铜、锌共掺杂二氧化钛薄膜的制备及光催化活性

以钛酸丁酯为钛源,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Cu2+、Zn2+共掺杂TiO2薄膜,通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)对其进行表征.结果表明,Cu2+、Zn2+掺杂促进了TiO2晶相的转变,引入铜锌离子之后TiO2的禁带宽度由3.37 eV减少至3.28 eV.SEM表明Cu2+、Zn2+共掺杂TiO2薄膜晶粒比纯TiO2更加细小.XPS分析证实了制备的铜锌共掺杂TiO2,锌以二价氧化价态存在.以亚甲基蓝为模拟污染物,对其进行光催化降解实验,结果表明:Cu2+、Zn2+共掺杂的协同作用使TiO2薄膜的光催化活性显著提高.     

N、La共掺杂纳米TiO_2的制备及其光催化性能

以钛酸丁酯、尿素、硝酸镧为原料,采用超声辅助溶胶-凝胶法制备了N、La共掺杂纳米TiO_2光催化材料。用XRD、DSC-TG、UV-Vis DRS、FT-IR、SEM、EDS对材料结构和性能进行了表征。以苯酚为目标污染物,考察材料的光催化性能。结果表明:N、La共掺杂协同作用使晶粒细化,材料的光催化活性显著提高;当N掺杂摩尔分数为5%、La掺杂摩尔分数为1%、催化剂用量为1.5 g/L、焙烧温度为500℃时,光催化降解5 mg/L苯酚的效果最佳。     

V、La共掺杂纳米TiO2光催化活性研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不掺、单掺和共掺杂的TiO2纳米粒子,对样品进行了XRD、TEM和BET分析,并以甲基橙的光催化降解研究了样品的光催化性能.结果发现V的掺杂对TiO2晶型的转变和晶粒尺寸的长大具有促进作用;而La的掺杂对TiO2晶型的转变和晶粒尺寸的长大具有抑制作用;当两者共掺杂时,促进作用和抑制作用相互中和,且La的抑制作用占优势.V、La的单掺杂提高了TiO2的光催化活性,共掺杂又进一步提高了TiO2的光催化活性;最佳掺杂量为0.05%的V和0.05%的La,最佳煅烧温度为600 ℃.     

镧掺杂纳米二氧化钛的可见光光催化性能研究

采用经La2O3掺杂后的纳米TiO2粉末作为光催化剂,以300 W卤钨灯作为可见光光源,对水中的苯酚进行光催化降解,考察了La2O3不同的掺杂量、焙烧温度、pH值以及催化剂用量等因素对降解率的影响。实验结果表明:在光照射3 h后,纳米TiO2粉末在La掺杂量为0.5%,焙烧温度为600℃,pH为5,催化剂用量为1 g/L时的光催化活性最高,苯酚的TOC去除率为42.7%。     

La-N共掺杂二氧化钛的制备及光催化性能研究

以泡沫镍为载体,钛酸四丁酯(TBOT)、硝酸镧、尿素为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了N掺杂、La掺杂和La-N共掺杂的TiO2光催化剂.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、拉曼光谱(Raman)等技术手段对催化剂进行表征,结果表明,La和N的掺杂改变了催化剂的结构形态.以反渗透浓缩渗滤液为目标降解物的光催化试验表明,La-N共掺杂的TiO2其催化性能得到了显著提高.     

钒氮共掺杂纳米二氧化钛光触媒乳液的制备及性能研究

以四氯化钛、有机羧酸、稳定剂、表面活性剂、氨水、偏钒酸铵等简单易得的试剂为主要原料,采用常温络合-控制水解新技术,制备出了钒氮共掺杂的纳米二氧化钛透明乳液。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、纳米激光粒度分析仪、紫外-可见分光光度计等对样品进行了表征。结果表明:样品平均粒度在7nm左右,晶型为锐钛矿,样品最大吸收边拓展到了可见光区域。当钒氮掺杂量为0.1%,回流时间为30min时,得到钒氮共掺杂纳米TiO2水溶胶的光催化性能最好,经太阳光照射50min后,对浓度为50mg/L的酸性红3R染料溶液的降解率达到98%以上。     

