共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 87 毫秒
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采用简单、无模板的方法制备了氮掺杂多孔石墨烯/碳复合材料(NPGC)。采用SEM、XRD、Raman、XPS等分析手段对NPGC的形貌、组成以及结构进行了表征,利用旋转圆盘电极技术测试了其电催化氧还原反应(ORR)活性。结果表明,葡萄糖在水热后生成的碳与石墨烯成功复合,并在950℃炭化、活化后形成了相互渗透、结构良好的三维片状多孔网络结构;其氮含量高达9.47%。NPGC作为一种高效的非金属ORR电催化剂,在碱性溶液中具有较高的起始电位[0.87 V(vs RHE)]和较大的极限电流密度(4.7 mA?cm?2),以及其ORR平均转移电子数为3.8。与商业Pt/C催化剂相比,NPGC具有较强的耐甲醇性和长期耐久性,且制备成本较低,具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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长期以来,碳材料负载高分散的铂催化剂及其合金材料一直是商业化质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)中氧还原反应和氢氧化反应十分有效的催化剂。但由于Pt基催化剂成本高、电化学条件下稳定性差、易CO中毒以及氧还原反应(ORR)动力学迟缓等一系列问题,阻碍了其在燃料电池中的进一步应用和大规模生产。相比之下,氮掺杂碳纳米材料具有低成本、高活性、高稳定性、环境友好等特点,这些优异的性能使其在燃料电池领域有着广阔的应用前景。结合近几年国内外研究现状,综述了原位掺杂法、后掺杂合成法和直接热解法等3种氮掺杂碳纳米材料的制备方法,并分析了各自的优点和不足之处,及其作为ORR催化剂的研究进展。最后,对未来氮掺杂碳纳米材料催化剂研究的主要发展方向进行了展望。 相似文献
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阴极氧还原反应是燃料电池的核心反应之一。目前,用于氧还原反应的催化剂通常是铂基催化剂,普遍存在成本高、对甲醇耐受性差、易CO中毒等缺点,因此,开展非贵金属催化剂的研究显得尤为重要。铁基催化剂因催化活性好、稳定性高、甲醇耐受性好、价格低廉等而备受青睐,最有希望成为铂基催化剂的替代品。该文主要综述了铁基氧还原催化剂,包括含铁化合物催化剂、铁单原子催化剂、铁基合金催化剂、铁基复合物催化剂及其他铁基催化剂的研究现状、催化机理及活性影响因素,并在此基础上阐述了各类催化剂尚待解决的问题和发展方向。 相似文献
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氧还原反应是锌-空气电池等能源转换器件的阴极核心反应,但受限于阴极氧还原反应迟缓的动力学过程,制约了电池的整体效率。Pt/C、RuO2等贵金属材料是氧还原反应中普遍使用的电催化剂,由于存在成本因素、稀缺性及耐久性不佳等问题,为此寻求成本低廉、高活性、高稳定性的非贵金属基催化剂成为了当前最重要的研究目标。主要阐述了氧还原反应机理、杂原子掺杂铁基纳米粒子催化剂的研究现状,并在此基础上提出了尚待解决的问题和发展方向。 相似文献
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具有高附加值的绿色环保型氧化剂——过氧化氢(H2O2)的需求日益增加,急需发展绿色且安全的H2O2合成新方法。两电子氧还原反应(2e-ORR)是一种制备H2O2的高效方法,其中催化剂的高效率和高选择性是2e-ORR的关键。对二硒化钴(CoSe2)电催化剂的制备和性能测试实验进行了探索。首先,通过联氨还原法制备钴纳米粒子;然后,通过简单的固相反应并在不同温度下退火制备CoSe2电催化剂;最后,通过一系列的表征方法对CoSe2电催化剂的表面形貌、晶型、电化学及其稳定性等进行了研究。为2e-ORR电催化剂CoSe2的进一步研究和应用开发提供借鉴。 相似文献
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氮掺杂碳材料是一种有应用前景的电催化氧还原催化剂。以尿素和三聚氰胺作为氮源,在氮气气氛下高温焙烧,制得两种氮掺杂科琴黑碳材料并将其用于电催化氧还原反应。使用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、比表面物理吸附分析仪等对氮掺杂前后的科琴黑的结构和形貌进行了分析。结果表明:氮掺杂之后科琴黑仍保持石墨结构,其形貌和比表面积均无明显改变。在XPS谱图上,氮掺杂后科琴黑上存在氮元素,其中以三聚氰胺为氮源比以尿素为氮源更容易得到吡啶氮。通过循环伏安法和线性扫描伏安法研究了3个样品的电催化氧还原性能。结果表明:氮掺杂能明显提高科琴黑的电催化氧还原性能,未掺杂的
科琴黑(AC)的半波电位为0.746 V,而以尿素和三聚氰胺为氮源掺杂后的科琴黑碳材料的半波电位分别提高到了
0.756 V(尿素-N/AC)和0.786 V(三聚氰胺-N/AC)。 相似文献
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为了提高MnO2催化氧还原效率,采用B i改性MnO2经350℃高温处理后作为氧还原的催化剂,草酸铵造孔剂及MWNTs为复合电催化剂,氧电极可获得50 mA/cm2的工作电流密度(-200 mV)。B i改性MnO2的微观形貌分析表明,其晶体颗粒尺度约100 nm,且粒径分布较均匀,呈自然团聚外貌,团聚物直径在2~8μm。B i改性MnO2催化氧还原机理为:在放电过程中,由于B i改性的MnO2具有良好的可逆性能,因此O2在MnO2上发生的电子得失过程是瞬间过程,而不是MnO2的晶格转变,仅仅是质子-电子的传递。当缺氧时,MnO2发生还原反应,才会发生晶格转变。 相似文献
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A new general method to heterogenise porphyrins and different metalloporphyrins (Co, Fe) on silica, mesoporous MCM-41 and delaminated zeolites ITQ-2 and ITQ-6 yields stable materials, which act as active catalysts for the electrochemical oxygen reduction, without catalyst desorption from the electrode. 相似文献
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氮掺杂碳材料以其独特的性质在催化研究领域具有广泛的应用。氮掺杂过程可引入缺陷位及氮物种,改善催化剂的物理化学性质、酸碱性和浸润性,并与活性物种产生相互作用,提升催化性能。本文从氮掺杂碳材料的制备及其在催化领域中的应用展开综述。常见的氮掺杂碳材料主要利用含氮前驱体,通过后合成法、原位合成法、催化生长法和模板法进行制备。通过改变前驱体种类、处理条件等制备参数,可实现孔道结构、氮物种类型、氮物种掺杂量及其与活性物种相互作用等性质的调变。开发大规模经济环保的制备方法,推动对缺陷构筑以及氮物种与活性组分相互作用机制的研究,是未来重要的研究方向。氮掺杂碳材料在催化领域表现出优越的性能,有望成为催化剂开发的前瞻领域,推动相关工业技术的进步。 相似文献
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Jun-ichi Ozaki Kiyomi Nozawa Kunitaka Yamada Yoshinori Uchiyama Yoko Yoshimoto Atsuya Furuichi Tomonari Yokoyama Asao Oya L.J. Brown J.D. Cashion 《Journal of Applied Electrochemistry》2006,36(2):239-247
