磁场作用对苯胺聚合行为及产物性能的影响

在不同强度磁场作用下,采用苯胺／乳化剂／助乳化剂／水四元微乳液体系,经化学氧化制备聚苯胺。研究磁场对苯胺聚合反应速度、聚苯胺相对分子质量及其电导率的影响,并利用红外光谱对聚苯胺的分子结构进行表征。研究结果表明,磁场作用能够加快反应速度,提高聚苯胺的相对分子质量和电导率,对聚苯胺基本单元结构没有影响;在所研究的磁感应强度范围内,0．4T的磁场对苯胺聚合反应影响最为显著,能使聚合反应时间由4h缩短到1h,特性黏度由53．4mL／g提高到72．6mL／g,电导率提高近1倍。     

Effect of magnetic field on property and structure of polyaniline doped with multiple sulfonic acids

Polyaniline（PAn） doped with multiple sulfonic acid system of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid（DBSA） and sulfosalicylic acid（SSA） was synthesized by emulsion polymerization using ammonium persulfate（APS） as an oxidizing agent in the presence and the absence of a constant magnetic field（MF）of 0.8 T. The structure and properties of the PAn were characterized by X-ray diffractometer（XRD）, thermogravimetric apparatus（TGA）, FT-IR spectroscope（FT-IR） and four probe digital multimeter. The results indicate that, when the molar ratio of DBSA to SSA is 1/3, that of dopant to An is 3/2, that of APS to An is 4/5 in the synthesizing media, and the doping time is 3 h, the conductivity of the PAn synthesized in the presence of the MF of 0.8 T reaches 5.88 S/cm, which is higher than that of the PAn synthesized in the absence of the MF. The thermal stability, the crystallinity and the doping degree of the PAn synthesized in the presence of the MF are also improved. MF not only enhances the conductivity, but also reduces the doping time, the dosage of the dopant and the oxidizing agent when the conductivity reaches the maximum.     

导电聚苯胺的微乳液聚合

采用微乳液聚合方法合成导电聚苯胺（ＰＡｎ）。通过对配方和工艺条件进行筛选,在温度为１５℃、苯胺０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ、（ＮＨ４）２Ｓ２Ｏ８０．１２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ、ＳＡ有机酸０．２６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的条件下,合成了电导率达９．１Ｓ／ｃｍ的聚苯胺。与传统乳液聚俣相比,微乳液聚合法可大大缩短聚合时间（３ｈ,所得产物的电导率和产率优于采用传统乳液聚合法合成的聚苯胺。并用红外光谱对其结构进行了研究。     

Synthesis and Thermoelectric Properties of Polyaniline

1　IntroductionConductingpolymerspossessseveralattractivefea turesforusesasthermoelectricmaterialscomparabletotheinorganicsemiconductor .Theyarecheap ,light weight,andflexible ,especiallyforpolyanilinewhichisairstableandeasytobesynthesized .However ,manyofresearchesonconductingpolymerssofarhavebeencarriedoutaim ingtoobtainahigherelectricalconductivity ,whichisnotthebeststateforthermoelectricapplication .Thereareonlyfewstudiesthathavereportedconductingpolymersusedasthermoelectricmaterials[1,2 ]…     

Electrochemical synthesis of polyaniline in reverse microemulsion

The electro-polymerization behavior of aniline in reverse（W/O） microemulsion was investigated. The experiment results show that the cyclic voltammetry polymerization behavior of aniline in W/O microemulsion is different from that in aqueous solution remarkably. With the increase of scan cycle, the oxidation potential shifts positively and the reduction potential shifts negatively, i.e., the redox potential difference increases. H＋ apparent concentration affects the aniline polymerization evidently. When H＋ concentration is lower than 0.08 mol/L, the electro-polymerization of aniline is difficult. With the increase of H＋ concentration, the polymerization current of aniline increases gradually. Only when H＋ concentration is high enough（0.5 mol/L）, aniline can be well electro-polymerized. Moreover, under the same condition, the aniline polymerization current in W/O microemulsion is higher than that in aqueous solution. The scanning electron microscopy image shows that the deposited polyaniline（PANI） has uniform fiber morphology with diameter of about 100 nm. Further study result suggests that the electrochemical activity of the PANI in HCl is similar to that of the PANI prepared in aqueous solution.     

聚苯胺/金纳米复合材料的合成与表征

采用过硫酸钠为氧化剂制备聚苯胺/金纳米复合材料,通过紫外-可见光谱、X-射线衍射及透射电子显微镜对形成的复合材料进行表征.结果发现,聚苯胺形成了纳米线结构,并且在表面均匀地分布了大量的金纳米粒子,但是形成的复合材料结晶度不高.     

