西北某铀矿山铀矿石浸出性能室内试验研究

为了获得西北某铀矿山工业堆浸试验所需试验参数,对该铀矿矿石进行了搅拌浸出条件试验和-5 mm、-10 mm两种不同粒级的柱浸试验.试验结果表明：1）该铀矿石浸出性能较好,酸耗较低,适宜采用酸法浸出;2）氧化剂对酸法浸出的作用不明显,而对碱法浸出有一定的效果;3）铀矿石粒度对铀的浸出影响显著.     

应用表面活性剂进行低渗透砂岩铀矿床地浸采铀的实验研究

低渗透砂岩铀矿床的地浸开采是目前的一个技术难题.以新疆某铀矿为对象,利用搅拌浸出和柱浸实验研究了表面活性剂在低渗透铀矿地浸开采中的应用.实验中采用10 g/LH2SO4溶液作溶浸剂,并加入不同量的表面活性剂P.搅拌浸出实验结果表明,溶浸液中加入不同浓度的表面活性剂均可提高铀浸出率,在表面活性剂P的浓度为10 mg/L时其铀浸出率最高,达到92.6%.柱浸实验表明,加入10 mg/L表面活性剂P时矿石渗透系数可提高28.8%,铀的浸出率可提高32%而达到85.79%.表面活性剂降低溶浸液的表面张力,促进了铀的溶解和提高铀浸出率.低渗透砂岩铀矿床可以在溶浸液中加入适当的表面活性剂进行地浸开采.     

Fe/S比在氧化亚铁硫杆菌与氧化硫硫杆菌混合浸出复杂铀矿石过程中的强化效应（英文）

研究了嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌及氧化硫硫杆菌混合浸出复杂铀矿石过程中Fe/S比的影响。结果表明,当Fe/S为5:0.5,5:1,5:5时,铀浸出率较高,达90%;当Fe/S为5:0,5:10时,铀浸出率低于46%。此外,基于物种特异性基因gyrB的细菌群落分析表明,缺硫或过量硫都不利于氧化亚铁硫杆菌和氧化硫硫杆菌的协同生长,进而不利于铀的浸出,且硫氧化细菌在混合菌群协同浸铀过程中发挥着不可忽视的作用。SEM-EDS矿渣表征结果表明,适当的硫用量可以改变钝化物的结构,提高其孔隙率。分析了铀的溶解动力学和生化反应机理,结果表明,铁与硫耦合的生化反应对矿石颗粒中铀的溶解有多方面的化学效应,Fe/S比是调控铁硫氧化细菌菌混合浸铀的最关键因素之一。     

浸铀真菌的分离和纯化研究

为获得浸铀真菌纯种,应用Dox（-）培养基、沙堡培养基（SDA培养基）、PDA培养基、Dox（＋）培养基进行了铀矿石中真菌的分离,挑取孢子进行了纯化培养,共获得具有产酸能力的真菌4株,其中黑曲霉1株,青霉3株.试验结果表明,铀矿石中存在大量真菌,部分真菌具有产酸能力,并且这些产酸真菌生长速度较快,具有浸铀的潜力.     

某铀矿床碱法地浸溶浸液配方探讨

结合某铀矿床碱法地浸室内试验,进行了氧化剂的种类、质量分数和溶浸剂的种类、质量分数选择试验,研究了反应时间、矿石粒度对铀浸出率的影响。结果表明,碳酸(碳酸氢)钠盐或铵盐是良好的溶浸剂,铀浸出率可达到70%~80%;加入质量分数为0.1%的双氧水和质量分数为0.02%的高锰酸钾,铀浸出率明显提高,可满足铀浸出需求。     

镁质低品位铁镍硫化矿的活化工艺及机理

细菌浸出是镁质低品位铁镍硫化矿的潜在处理方案之一。针对该矿石浸出活性较低的问题,研究了硫酸预浸出和硫酸铵焙烧预浸出2种活化方案,并与细菌直接浸出(空白试验)做了比较。结果表明,2种活化方案都有利于金属回收,但硫酸铵焙烧预浸出方案的活化效果更优:浸出时间为8 d时,Ni、Cu和Mg的浸出率分别为90.2%、89.56%和61.19%,分别高于硫酸预浸出方案2.08%、12.2%和8.95%。矿石中的Mg主要在硫酸铵焙烧预浸出阶段进入溶液,细菌对Mg浸出的影响不大。XRD和能谱分析表明:浸出渣中Ni和Cu的残留量很低,Mg主要存在于难浸出的蛇纹石之中。     