可见光响应铈氮共掺杂二氧化钛及其光催化降解活性

通过溶胶凝胶法制备了具有可将光响应能力的铈、氮共掺杂二氧化钛光催化剂。用XRD、SEM、UV-Vis对催化剂进行了表征,以活性艳红为降解目标,考察了催化剂在500 W氙灯全波段照射下和可见光下的光催化活性。光催化降解活性艳红溶液实验结果表明,当煅烧温度为400℃,铈掺杂量为0.6%(摩尔比),氮掺杂量为6%(摩尔比)时光催化效率最高,活性艳红溶液的降解率可达97.88%。     

Ni/Co共掺杂二氧化钛纳米片的可控制备及光催化性能研究

采用水热法合成掺杂不同金属元素的片状TiO₂纳米材料,对掺杂金属元素的纳米材料的光催化性质进行深入探讨,并对其光催化降解条件及对有机污染物甲基橙的光催化降解应用进行研究,进而选择最佳掺杂金属元素的TiO₂纳米材料作为光催化剂。结果表明,Ni/Co共掺杂二氧化钛纳米片的催化降解有机染料甲基橙效果最佳,能在短时间内对有机染料进行有效降解,在紫外光照下其降解效率约为92%。     

镧、碳共掺杂TiO2的制备及其可见光催化性能

为了更有效地利用太阳能,以钛酸丁酯为前驱体,硝酸镧和四丁基氢氧化铵为掺杂离子给体,通过改进的溶胶-凝胶法,成功制备了纯TiO₂和不同掺杂浓度的镧、碳掺杂和共掺杂TiO₂光催化剂.表征结果显示,共掺杂催化剂为锐钛矿型,具有较高的比表面积,感光范围拓展到可见光区.分别以甲基橙、罗丹明B和4-氯酚为降解物,氙灯、太阳光和自然光为光源,进行催化剂的光催化降解实验,结果表明,共掺杂催化剂活性高于未掺杂和单掺杂催化剂.降解结果显示,当共掺杂催化剂含0.5% La³⁺(摩尔比)、焙烧温度在500℃时具有最高的光催化降解效率.共掺杂TiO₂具备较高的可见光催化活性原因可能是碳掺杂降低了TiO₂禁带宽度,而镧掺杂同时维持了体系的电荷平衡.     

S、Yb共掺杂TiO2的制备及光催化性能

以钛酸四丁酯、硫脲、硝酸镱为原料,CTAB为软模板剂,采用水热法制备了S、Yb共掺杂的纳米二氧化钛。采用XRD、BET、SEM、TEM-EDS、UV-Vis、PL对样品的结构和性能进行了表征;以亚甲基蓝（MB）为模拟污染物,氙灯（500W）为光源评价样品的光催化性能。结果表明,TiO2为单一的锐钛矿相,S和Yb成功的掺杂进入TiO2晶格中,掺杂抑制了晶粒的生长,减小了TiO2的禁带宽度,增大了样品的比表面积,降低了光生电子与空穴对的复合率,扩大了光吸收范围;当n(S): n(Yb)=2:1.5时得到的2%S/1.5%Yb-TiO2光催化性能最佳,在500 W氙灯下对亚甲基蓝在90 min内的光催化降解效率达到97.75%。     

Gd,B共掺杂改性TiO2纳米颗粒的可见光光催化活性

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Gd和B共掺杂的TiO2纳米颗粒,研究了TiO2纳米颗粒在可见光下的光催化活性。应用XRD、TEM和UV-Vis等手段对TiO2纳米颗粒的物相、粒径、形貌及光学性能进行了表征。结果表明,掺杂可以抑制TiO2晶粒增长,阻碍TiO2由锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变。紫外-可见吸收光谱显示,共掺杂纳米颗粒在可见光区吸收有较强提高,共掺杂离子以协同作用拓展TiO2光谱响应,使吸收带产生红移,提高光生载流子的分离效率。光催化降解实验表明,共掺杂TiO2纳米颗粒有很高的可见光光催化活性,以500℃热处理的共掺杂摩尔比为0.005 Gd和0.04 B的TiO2纳米颗粒光催化效果最好,在可见光下对甲基橙的降解率为98.9%。     

