N-十二烷基天冬氨酸钠的性能

用Wilhelmy法对实验室制备的氨基酸表面活性剂N-十二烷基天冬氨酸钠(NDASPS)的表面张力进行了测定,发现25℃,pH=6~10时,其CMC为1.127~3.382 mmol/L,γCMC为32.47~39.32 mN/m,高pH对表面性能影响较大。应用性能研究表明,不同硬水中,钙皂分散性在pH=7时均为最优(钙皂分散指数为2%),渗透性随pH的增加而减小,两者均好于LAS和OAB;产品在pH=8时对油酸的乳化性优于LAS和OAB;去污性和泡沫性几乎不受水硬度的影响,当m(NDASPS)∶m(LAS)=1∶2时,其去污值达到66.09%,该质量比为1∶1时,其水溶液的表面张力达到27.08 mN/m。     

液洗中脂肪酸甲酯磺酸钠稳定性研究

测定了餐洗和洗衣液中脂肪酸甲酯磺酸钠(MES)的稳定性随时间、取代量的变化趋势。结果表明:餐洗中MES较稳定,随时间和温度的变化不明显,不同含量MES取代LAS,其体系MES随梯度变化较小;洗衣液中MES不稳定,随时间和温度的变化明显,MES随温度的升高分解较快,在45℃放置后分解率达37%,在54℃放置后分解率高达60%。洗衣液中不同含量MES取代LAS或AES,其体系MES稳定性随取代量增大而提高。     

脂肪酸甲酯磺酸钠的应用研究

研究了脂肪酸甲酯磺酸钠(MES)的物化性能、MES与脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠(AES),烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)复配性能以及MES在洗涤配方应用中的性能。结果表明,MES具有优良的表面性能,适用范围广;MES与AES、LAS复配后表现出良好的泡沫协同效应;在液洗配方中MES表现出优良的洗盘去污性能以及对炭黑、皮脂污布的去污性能。MES适用于餐具洗涤剂及洗衣液中,在香波配方中适量应用。     

改性皂类渗透剂壬基苯氧乙酸钠的合成及性能

在普通脂肪酸钠皂的直链烷基中引入苯氧基,合成了一种改性羧酸皂类表面活性剂——壬基苯氧乙酸钠(SNA)。采用FTIR和1HNMR方法对其结构进行表征,通过两相滴定法和HPLC法测得产品纯度>98%。测定了SNA的Krafft点(TK)及其在pH=7和pH=10条件下的表面张力、润湿力、泡沫力、钙离子稳定性、钙皂分散剂消耗量和乳化力等性能,并与油酸钠(SOA)及十二烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)比较。实验结果表明,SNA具有极好的低温溶解性(TK<0℃);不依赖于pH的优秀的润湿性能(润湿时间≤25 s),远远优于SOA的润湿力(>15min);且具有不依赖于浓度的很好的消泡性能。因此,SNA具有作为羧酸皂类低泡渗透剂的应用潜能。     

十六烷基二苯醚二磺酸钠的性能及其在洗衣液中的应用

测试了十六烷基二苯醚二磺酸钠(C_(16)-MADS)的临界胶束浓度及表面性能、泡沫性能、耐盐性能和去污性能。结果表明:C_(16)-MADS的CMC(25℃)为1.75×10~(-4) mol/L,表面张力g(CMC)为42.1mN/m。C_(16)-MADS具有低于AES和LAS的发泡性能和稳泡性能,对AES、LAS、NaCl组成的洗衣液体系具有明显的降黏作用,去污性能优于AES和LAS,在NaCl存在的体系中,C_(16)-MADS具有较好的耐盐性能和良好的LAS增溶性能。将C_(16)-MADS应用于洗衣液中,各项指标符合洗衣液行业标准要求。     

脂肪酸甲酯磺酸钠在衣用液体洗涤剂中的应用

对目前市售几种规格的脂肪酸甲酯磺酸钠（MES）产品进行了对比,提出了衣用液体洗涤剂配方和生产技术对MES产品的技术要求。研究了MES在衣用液体洗涤剂中与LAS、AES等其他类型表面活性剂复配对体系去污力、泡沫性能、稳定性以及储存过程中二钠盐含量变化的影响。结果表明,在衣用液体洗涤剂配方体系中,MES与LAS复配去污性能增效明显,与LAS＋AES复配有一定的去污增效作用,而与AES复配没有增效作用。随复配体系中MES加量的增加,洗衣液泡沫下降,随储存时间的延长和储存温度的升高,产品中二钠盐含量增加。     

脂肪酸甲酯磺酸钠在液体洗涤剂中的配伍性研究

将脂肪酸甲酯磺酸钠（MES）配成水溶液或液体洗涤剂,发泡力、去污力和抗硬水性均明显优于LAS。MES分别与LAS、AES、AEO-9复配时．去污力显示不出协同增效作用,但也不存在减效作用。MES与AES和DAEO-9用作洗衣液的复合表面活性剂时,可以获得较高的去污力。MES配在强碱性的液体洗涤剂中,当天水解率达28．87％,但在中性和微酸性中相当稳定。MES在低温时溶解性较差．但与AES和AEO-9复配后,浑浊点降低9℃～15℃、MES的澄清点降低10℃～18℃．并且可用氯化钠增黏。     

脂肪酸甲酯磺酸钠在洗衣液中的应用研究

脂肪酸甲酯磺酸钠（MES）是以天然油脂为原料生产的新型高效阴离子表面活性剂。将MES和其他表面活性剂复配,进行相应的配方性能评价和应用性能研究。配方性能评价研究结果表明,含MES的洗衣液具有适合日常使用的泡沫量、黏度以及良好的耐寒和耐热稳定性。在应用性能方面的研究表明,含MES的洗衣液具有良好的去污性和耐硬水性。     

Gemini型阳离子烷基糖苷表面活性剂性能研究

用Wilhelmy法对Gemini阳离子烷基糖苷表面活性剂(G-CAPG)的表面张力进行了测定,25℃,其cmc为0.12 mmol/L,γcmc为30.2 mN/m,Krafft点为-4.41℃,表面活性较好。应用性能研究表明,其保持了APG优异的泡沫性能和去污能力,且几乎不受水硬度的影响;渗透和乳化性能优于常见的阴、阳离子和两性表面活性剂;与LAS复配时,当n(G-CAPG)/n(LAS)<0.6或n(G-CAPG)/n(LAS)>2.0时,溶液的透光率均大于90%,当n(G-CAPG)/n(LAS)=0.5/1时,其去污值达到66.01%,其水溶液的表面张力达到27.3 mN/m;对杆状菌和大肠杆菌的杀菌作用良好;10 d内生物降解度达到94.8%以上,生物降解性能较好。     

含丙烯酸的二元无规共聚物的抗硬水性能研究

本文通过将聚丙烯酰胺水解的方式合成了类似于无规共聚丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸的部分水解聚丙烯酰胺,并合成了无规共聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸(P(NIPAM-co-AA))。采用透射电子显微镜观察了两种二元共聚物在水溶液中聚集体的形貌。为了考察含丙烯酸的二元共聚物的抗硬水性能,测定了其钙皂分散力及钙离子稳定性,并与聚丙烯酸(PAA)比较。实验表明,P(NIPAM-co-AA)在水中形成稳定的囊泡状聚集体,并具有更强的钙皂分散力。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。