低品位磷矿废石的细菌浸出试验研究

用硫杆菌氧化还原态硫产生硫酸来浸出磷矿,可望为低品位磷矿废石的综合利用及环境保护开辟新的途径,但是用硫杆菌浸出磷矿的浸出率较低。采用加入不同吐温类表面活性剂的方法,促进细菌与矿物的作用,用pH值的变化和浸出率来评价其效果,并对其种类和用量对嗜酸氧化硫硫杆菌的生长及浸磷效果的影响进行了分析。试验结果表明:在加入不同种类及用量的吐温类表面活性剂时,浸矿溶液中嗜酸氧化硫硫杆菌的浓度、溶液的pH、以及磷的浸出率三者具有十分一致的变化趋势。吐温类表面活性剂的分子结构及加入量为影响嗜酸氧化硫硫杆菌浸磷效果的重要因素,通过选择适当的吐温类表面活性剂并控制其用量,可促进嗜酸氧化硫硫杆菌的生长及产酸能力。吐温类表面活性剂可改善嗜酸氧化硫硫杆菌的浸磷作用,通过选择其种类并调节其用量,可获得较佳的浸磷效果。     

云南镇沅县载金黄铁矿的生物氧化——氰化浸金研究

本论文研究了在用常规氰化提金以前,用氧化亚铁硫杆菌在改进的qk~*介质中预处理载金难浸黄铁矿的可行性。试验结果表明:细菌氧化该矿,如果铁的氧化率达到67.02％,则氰化浸出生物氧化滤渣的金浸出率为86.86％,而直接氰化浸出的金浸出率仅为12.46％。     

赤泥中氧化铝和氧化铁的浸出

为回收赤泥中的铝和铁,解决赤泥污染和占地问题,研究了用盐酸溶出废赤泥中的氧化铝和氧化铁的工艺,考察了赤泥的焙烧、盐酸与赤泥的液固比、盐酸的浓度、酸浸时间、酸浸温度及酸浸方式对赤泥中氧化铝、氧化铁浸出率的影响.结果表明：赤泥不需要焙烧,盐酸与赤泥的液固比4∶1,盐酸的浓度为6mol/L,酸浸温度在109℃左右,酸浸时间为60 min,酸浸方式为二次浸出,氧化铝和氧化铁的浸出率分别为89.00%和98.39%.     

细菌氧化—炭浸法处理含砷难浸金矿

崇阳金矿因金呈细粒或微细粒包裹在硫化矿中,直接氰化金浸出率很低．细菌氧化预处理可有效脱除该金矿中的砷,使被包裹金暴露,从而提高后续氰化阶段的金浸出率．炭浸可基本消除该金矿中“劫金”物质对已溶金的吸附,最高金浸出率达９０％,因而细菌氧化炭浸法是处理这类金矿的一种有效途径．     

低品位氧化锌矿在NH_3-NH_4HCO_3-H_2O体系中的浸出动力学研究（英文）

对高钙低品位氧化锌矿在NH3-NH4HCO3-H2O体系中的浸出动力学进行了系统研究.研究结果表明,氧化锌矿浸出过程遵循＂未反应核缩减＂模型,即遵循动力学方程：1-（1-α）1/3=k.t.反应的表观活化能Ea=6.489 kJ/mol,浸出过程由外扩散过程控制.增强搅拌强度、提高总氨浓度及反应温度均可加快该矿石中锌的浸出速率,并在一定范围内提高锌的浸出速率.     

Kinetics of leaching refractory gold ores by ultrasonic-assisted electro-chlorination

The resources of refractory gold ores are abundant, and their effective treatment can bring good economic benefits. This paper in-vestigated the kinetics of leaching gold from refractory gold ores by ultrasonic-assisted electro-chlorination. The effects of ultrasound time ratio, initial hydrochloric acid concentration and leaching temperature on the kinetic parameters were discussed. It is found that the leaching ratio goes up with all the factors increasing. The reaction kinetics is controlled by diffusion. When ultrasound improves the diffusion by re-ducing the diffusion resistance, the activation energy increases to 37.1 kJ/mol.     

Pretreatment of copper-bearing refractory gold ores by bio-heap leaching

The refractory gold ores associated with rich copper and trapped in pyrite and quartz were studied. With conventional technique （all-sliming cyanidation）, the gold recovery rate is only 51.78%. To eliminate the negative effects of copper and pyrite on cyanidation and increase the gold recovery rate, the investigation on bio-heap leaching pretreatment was made, by which Cu would be dissolved and gold would be liberated from pyrite. The experiment adopted mixed bacteria, mainly ThiobaciUus ferrooxidan （named T.fl ）, as the bacterial catalyst for bio-preconditioning and was carried out in a PVC column with a diameter of 20 cm and a height of 1.3 m loaded with gold ores. The temperature was controlled between 28 and 30℃, the pH value was kept between 2.0-2.5, and the flux of sprinkling bacterial liquid was maintained 0.80 L/h. After 45-day＇s bio-oxidization, among the samples sizing from 0 to 5 mm, the oxidation rates of Cu, Fe and S were respectively 44.62%, 28.16% and 25.46%, and the gold recovery rate by cyaniding increased to 80.35%. The bio-heap leaching pretreatment can therefore effectively dissolve Cu and liberate gold from pyrite and lead to the increase of gold extraction.     

Activation pretreatment of limonitic laterite ores by alkali-roasting using NaOH

Activation pretreatment of Cr-containing limonitic laterite ores by NaOH roasting to remove Cr,Al,and Si,as well as its effect on Ni and Co extraction in the subsequent pressure acid leaching process w...     

