北斗RDSS芯片在北斗终端的应用

广嘉电子针对北斗射频单元开发的BG—DB-2416CX射频芯片（北斗RDSS射频芯片）,通过片外少许的元件即实现北斗一代射频信号的接收和发射功能。芯片实现了集成接收通道和发射通道,并集成了接收发射频率综合器,接收通道采用两次变频结构,首先把射频信号下变频到第一中频,然后再通过正交混频器产生最终的正交中频信号12．24MHZ。发射通道采用直接调制结构,可直接处理TTL电平输入信号,调制到所需载波频率处,完成发射功能。     

一种低噪声高线性度射频前端电路设计

介绍了超高频接收系统射频前端电路的芯片设计。从噪声匹配、线性度、阻抗匹配以及增益等方面详细讨论了集成低噪声放大器和下变频混频器的设计。电路采用硅基0.8μm B iCM O S工艺实现,经过测试,射频前端的增益约为18 dB,双边带噪声系数2.5 dB,IIP 3为+5 dBm,5 V工作电压下的消耗电流仅为3.4 mA。     

一种全集成CMOS数字电视调谐器射频前端

设计了一种全集成CMOS数字电视调谐器(DTV tuner)射频前端电路.该电路采用二次变频低中频结构,集成了低噪声放大器、上变频混频器、下变频混频器等模块.芯片采用0.18μm CMOS工艺实现,测试结果表明,在50～860MHz频率范围内,射频前端能够实现很好的输入阻抗匹配,并且总的增益变化范围达到20dB.其中,在最大增益模式下,电压增益为+33dB,单边带噪声系数(SSB NF)为9.6dB,输入参考三阶交调点(ⅡP3)为-11Bm;在最小增益模式下,电压增益为+14dB,单边带噪声系数为28dB,输入参考三阶交调点为+8dBm.射频前端电路面积为1.04mm×0.98mm,工作电压为1.8V,消耗电流为30mA.     

一种全集成CMOS数字电视调谐器射频前端

设计了一种全集成CMOS数字电视调谐器(DTV tuner)射频前端电路.该电路采用二次变频低中频结构,集成了低噪声放大器、上变频混频器、下变频混频器等模块.芯片采用0.18μm CMOS工艺实现,测试结果表明,在50～860MHz频率范围内,射频前端能够实现很好的输入阻抗匹配,并且总的增益变化范围达到20dB.其中,在最大增益模式下,电压增益为 33dB,单边带噪声系数(SSB NF)为9.6dB,输入参考三阶交调点(ⅡP3)为-11Bm;在最小增益模式下,电压增益为 14dB,单边带噪声系数为28dB,输入参考三阶交调点为 8dBm.射频前端电路面积为1.04mm×0.98mm,工作电压为1.8V,消耗电流为30mA.     

一种适用于IEEE802．15．4（ZigBee）标准的2．4GHz CMOS射频收发机设计

本文提出了一种适用于IEEE 802．15．4标准的2.4GHz免认证ISM频段的全集成CMOS射频收发机．接收机采用低中频结构以降低功耗、提高灵敏度,发射机则采用直接上变频结构以降低设计复杂度和功耗．芯片采用0.18μm 1P4M CMOS工艺以及MIM电容制造,供电电压1.8V ．测试结果显示,在误包率为1％时,接收机灵敏度达到了-97dBm ,发射机输出至100Ω差分天线端口的最大输出功率为＋3dBm ．接收模式和发射模式下的电流功耗分别为17mA和19mA ,芯片面积3.3mm ×2.8mm ．     

硅基晶圆级封装的三维集成X波段8通道变频模块

<正>南京电子器件研究所将CMOS芯片、GaAs多功能芯片、硅基IPD芯片、TCSAW滤波器等多种工艺制程的芯片异构集成到硅基晶圆上,再采用TSV、微凸点以及晶圆低温键合等工艺在国内首次实现了基于硅基射频微系统集成工艺的三维集成微波模块。如图1所示,该模块包含了接收多功能、8通道滤波、镜像抑制混频多功能、中频多功能以及三种中频带宽可切换功能的集成。图2所示为射频微系统集     

