温度和氯盐对混凝土硫酸盐化学腐蚀的影响

为揭示混凝土在不同硫酸盐腐蚀环境下的损伤过程及腐蚀机理,进行了硫酸盐浸泡实验,研究了在复合溶液浸泡作用下混凝土的抗压强度演变、腐蚀产物类型及硫酸根离子反应能力.结果表明:混凝土在硫酸钠溶液中抗压强度先增加后降低,且主要腐蚀产物是钙矾石和石膏.在复合溶液腐蚀环境下,腐蚀产物以钙矾石为主,且混凝土亚微观缺陷减少6.46%.当提高腐蚀溶液温度至50℃时,混凝土的抗压强度演变速度加快,硫酸根离子反应能力提高20%,腐蚀产物以石膏为主.     

碱激发下粉煤灰-市政污泥固废基混凝土抗冻融性能

为改善市政污泥对混凝土抗冻融性能的劣化效果,在氢氧化钠及水玻璃的复合激发下,用经生石灰改性后的市政污泥取代10%细骨料,粉煤灰分别取代10%、20%与30%水泥,制备了混凝土。分析了不同冻融循环次数下,混凝土的表观现象、相对质量、相对动弹性模量、相对抗压强度及微观结构随粉煤灰掺量与碱当量的变化规律,分别以相对动弹性模量与相对抗压强度为损伤变量建立了不同的冻融损伤模型。研究结果表明：随冻融循环次数增加,混凝土表观损伤愈发严重,内部孔隙增多,相对动弹性模量及相对抗压强度显著降低;与对照组相比,粉煤灰及碱激发剂的加入可以改善市政污泥对混凝土冻融耐久性的劣化效果,降低混凝土在冻融循环作用下的质量损失、动弹性模量损失及抗压强度损失;当粉煤灰掺量10%、碱当量4%时,粉煤灰可在碱激发剂及改性污泥中残余碱的联合作用下被较充分地激发,可消纳改性污泥中的残余碱,减弱市政污泥对混凝土抗冻融性能的劣化效果,此时混凝土水化程度最高,在冻融循环作用下的质量损失、动弹性模量损失及抗压强度损失最小,且服役寿命最长,约为16a以上;相对动弹性模量与相对抗压强度相关性良好,分别以两者为损伤变量的冻融损伤模型与试验结果均吻合良好。     

干湿交替环境下混凝土受硫酸盐侵蚀劣化机理

通过试验模拟干湿循环作用下混凝土受不同质量分数硫酸钠的侵蚀特点,从不同侵蚀时间后混凝土的表观特征、质量经时变化规律、混凝土中硫酸根离子分布、侵蚀深度、混凝土轴心抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度经时退化规律、变形经时变化规律等方面全面衡量混凝土的硫酸盐侵蚀损伤特征;讨论硫酸盐溶液质量分数、侵蚀龄期对混凝土损伤累积规律的影响;根据SEM图像分析受蚀混凝土的微观结构特征,揭示了干湿循环和硫酸盐侵蚀共同作用下,不同侵蚀时期后混凝土损伤的演变机理.试验结果表明,在干湿循环作用下硫酸钠对混凝土的侵蚀损伤是侵蚀产物与硫酸盐结晶膨胀共同作用的结果;在侵蚀初期由于晶体的填充密实作用,使得受蚀混凝土的质量、强度与延性增大;随着侵蚀时间的延长,混凝土不仅受到钙矾石、石膏等侵蚀产物的膨胀损伤作用,而且叠加了干湿循环过程中Na2SO4·10H2O的结晶膨胀作用,使得混凝土损伤反复进行并不断累积,加速了混凝土的受蚀劣化速度,质量、强度逐渐降低,脆性变大;由于拉应力的叠加效应,混凝土劈裂抗拉强度对硫酸盐侵蚀损伤更敏感.     

Stress-strain model of corroded concrete under uniaxial compressive loading

The prism specimens of corroded concrete were subjected to uniaxial compressive load to develop the stress-strain model. Compared to the un-corroded concrete, the mechanical properties of corroded concrete, such as peak strength, Young’s modulus, and residual deformation, et al are degraded. The concrete, which were subjected to the aggressive media in the environment, were resulted in randomly distributed pre-loading flaws and defects. The propagation of these corrosion flaws during the procedure of loading was the main reason of degradation of corroded concrete properties. By the application of the statistic theory of continuum damage, the compressive stress-strain curve of corroded concrete was simulated. The initial damage factor was introduced to represent the corrosive effects of different media. The present damage constitutive model agreed well with the test results.     