Processing technologies for gold-telluride ores

Gold telluride ores are important gold refractory ores due to the presence of sulfides and other gangue materials.The classification and main physical properties of gold telluride ores were described,and possible treatment methods including flotation,leaching,and oxida-tion were reviewed.The results show that flotation procedures are much easier for gold tellurides compared to other refractory gold-bearing ores.For the conventional cyanide leaching process,pretreatment such as oxidation is required to achie...     

表面活性剂对磷钾伴生矿中钾浸出的影响

针对我国严重匮乏可溶性钾盐资源,而非可溶性钾资源却非常丰富,如磷钾伴生矿,因而探索从磷钾伴生矿中提取可溶性钾具有重要意义. 本文强化了磷钾伴生矿的酸浸过程,研究了在HCl-CaF₂体系下,表面活性剂对磷钾伴生矿中钾浸出的影响. 结果表明:阴离子表面活性剂可以强化钾的浸出,阳离子表面活性剂对钾的浸出未产生明显影响,非离子表面活性剂会抑制钾的浸出. 通过筛选得到较佳的表面活性剂为十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）,其添加量为1.25 g/L,与未添加SDS的相比,钾浸出率提高了约8.5%,达到了98.01%.     

钨矿枱浮硫化矿浸铋新工艺试验研究

本研究采用价廉易得的XO_1浸出剂、盐酸浸铋新工艺,经大余选冶厂和分宜钨矿选厂抬浮硫化矿的反复试验,证明浸出效果良好,经济效益显著,可在工业生产中试验推广。     

电镀污泥中铬的无害化处理及动力学分析

以某表面处理工业园电镀废水处理污泥为研究对象,以铬浸出率为指标,通过对重金属的浸出,分步回收达到无害化、资源化的目的.将污泥干燥、研磨,在不同浓度硫酸溶液中浸出,控制浸出时间、浸出温度和搅拌速率;浸出完成后抽滤使浸出液与残渣分离.采用正交试验法,确定对铬浸出效果影响因素的顺序为:硫酸浓度>搅拌速度>浸出时间>固液比.通过单因素优化试验,结果显示:当浸出温度为25 ℃、固液比为1∶15、浸出时间为20 min、搅拌速率为800 r/min、硫酸体积分数为30%时,铬的浸出率最高.最后用黄钠铁矾法除铁,用焦亚硫酸钠还原六价铬,用氢氧化钠分步沉淀铬、镍重金属,锌则继续留在溶液中.电镀污泥的浸铬实验的浸出动力学研究结果表明硫酸作为浸出剂的反应级数为1,反应的速率常数为:k=0.053 2e-4.52/RT.     

硼铁矿中硼镁铁的硫酸法共浸出研究

提出一种采用硫酸酸浸硼铁矿使其中的硼、镁和铁元素共同浸出的方法．硫酸酸浸硼铁矿时,主要是与矿物中的硼镁石[Mg（BO2）（OH）]、磁铁矿[Fe3O4]、蛇纹石[Mg3Si2O5（OH）4]反应．通过热力学分析,验证采用硫酸共溶硼铁矿中的硼、镁和铁元素的可行性,并考察硫酸浓度、液固比、酸浸时间和酸浸温度对酸浸的影响,确定硫酸酸浸硼铁矿的最佳工艺条件：硫酸的质量分数30％,液固比（质量比）8：1,浸出温度90℃,浸出时间120min,搅拌速度大约100r／min．在最佳浸出条件下,硼铁矿中的硼、镁和铁元素的浸出率分别达到99．0％,91．0％,92．9％以上,达到了硼铁矿中硼、镁和铁元素共浸出的目的．     

Leaching potential and changes in components of metals in two acidic ferrisols

Two acidic ferrisols, i.e., red soil （RS） and yellow red soil （YRS）, from the vicinity regions of non-ferrous ores in Hunan province of China, were leached with simulated acid rain through artificial column experiments. The results show that the total leaching mass of metals are m（Zn）〉m（Cu）〉m（Cd） from the original soils and m（Cd）〉m（Zn）〉〉 m（Cu） from the contaminated soils with external metals after leaching for 60 d continuously, leaching quantities of Cd and Zn from the contaminated red soil （CRS） are more than that from the contaminated yellow red soil （CYRS）, but for Cu, it is almost the same. The preferential fractions for leaching are mainly in exchangeable forms, and content of exchangeable forms decreases significantly in the contaminated soil profiles. The unstable fractions of Cd, Cu and Zn in the RS and YRS increase significantly with the decrease of pH value of simulated acid rain. Changes of fi, actions of external Cd, Cu, and Zn in the residual CRS and CYRS profiles are significantly affected by the acidity of acid rain, too. After leaching for 60 d continuously, Cd exists mostly in exchangeable form, Cu exists mainly in exchangeable, manganese oxide-occluded and organically bounding forms, and Zn exists in residual in CRS and CYRS profiles. Most of exchangeable Cd and Zn exist only small in surface layer （0-20 cm） and are transferred to the sub-layers, contrarily, Cu accumulates mostly in the topsoil （0-20 cm） with low translocation.