导电聚苯胺/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯复合膜的合成及特征

采用原位氧化聚合法合成了聚苯胺(PAn)／聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)复合材料．通过溶液浇铸的方法制成了性能优良的可溶性导电自支撑膜，电导率达10^-2S／cm；考察了各种反应条件对复合膜电导率的影响，获得了最佳的聚合反应条件，并进行了环境稳定性测试，其循环伏安曲线表明聚苯胺具有稳定的电化学活性，元素分析结果表明复合的聚苯胺存在一饱和值，超过饱和值，提高聚苯胺的含量对电导率影响不大，并对复合膜进行了红外光谱测试．     

磁场环境下聚苯胺的合成与性能研究

在不同磁场强度下,用苯胺单体(An)和氧化剂过硫酸铵(APS),掺杂剂磺基水杨酸(SSA),乳化剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)合成了导电聚苯胺(PAn)。研究了氧化剂和掺杂剂用量对PAn掺杂率和电导率性能的影响;并采用红外光谱、X射线衍射、粒径分析、腐蚀电位曲线表征了PAn结构与性能的关系。结果表明:磁场对苯胺聚合的影响是正向的,磁场能减少掺杂剂的用量、提高产物的电导率;在乳化剂n(SDBS)/n(An)=0.45,氧化剂n(APS)/n(An)=0.8,掺杂剂SSA 0.3 mol.L-1时,合成的PAn电导率最大;在磁场环境中合成的PAn导电性、粒径、防腐性、规整性等各方面与无磁场作用的产品相比均具有明显的优势。     

磁悬浮旋翼驱动磁场对支承磁场的影响

通过理论分析以及有限元仿真分析,研究磁悬浮旋翼盘式电机的驱动磁场、磁悬浮系统的支承磁场以及二者之间的相互影响,得到影响的主要因素L₀。提出当关键临界尺寸L₀=11.87 mm时,驱动磁场对支承磁场的影响处于临界状态使其不失稳。通过等效试验对临界尺寸进行了试验验证。根据临界尺寸L₀提出磁悬浮旋翼的设计准则,和一套可行的磁悬浮旋翼设计方案。     

磁悬浮旋翼驱动磁场对支承磁场的影响

通过理论分析以及有限元仿真分析，研究磁悬浮旋翼盘式电机的驱动磁场、磁悬浮系统的支承磁场以及二者之间的相互影响，得到影响的主要因素L₀。提出当关键临界尺寸L₀=11.87 mm时，驱动磁场对支承磁场的影响处于临界状态使其不失稳。通过等效试验对临界尺寸进行了试验验证。根据临界尺寸L₀提出磁悬浮旋翼的设计准则，和一套可行的磁悬浮旋翼设计方案。     

聚苯胺/磺化神府煤复合导电材料的合成与表征

用磺化煤作聚苯胺的掺杂剂，通过原位氧化聚合法制备磺化煤／聚苯胺复合导电材料，研究了磺化煤的量、苯胺单体浓度等反应条件对复合导电材料的影响，得出最佳反应条件，并用红外光谱分析了磺化煤对聚苯胺的掺杂作用。     

聚苯胺纳米纤维的界面聚合法合成及电化学电容行为

利用盐酸和四氯化碳的水／油两相界面，通过界面聚合法合成具有良好纳米纤维结构的聚苯胺，用这种聚苯胺纳米纤维为活性物质制备电极，以1mol／LH2SO4水溶液为电解液组装超级电容器，通过恒电流充放电、循环伏安、交流阻抗等技术研究其电化学电容行为。研究结果表明，合成的聚苯胺的直径为50～100nm，长度为500nm至几微米不等，且纤维之间相互交织缠绕，形成网状形貌；聚苯胺纳米纤维电极材料的功率特性与循环性能优于用传统化学氧化法合成的颗粒状聚苯胺材料的性能，在5mA放电电流下，其比电容可达317F／g，20mA放电电流下比电容仍维持300F／g左右，500次循环容量衰减在4％以内。     

Hemoglobin-biocatalyzed synthesis of conducting molecular complex of polyaniline and lignosulfonate

A new biocatalyst route for the synthesis of a conducting polyaniline （PANI）/ lignosulfonate （LGS） complex was presented.Four different catalysts such as hemoglobin （Hb）,5,10,15,20-tetrakis （meso-hydroxyphenyl） porphyrin,iron （II） tetrasulfophthalocyanine and ferric chloride were used to polymerize aniline in the presence of a natural polyelectrolytes template LGS.The experimental results show that Hb is an effective catalyst in this case and the synthesis is simple,and the conditions are mild in that the polymerization may be carried out in lower pH （1.0-4.0） buffered solution and optimal pH of 2.0.Varying concentrations of aniline,LGS and H2O2 in feed the favorable conditions for the production of PANI were determined.UV-vis absorption,FTIR,elemental analysis,conductivity,cyclic voltammetry and thermogravimetric analyses confirm the formation of thermally stable and electroactive PANI.     