冲击荷载下的新浇混凝土损伤特性及强度试验研究

以新浇混凝土养护过程会受到各类工程振动的作用与影响为工程背景,结合静载试验与冲击动载试验,得出冲击荷载影响下新浇混凝土的强度随龄期的变化规律。通过基于Weibull分布的统计损伤模型得出混凝土关于龄期的动态损伤本构模型。采用SHPB压杆装置进行混凝土试件破坏试验,得出在混凝土不同龄期的冲击动载下,混凝土抗压强度与静载下抗压强度的比值均为2:1左右;随着龄期的增长,混凝土试件受冲击破坏的破碎程度越来越小。采用SHPB压杆装置对不同龄期的混凝土做加载损伤试验,得出了冲击荷载下混凝土最薄弱龄期区段及其强度降低率达到峰值的龄期。     

混凝土动态受压力学特性的试验研究与数值分析

采用MTS液压伺服系统对C30、C40两种混凝土进行了不同应变速率下的单轴抗压试验,系统研究了应变速率对混凝土抗压强度、弹性模量及应力应变曲线的影响,给出了描述混凝土在应变速率影响下的抗压强度变化的表达式;并应用有限元法,对简支梁进行了结构动力响应分析,结果表明:两种强度混凝土的抗压强度、弹性模量随着应变速率的增加呈明显增加的趋势,混凝土在动态荷载作用下的应力应变曲线与静态荷载下的应力应变曲线具有很好的相似性;同时,动态荷载作用下,梁中应力发生重分布,应变速率对混凝土结构的动力响应具有显著的影响,需要在混凝土结构设计中充分重视荷载动力效应的分析.     

负温混凝土内部结构发展的无损监测

为实现寒冷地区冬季施工中混凝土内部结构发展的无损监测,研究两种坍落度、两种防冻剂的混凝土在标准养护条件、恒负温养护条件及自然变负温养护下动弹性模量随龄期的变化规律.结果表明:标准养护条件下,高掺量防冻盐类的掺入给混凝土内部结构带来一定的损伤.在负温阶段,异常高的混凝土动弹性模量值是由混凝土内部含冰量所决定的.通过转入正温一定时间内动弹性模量的衰减值可以判断混凝土在负温阶段受冻损伤程度.转入正温条件下混凝土的动弹性模量的发展规律与混凝土强度发展规律是一致的.因此,这一无损检测方法可以应用于冬季施工中.     

Property of corroded concrete under compressive uniaxial loads

In order to study the compressive property of corroded concrete, accelerated corrosion test were performed on concrete C30.6 corrosive solutions, including hydraulic acid solution （pH=2）, hydraulic acid solution （pH=3） were applied as the corrosive medium. 6 series of corrosion tests, including 111 specimens, were carried out. Mechanical properties of all the corroded specimens were tested respectively. Compressive properties of the corroded specimens （e.g. compressive strength, stress-strain relation, elastic modulus etc.） were achieved. Taking the strength degradation ratio and strain energy loss as damage index, effects of the corrosion solution on the compressive property of corroded concrete were discussed in detail. Relationship between the damage index and corrosion state of specimens were achieved.     

包浆再生粗骨料对自密实混凝土力学性能及抗冻性的影响

通过自密实包浆再生骨料混凝土力学性能及快速冻融循环试验,从试件的抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、抗折强度及冻融后试件的质量损失率、抗压强度损失率及相对动弹性模量角度研究了再生粗骨料包浆对自密实再生混凝土性能的影响,结合SEM电镜试验从微观上分析了骨料包浆对混凝土抗冻性能的改善机制.结果 表明:普通混凝土和再生混凝土的劈裂抗拉强...     

冻融作用对混凝土跨海大桥桥墩稳定性影响研究

北方海域海水冻融作用对混凝土跨海大桥的安全稳定性具有重要的影响,针对该问题,通过室内冻融试验研究得出了青岛海湾大桥桥墩混凝土在冻融循环作用下的极限抗压强度及其峰值应变、极限抗拉强度、弹性模量等力学性能指标随不同冻融循环次数的衰退规律,并推导出混凝土冻融损伤本构方程.根据室内外试验的对比关系,得出了桥墩混凝土结构各力学性能指标随结构服役时间的退化规律及不同服役期内混凝土的冻融损伤本构方程.建立了青岛海湾大桥沧口段航道桥过渡墩基础的3维有限元模型,应用非线性理论对过渡墩基础进行了数值分析,得出了不同服役期内该混凝土过渡墩基础的最大应力与最大竖向位移的产生位置及其随时间的变化趋势,并分析了其安全性规律,得出了若干结论,可为工程前期设计及后期维修加固提供一定的参考依据.     