CMOS中频数字接收机片上系统的设计与实现

随着CMOS工艺技术的进步,集成化、小型化成为电子器件的发展趋势。提出了一种基于CMOS工艺的中频数字接收机片上系统(SoC)方案,实现了将射频接收前端、A/D转换器(ADC)、数字下变频器(DDC)和数字基带处理器集成在一个芯片上。该芯片采用0.18 μm CMOS工艺,芯片面积为(7×8)mm²。在0.5~4 GHz范围内完成了芯片测试。测试结果表明,SoC芯片射频接收前端的镜像抑制比为46.3 dB,系统噪声为9.4 dB,增益控制范围为54.4 dB,满足系统的指标要求。该芯片在小型化、集成化、高可靠性电子系统中有广泛的应用前景。     

基于双栅长GaN集成工艺的Ku波段收发芯片

研制了一款Ku波段GaN收发多功能芯片。芯片集成了接收通道的低噪声放大器和发射通道的功率放大器,使用单刀双掷开关实现通道间切换。该芯片采用两种不同栅长集成的GaN HEMT工艺。低噪声放大器使用0.10μm低压低噪声工艺,功率放大器和开关使用0.15μm高压高功率工艺。低噪声放大器采用电流复用结构以降低功耗,功率放大器采用三级电抗式匹配网络以提高芯片输出功率。测试结果表明,在14～18 GHz频带内,发射通道线性增益≥30 dB,饱和输出功率≥40.5 dBm,功率附加效率典型值为23%;接收通道线性增益为24 dB（±0.2 dB）,噪声系数典型值为2.3 dB,功耗仅为140 mW(5 V/28 mA)。芯片面积为4.0 mm×3.0 mm。     

一款低噪声卫星导航接收机射频前端的设计

基于0.18tm RF CMOS工艺,采用低中频系统结构,设计了一款可应用于全球定位导航系统(GPS) L1频段和北斗二代(BD2) B1频段的低噪声卫星导航接收机的射频模拟前端芯片.该前端包括低噪声放大器、无源混频器、中频放大器、复数带通滤波器和数控可变增益放大器.其中低噪声放大器采用电流舵技术,与无源混频器一起,提高了射频前端的1 dB压缩点输入功率(Pi(1dB)),有效地改善了系统的线性度.测试结果显示,在GPS L1频点,系统的最大增益107.2 dB,噪声系数达到1.8 dB,动态增益66 dB,镜像抑制比约为39.54 dB,Pi(1dB)为-41 dBm,电源为1.8V时,消耗电流16 mA,芯片面积1.7 mm×0.8 mm.     

一种应用于双载波正交频分复用的超宽带单片射频收发机

本文给出了一种用于双载波正交频分复用的超宽带单片射频收发机芯片。该芯片采用直接变频结构,片内共集成了两路接收机,两路发射机,一个双载波频率综合器并提供控制收发机工作状态的三线串行接口。此芯片使用台积电 0.13 微米射频CMOS工艺制造,尺寸为 4.5mmx3.6mm。测试结果表明：该收发机的接收机链路噪声系数为 5~6.2dB,最大增益为 78~84dB,可变增益为 64dB,带内和带外三阶交调点分别为-6dBm和 4dBm,在所有频带上都获得良好的输入匹配（S11<-10）;该收发机的发射机最大可输出-5dBm 功率,带内主要杂散均小于 -33dBc（镜像抑制<-33dBc,载波泄露<-34dBc）,典型的输出三阶交调点为 6dBm;该收发机的双载波频率综合器可以同时输出两路频率可独立配置的载波信号,其跳频时间小于1.2ns。在1.2V单电源供电下,整个射频芯片消耗最大电流为420mA。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.