旋转管电极电解钻孔试验研究

电解钻孔对于难切削材料的小孔加工具有明显优势,采用管状阴极并优化底部通液口结构、增加旋转运动等措施能有效改善电解液流场、消除空穴和分离流等弊端。基于电解钻孔试验,分析了工具阴极进给速度、电解液压力、加工电压、阴极转速对加工的影响,试验证明采用旋转管电极能显著提高加工过程的稳定性,提高小孔的加工速度和加工精度。     

球头阴极电解加工工艺参数对表面粗糙度的影响

介绍了球头阴极数控展成电解加工的原理以及试验装置。在正交试验的基础上,分析了电压、电解液压力、初始间隙、阴极转速和进给速度对表面粗糙度的影响,获得了优化的工艺参数。     

GH4169电解磨削加工试验研究

采用电解液从阴极内孔直接喷射到工件加工表面的内喷射供液方式,对GH4169镍基高温合金开展电解磨削加工试验研究。结果表明:在相同工艺参数下提高进给速度,不仅能提高材料去除率,还能降低过切量和表面粗糙度值;加工电压、电解液温度、电解液压力、金刚石目数对最大进给速度具有重要影响。     

直线刃阴极数控电解加工工艺试验研究

采用直线刃阴极进行电解加工平面的工艺试验,对试验结果进行分析,得到电解液压力、阴极进给速度、电源电压、极间初始间隙与表面粗糙度、切削深度的关系曲线.在此基础上,选取优化的参数组合,实现了直纹曲面的加工.     

涡轮叶片气膜冷却孔电解加工气液两相流场特性分析

以高温镍基合金Inconel718为基材进行气膜冷却孔电解加工基础试验,在电解加工过程中,阴极反应界面析出氢气,导致电解液的电导率不再是一个常数,从而影响冷却孔的加工成型精度。结合前期基础试验,建立冷却孔电解加工流道二维模型,基于COMSOL Multiphysics软件对冷却孔端面间隙内气液两相流场进行仿真,研究加工电压、电解液入口压力及管电极进给速度对氢气析出量的影响,并定性地分析电解加工过程中气泡率与电导率之间的关系。由仿真结果可知:氢气的体积分数随加工电压和电极进给速度的增大而增大,随电解液入口压力的增大而减小,且氢气体积分数越大,电解液的电导率越小。     

多阶内锥孔液力自驱动旋转磁场辅助电解加工

针对电解加工多阶内锥孔类零件表面质量差的问题,提出了液力自驱动旋转磁场辅助电解加工方法,建立液力自驱动旋转流场模型并进行流场仿真,结果表明：当阴极叶片为3片、叶片厚度为0.8 mm、电解液流速不低于5 m/s时,阴极芯轴尾部叶轮可实现稳定旋转。在此基础上,设计了液力自驱动旋转磁场辅助电解加工阴极,在加工电压10 V、电解液温度30℃、电解液压力1.6 MPa、阴极进给速度5 mm/min时,利用复合电解液进行添加旋转磁场和不加磁场的多阶内锥孔电解加工工艺对比试验,结果显示：在相同加工参数下,添加旋转磁场加工的工件表面粗糙度值为Ra0.437μm,较无磁场大幅降低。     

球槽曲面电解加工流场设计及试验研究

球槽曲面是一种球形轮廓扫掠曲线所形成的包络曲面,该曲面所构成的零件驱动轴和螺杆常应用于盘式制动器,可采用电解加工实现高效加工.采用数值分析方法研究了两种电解液流动方式的三种方案对流场的影响,得出电解液侧向短流程方案的流场均匀性较好,并进行了电解加工试验验证.其次,采用数值分析方法研究了导流结构参数、电解液入口压力和压力对流场的影响,并选择最优参数进行了电解加工试验验证.最后,选择不同极间电压与进给速度进行球槽曲面电解加工试验,得知极间电压与平衡间隙成正比、进给速度与平衡间隙成反比,尽量小的极间电压与高进给速度,可得到较好的工艺稳定性.     

方形阴极数控电解加工工艺试验研究

采用4种不同方案的方形阴极进行电解加工工艺试验,并对正交试验结果进行极差分析,得到工作电压、阴极进给速度、电解液压力、初始间隙对切削深度的关系曲线.通过比较4种不同方案阴极对切削深度的影响,得出最优的阴极结构.在此基础上,选取合适的工艺参数组合,进行方孔的电解加工试验.     

盐溶液管电极电解加工钛合金深小孔

管电极电解加工采用中空金属管作为阴极工具对工件进行电解蚀除,在深小孔加工方面具有独特优势。为了避免酸性电解液对环境造成的危害,管电极电解加工采用中性盐溶液替代酸性溶液作为电解液。通过研究初始加工间隙、进给速度、电解液压力、电参数对钛合金深小孔加工的影响,择优选取加工参数,在20 mm厚的TC4钛合金工件上加工出了深径比大于10的通孔。     

涡轮叶片电解加工阴极设计方法研究

电解加工技术是目前航天航空发动机核心零部件涡轮叶片的主要加工方法之一。叶片电解加工工具阴极设计方法与修正是提高叶片电解加工精度的关键。电解加工中阴极进给角度、工件装夹角度和工件型面法线方向夹角的规范性和均匀性是影响阴极设计准确性的重要因素。分析某小型发动机涡轮转子叶片三维模型结构,建立叶片型面上各采样点对应的阴极工具型面加工间隙的分布规律模型。优化阴极进给角度与毛坯件装夹角度,结合电场仿真分析进行优化,研究提高阴极型面设计精确度的电解加工阴极型面模型的设计方法。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.