硫酸盐侵蚀环境因素对混凝土性能退化的影响

考虑硫酸盐侵蚀的阳离子类型、侵蚀溶液浓度、侵蚀溶液的PH值等环境因素影响，研究了环境因素对受硫酸盐腐蚀的混凝土性能退化的影响，对在不同侵蚀环境下受腐蚀混凝土试件的抗压强度、抗折强度进行了测试，实验结果表明，在腐蚀后期硫酸钠溶液中混凝土强度降低幅度比在硫酸镁溶液中混凝土强度降低幅度大；随腐蚀溶液浓度的增大和pH值的降低，混凝土强度衰减率增大，对各种环境条件下不同腐蚀阶段的混凝土进行了超声声速测试，测试结果表明：随混凝土强度的降低，超声波在混凝土中的传播速度降低，两的变化规律具有一致性，超声声速的变化可以反映不同腐蚀程度混凝土强度的变化情况。     

大孔生态混凝土强度与抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能

为了降低成本和提高抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能,按总胶凝材料用量30%的取代量掺入粉煤灰和矿粉,通过调整细骨料用量来控制大孔混凝土的孔隙率,分别制备了孔隙率为15%、20%和25%的粉煤灰系列和矿粉系列大孔生态混凝土.研究了胶凝材料用量、水胶比和孔隙率对大孔生态混凝土抗压强度和抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能的影响规律.结果表明:大孔混凝土的强度随着胶凝材料用量的增加、水胶比的减小和孔隙率的降低呈线性缓慢地增大;大孔生态混凝土的硫酸盐侵蚀作用在内外同时发生,其抗硫酸盐侵蚀能力明显低于普通混凝土,但当矿物掺合料用量达胶凝材料总量30%时,60次干湿循环后的抗侵蚀系数大于100%.     

Deterioration of dynamic mechanical property of concrete with mineral admixtures under fatigue loading

The dynamic mechanical property of concrete is one of the key parameters, which greatly influences durability of infrastructures subjected to continuous heavy loading, such as girder and track slab of high-speed railway foundation structure. This paper reports serials of experiments designed to investigate the deterioration of dynamic mechanical properties of different concretes under fatigue loading condition. Four parameters including relative dynamic elastic modulus (RDEM), relative dynamic shear modulus (RDSM), relative compressive strength (RCS) and water absorption (WA) of concrete were evaluated to assess the dynamic properties and microstructures of concretes. Results show that the fatigue stress levels and fatigue cycle durations significantly influence the dynamic mechanical properties of concrete including dynamic elastic modulus and dynamic shear modulus. Addition of proper mineral admixture can improve the dynamic mechanical characteristics of concrete and increase its resistance against the fatigue loading effect. Keeping the amount of mineral admixture in concrete constant, its dynamic mechanical property with fly ash is lower than that with fly ash and silica fume. The water absorption in concrete, which is an indirect parameter reflecting capillary porosity, increases evidently after bearing fatigue-loading. There is a close correlation between the deterioration of dynamic mechanical property and the increasing of water absorption of concrete. This indicates that the damage of microstructure of concrete subjected to fatigue loading is the indispensable reason for the decay of its dynamic mechanical performance.     

氯盐对灌注桩混凝土硫酸盐腐蚀规律的影响

复杂盐渍环境多种离子侵蚀灌注桩混凝土等现浇混凝土结构的腐蚀规律研究较少.文中对未经标准养护的混凝土试块进行全浸泡侵蚀试验,模拟混凝土灌注桩受硫酸盐及氯盐共同作用的侵蚀过程,探讨氯盐对现浇混凝土硫酸盐腐蚀规律的影响.结果发现,混凝土试块受侵蚀的前7 d,其抗压耐蚀系数均高于1,之后呈现先增大后减小的趋势;侵入混凝土试块中的硫酸根离子随着侵入深度的增加逐渐减小,并且越向深处侵入混凝土内部的硫酸根离子含量衰减速度越快;氯离子的存在抑制了硫酸根离子在混凝土内部的扩散,且加速了硫酸根离子随深度的衰减速度.由于氯离子的先期反应阻碍了石膏型硫酸盐侵蚀发生,从而减少了硫酸盐对于混凝土侵蚀所造成的强度损失,氯盐含量低时效果最明显.     

Effects of Frost-damage on Mechanical Performance of Concrete

The aim of this study is to provide the quantificational change laws of strength,stiffness,and deformation capacity of frost-damaged concrete relating to a united index,the data were obtained by different researchers.Then the index of relative compressive strength(RCS) was introduced as the indicator of frost damage and a large number of mechanical performance testing data of frost-damaged concrete were collected and analyzed.By curve fitting,the correlations between RCS and the initial elastic modulus,the strain at peak compressive stress,and biaxial compressive strength,and tensile strength,and the strain at peak tensile stress were established.Thereafter,the analytical stress-strain response of frost-damaged concrete under monotonic loading was presented using RCS and compared with that of the experimental data.Moreover,an isotropic elastoplastic damage model of frost-damaged concrete subjected to repeated loading was established.Finally,we can systematically estimate the effects of frost-damage on the mechanical performance of concrete,which can be provided for the numerical simulation of frost-damaged concrete structures.     