电、磁场中热力学关系式的修正

对电、磁场中的一些热力学关系式进行了研究,结果表明,为保持传统的化学势形式和力平衡形式不变,内能和压力必须加以修正,用最小二乘法对乙醇－水和丙醇－水体系在电、磁场中的活度系数进行了回归,所得的计算值与实验值的比较,其平均相对误差小于1．0％。     

Synthesis and electrochemical properties of SnO2-polyaniline composite

The SnO2-polyaniline(SnO2-PAn) composite was prepared by microemulsion polymerization method using aniline, ammonium peroxodisulfate and SnO2 as starting materials. The SnO2-PAn composite was characterized by X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope and electrochemical techniques. The results show that PAn in the composites is amorphous. PAn formed in the reaction is deposited preferentially on the SnO2 particles, giving a SnO2-PAn composite, in which SnO2 is coated with PAn. SnO2-PAn composite shows a reversible capacity of 657.6 mA.h/g and the capacity loss per cycle is only 0.092% after 80 cycles, suggesting that SnO2-PAn composite is a promising anode material for lithium ion batteries.     

Iron（ Ⅱ ） tetrasulfophthalocyanine mimetic enzymatic synthesis of conducting polyaniline in micellar system

Iron(II) tetrasulfophthalocyanine (FeTSPc), as a novel mimetic enzyme of peroxidase, was used in the synthesis of a conducting polyaniline (PANI)/sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) complex in SDS aqueous micellar solutions. The effects of pH, concentrations of aniline, SDS and H₂O₂, and reaction time on polymerization of aniline were studied in this case as shown by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. The results show that a wide range of pH (0.5–4.0) is required to produce the conducting PANI, and the optimal pH is 1.0 in SDS micelle. The optimal concentrations of aniline, SDS and H₂O₂ in feed, and reaction time in this case for the production of conducting PANI are respectively 10 mmol/L, 10 mmol/L, 25 mmol/L, and 15 h. FT-IR spectrum, elemental analysis, conductivity, cyclic voltammetry and thermogravimetric analysis confirm the thermal stability and electroactive form of PANI.     

Synthesis and electrochemical properties of SnO2-polyaniline composite

The SnO2-polyaniline（SnO2-PAn） composite was prepared by microemulsion polymerization method using aniline, ammonium peroxodisulfate and SnO2 as starting materials. The SnO2-PAn composite was characterized by X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope and electrochemical techniques. The results show that PAn in the composites is amorphous. PAn formed in the reaction is deposited preferentially on the SnO2 particles, giving a SnO2-PAn composite, in which SnO2 is coated with PAn. SnO2-PAn composite shows a reversible capacity of 657.6 mA.h/g and the capacity loss per cycle is only 0.092% after 80 cycles, suggesting that SnO2-PAn composite is a promising anode material for lithium ion batteries.     

由舰船垂向分量磁场获得其三分量磁场的研究

三分量测磁仪使用不便,且造价较高,因此提出一种改进的磁场推算法.该法仅用舰船下方某平面上少量测量点的垂向磁场即可算出测量面下方所需场点的舰船三分量磁场.从理论上证明了该方法的可行性,建立了磁场推算的数学模型,在此基础上进行了船模实验.实验证明该算法可行,具有较高的推算精度,且算法直观,编程简单,计算速度快,可以方便地应用于工程实际,对舰船磁防护的研究具有重要价值.     

荧光素掺杂聚苯胺的溶液合成及荧光性质

在水溶液中以(NH4)2S2O8为氧化剂,荧光素为掺杂剂合成了聚苯胺(PAN)掺杂材料;分析了不同氧化剂用量下掺杂材料的红外光谱变化规律;荧光光谱表明掺杂材料的荧光峰是由荧光素结构引起的,并随着氧化剂用量增加荧光强度减弱.     

Effects of water phase concentration on the emulsion polymerization of polyaniline

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