纳米TiO2光催化降解乐果影响因素的研究

以悬浮态TiO2为光催化剂,在紫外光的照射下催化降解乐果,研究了乐果初始浓度、纳米TiO2添加量、反应体系温度、初始pH及通入空气等因素对乐果降解率的影响。结果表明,与反应体系温度和体系初始pH相比,纳米TiO2添加量和乐果初始浓度对乐果降解效果影响较大;不同流速空气通入均能使乐果降解率在0～20 min反应阶段有较大幅度的提高;当纳米TiO2添加量为0.1 g/L,乐果初始浓度为20 mg/L,反应体系温度为30℃,初始pH为6.5的条件下,再辅以空气(2.5 L/min)通入,反应60 min后,乐果降解率可达97.15%。     

Gd,B共掺杂改性TiO_2纳米颗粒的可见光光催化活性

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Gd和B共掺杂的TiO2纳米颗粒,研究了TiO2纳米颗粒在可见光下的光催化活性。应用XRD、TEM和UV-Vis等手段对TiO2纳米颗粒的物相、粒径、形貌及光学性能进行了表征。结果表明,掺杂可以抑制TiO2晶粒增长,阻碍TiO2由锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变。紫外-可见吸收光谱显示,共掺杂纳米颗粒在可见光区吸收有较强提高,共掺杂离子以协同作用拓展TiO2光谱响应,使吸收带产生红移,提高光生载流子的分离效率。光催化降解实验表明,共掺杂TiO2纳米颗粒有很高的可见光光催化活性,以500℃热处理的共掺杂摩尔比为0.005 Gd和0.04 B的TiO2纳米颗粒光催化效果最好,在可见光下对甲基橙的降解率为98.9%。     

Solid-phase photocatalytic degradation of polystyrene with modified nano-TiO2 catalyst

A novel photodegradable polystyrene-grafted-TiO₂ (PS-g-TiO₂) nanocomposite was prepared by embedding the grafted-TiO₂ into the commercial polystyrene. Solid-phase photocatalytic degradation of the PS-g-TiO₂ nanocomposite was carried out in ambient air at room temperature under ultraviolet lamp and/or sunlight irradiation. The properties of composite film were compared with those of the pure PS film by methods such as weight loss measurement, scanning electron microscope (SEM), gel permeation chromatogram (GPC), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), FT-IR spectroscopy, and UV-vis spectroscopy. The results show that the photo-induced degradation of PS-g-TiO₂ composite film is significantly higher than that of pure PS film. The weight loss of composite film reached 31.9%, average molecular weight (M_w) of composite film decreased by 53.1%, and the number average molecular weight (M_n) decreased by 73.2% after 396 h of UV-light irradiation. FT-IR analysis and weight loss indicated that the benzene rings in PS-matrix of composite film were cleaved during UV-light irradiation. The photocatalytic degradation mechanism of the films is briefly discussed.     

Study on the photocatalytic activities of TiO2 films prepared by reactive RF sputtering

Titanium oxide (TiO₂) films were deposited on non-alkali glass by reactive radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering using a Ti metal target in this study. The deposition parameters employed to realize the photocatalytic activities of TiO₂ films include RF power, deposition time, argon–oxygen ratio (O₂/(Ar + O₂)) and substrate temperature. The orthogonal array and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were adopted to determine the effect of the deposition variables on characteristic properties and the optimal conditions. The results indicated that a higher photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ films could be achieved under RF power of 150 W, deposition time of 3 h, argon–oxygen ratio of 40% and substrate temperature of 80 °C. RF power and argon–oxygen ratio had a higher effect on the methylene blue (MB) absorbance. The validation experiments show an improved photocatalytic activities of 5% when the Taguchi method is used.     