Experimental and theoretical research on residual strength of plain concrete under compressive fatigue loading

To investigate the residual strength of concrete under fatigue loading, experiments were conducted to determine the functional relation between residual strength and the number of cycles. 80 100mm × 100mm × 100mm specimens of plain concrete were tested under uniaxial compressive fatigue loading. Based on probabili- ty distribution of the residual strength of concrete under fatigue loading, the empirical expressions of the residual strength corresponding to the number of cycles were obtained. There is a good correlation between residual strength and residual secant elastic modulus. Thus the relationship between residual secant elastic modulus and the number of cycles is established. A damage variable based on the longitudinal maximum strain is defined, and a good linearity relationship between residual strength and damage is found out.     

内壁腐蚀混凝土管道爆破动力失效机制

为了确保爆破振动荷载影响下临近服役多年埋地混凝土管道的安全,开展内部腐蚀混凝土管道爆破动力失效机制的研究. 基于Thistlethwayte混凝土腐蚀理论,建立运营期混凝土管道内壁腐蚀缺陷预测理论模型. 结合全尺寸承插式混凝土管道爆破模型试验及振动分析,验证承插式混凝土管道爆破动力响应的数值建模方法及参数选择. 通过腐蚀缺陷预测,开展不同腐蚀缺陷形态下的承插式混凝土管道爆破动力响应数值试验,分析爆破振动荷载作用下的腐蚀管道动力性能演化规律. 结合极限强度准则,确立腐蚀管道主控动力失效准则,提出爆破振动影响下运营期内壁腐蚀承插式混凝土管道的安全控制标准.     

锈蚀钢筋混凝土偏压构件剩余承载力研究

目的 研究锈蚀钢筋混凝土偏心受压构件的剩余承载力,为评价结构可靠度提供抗力模型.方法 考虑了受压区混凝土强度的降低、钢筋性能退化等主要因素,基于应力图形和平衡条件对锈蚀大偏心受压构件的结构性能退化和破坏特征进行分析.结果 导出了锈蚀钢筋混凝土构件的剩余承载力计算式.剩余承载力计算值与试验值之比平均值为1.0216.说明计算式具有可靠的精度.结论 受压区混凝土强度降低是影响锈蚀大偏心受压构件剩余承载力的主要因素之一.受压区混凝土的三向受力状态导致锈蚀偏心受压构件存在偏心转化问题.     

大掺量粉煤灰超高性能钢纤维混凝土的静动态力学行为

研究了4种不同钢纤维掺量(体积掺量分别为0%,1.0%,1.5%,2.0%)的大掺量粉煤灰超高性能混凝土的单轴压缩强度、弹性模量、单轴抗拉强度、弯曲韧性、断裂韧性、断裂能等静态力学行为,以及高速冲击、压缩作用下的应力波传播规律、应力–应变曲线和破坏特征等动态力学行为.结果表明:掺加钢纤维的大掺量粉煤灰超高性能混凝土的轴心抗压强度、弹性模量和抗拉强度略有增大,韧性指数、残余强度、断裂韧度和断裂能成倍提高;未能增加冲击、压缩作用下的应变率效应程度,但却增大动态应力–应变曲线下的面积,提高试件破坏的应变率阈值,使混凝土存在裂而不散的破坏现象.     

Experimental study on the time-dependent dynamic mechanical behaviour of C60 concrete under

To study the dynamic mechanical behavior of C60 concrete at high temperatures, impact tests under different steady-state temperature fields (100, 200, 300, 400 and 500.℃) were conducted under a variety of durations at the corresponding constant high temperature, namely 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120.min, employing split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) system. In addition, the impact tests were also conducted on the specimens cooled from the high temperature to the room temperature and the specimen under room temperature. From the analysis, it is found that C60 concrete has a time-dependent behavior under high-temperature environment. Under 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500.℃ steady-state temperature fields respectively, as the duration at the corresponding constant high temperature increases, the dynamic compressive strength and the elastic modulus decrease but the peak strain generally ascends. After cooling to the room temperature, the dynamic compressive strength and the elastic modulus descend as well, but the peak strain increases first and then decreases slightly, when the duration increases. For specimens under and cooled from the high-temperature, as the temperature increases, the dynamic compressive strength and the peak strain raise first and then reduce gradually,and the dynamic compressive strength of specimen under high temperature is higher than that of the specimen cooled from the same high temperature.