzed hydrocarbons in comparison with samples from “dry” intervals. Highest differences were observed for methane concentrations and lowest — for total alkanes C₂–C₄. The increase of concentrations in “wet” sampling intervals can be explained by sub-surface accumulation of hydrocarbons caused by decreasing permeability of water-saturated soils, by the different solubilities of alkanes and alkenes in water as well as by recent generation of methane and alkenes. Considering the results obtained from the area of the Tarchaly gas deposit, it was found that surface pattern of methane anomalies does not reflect the presence of deep gas accumulations, as well as the total alkanes C₂–C₄ distribution. Hence, the procedure was proposed of elimination of soil moisture influence on the pattern of surface methane anomalies. The procedure includes normalization of measured methane concentrations to the reference levels of geochemical background, which characterize “wet” and “dry” sampling intervals. As a result, the distribution of anomalous methane concentrations was obtained, which, along with the distribution of total alkanes C₂–C₄, confirms the presence of assessed accumulation of gaseous hydrocarbons. Therefore, the proposed method is correct and supports the application of methane indicator as a petroleum exploration tool.