Yb-La/TiO_2光催化剂的制备工艺研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备镱镧共掺杂二氧化钛光催化剂Yb-La/TiO_2,在紫外光照射下,以罗丹明B作为目标降解染料,考察催化剂的光催化性能。结果表明,制备Yb-La/TiO_2光催化剂的最佳条件为:n(La)∶n(Yb)∶n(Ti)=1.2∶1.0∶100,钛酸丁酯用量10 m L,无水乙醇用量50 m L,聚乙二醇用量0.4 g,冰醋酸用量2 m L,pH=2.3,陈化4天,150℃干燥24 h,550℃焙烧2 h。此条件下制备的Yb-La/TiO_2光催化剂对罗丹明B的降解率达93.37%,重复使用3次后,降解率仍高于80%。     

薄层氮化碳光催化还原CO_2性能研究

以氮化碳(g-CN)为原料,采用水蒸汽焙烧剥离法在Ar/H2O氛围下制备薄层氮化碳(Hg-CN),并对其进行XRD、TEM、FT-IR、BET和UV-Vis DRS等表征。结果表明,进行剥离后,H-g-CN比表面积相比剥离前明显增大。H-g-CN的光催化还原CO_2活性大大高于未剥离gCN的活性,光照反应9 h,H-g-CN光催化还原CO_2活性由剥离前的11. 4μmol·g~(-1)提高至24. 6μmol·g~(-1),H-g-CN的CO选择性为91. 2%,未剥离的g-CN的CO选择性为89. 1%,并提出相应的反应机理。     

N、Ni共掺杂TiO2光催化剂的制备及对亚甲基紫降解性能研究

以硫脲、硝酸镍、钛酸四丁酯为原料,用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纯TiO2和不同比例N、Ni掺杂的TiO2的光催化剂样品,用紫外-可见分光光度计进行了表征。结果表明,经过掺杂的TiO2光催化剂的吸收边向可见光方向移动,TiO2可见光催化活性提高,掺杂量为0.15 g,pH=9,温度为30℃时,对亚甲基紫的脱色效果最好。     

Bi@Bi4Ti3O12/TiO2 films on glass with photocatalytic and self-cleaning performance

A stable and translucent Bi@Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂/TiO₂ film was fabricated on conventional glass substrates for the first time. The film exhibited a good photocatalytic performance and efficient self-cleaning capability against organic dyes under full spectral irradiation and visible light irradiation. Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂/TiO₂ film was first prepared on a glass substrate with colloidal silica as a high temperature binder, followed by implantation of nanoscale Bi in it by an in-situ partially reduction of Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ to generate Bi@Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂/TiO₂ films. The improved photocatalytic ability is probably attributed to the surface plasmon resonance of Bi atom as well as the enhanced electron transfer efficiency and synergistic effect of Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ and TiO₂. According to trapping experiments, hydroxyl radicals (OH) were active species in the photocatalytic degradation of dyes under full spectral light irradiation and possible photocatalytic mechanism was proposed. The film prepared in this work may well have potential practical applications in many aspects, such as cleansing treatments for high building external decorative panels and also systematic characterization of the film suggests that the in-situ reduction is an effective and simple way to produce nanoscale Bi@Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂.     

Preparations and photocatalytic properties of magnetically separable nitrogen-doped TiO2 supported on nickel ferrite

A magnetically separable nitrogen-doped photocatalyst TiO_2−xN_x/SiO₂/NiFe₂O₄ (TSN) with a typical ferromagnetic hysteresis was prepared by a simple process: the magnetic SiO₂/NiFe₂O₄ (SN) dispersion prepared by a liquid catalytic phase transformation method and the visible-light-active photocatalyst TiO_2−xN_x were mixed, sonificated, dried, and calcined at 400 °C. The prepared photocatalyst is photoactive under visible light irradiation and easy to be separated from a slurry-type photoreactor under the application of an external magnetic field, being one of promising photocatalysts for wastewater treatment. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) were used to characterize the structure of the TSN photocatalyst. The results indicate that the magnetic SiO₂/NiFe₂O₄ (SN) nanoparticles adhere to the surface of TiO_2−xN_x congeries. The magnetic photocatalyst TSN shows high catalytic activity for the degradation of methyl orange in water under UV and visible light irradiation (λ > 400 nm). SiO₂ coating round the surface of NiFe₂O₄ nanoparticles prevents effectively the injection of charges from TiO₂ particles to NiFe₂O₄, which gives rise to the increase in photocatalytic activity. Moreover, the recycled TSN exhibits a good repeatability of the photocatalytic activity.