The structure, physicochemical properties and oxygen reduction abilities of carbons prepared by the carbonization of mixtures of ferrocene and poly(furfuryl alcohol) were studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies revealed that the carbons thus prepared consisted of two components; amorphous and turbostratic shell-like components. The fraction, f sharp, obtained by the analysis of the (002) peak in XRD was found to be a parameter that represented the degree of formation of the shell-like components. The formation of the shell-like components induced an increase in the mesopore volumes. Electrical conductivity increased exponentially with f sharp, which indicated that the conduction process was governed by a percolation process of the conductive shell-like components. The amount of CO-desorption by O2-TPD technique showed a maximum desorption at f sharp=0.3, and the further development in the sharp component led to a decrease in the CO-desorption. Mössbauer spectroscopy technique revealed the presence of α-Fe, γ-Fe, Fe1-x O and Fe3C in the prepared carbons, which were soluble species to acids. The oxygen reduction activity was studied in a oxygen saturated sulfuric acid solution by rotating disk electrode voltammetry. The oxygen reduction potential varied with f sharp; initially it increased by f sharp=0.3 and then it decreased at higher f sharp values. This behavior was similar to that of CO-desorption, which meant the presence of an adequate degree of the development of the shell-like structure for maximizing oxygen adsorption. Removal of the surface metal component from the carbons by acid-washing resulted in no decrease in the oxygen reduction activities of the carbons. The nature of the active sites on the carbon materials is discussed. 相似文献
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Highly porous Ru/Se/C electrocatalysts have been successfully synthesized via a template-based method, which was carried out by the impregnation of a hard template (silica gel) with a mixture of RuCl3·xH2O, SeO2 and sucrose dissolved in water. The resulting Ru/Se/C catalysts show good catalytic activity for oxygen reduction in acidic media. The electrocatalysts are believed to consist of selenium-modified ruthenium nanoparticles, which are embedded in a high surface area carbon matrix. The structural properties of the prepared Ru/Se/C electrocatalysts were investigated using nitrogen physisorption measurements, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The elemental composition of prepared Ru/Se/C electrocatalysts was determined using electron microprobe. The catalytic activity was tested using the rotating-ring-disk-electrode technique in 0.1 M HClO4 solution at room temperature. 相似文献
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电催化CO2还原为具有附加价值的燃料和化学品,在缓解全球气候变暖和有效储存可再生能源方面极具潜力,近年来受到了广泛的关注。本文首先简述了水溶液中CO2电化学还原为不同产物反应途径的研究成果,当前简单C1产物的生成路径较为清晰,但生成多碳烃类和醇类的反应途径尚缺乏明确的证据,需要进一步探索。然后综述了用于CO2电化学还原的金属基电催化材料的研究进展,聚焦于产物选择性、催化活性和稳定性,分别对金属纳米类、金属合金类、金属氧化物类、金属基复合物以及最近出现的单原子金属催化材料的研究现状进行了介绍。最后,展望了电催化CO2还原的研究前景,指出不断优化电催化材料的性能是将来研究的主要方向之一,特别是有望取代Au、Ag等贵金属的单原子催化剂以及能高效生成多碳产物的铜基材料;同时,更精确的理论计算结合原位光谱表征,深入探究CO2电化学还原反应的机理,将极大地促进高效电催化材料的开发。 相似文献
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采用氯化铁、尿素、硝酸银为原料,以碳量子点为还原剂,通过水热和光催化两步法合成了Ag/E-CDs/Fe3O4复合物(ECIA)。用鸡蛋壳膜制备的碳量子点表面含有丰富的COOH、OH和NH2等水溶性基团,利用其表面活性基团,首先合成了E-CDs/Fe3O4,光照条件下Ag粒子进一步沉积于E-CDs/Fe3O4表面。采用XRD、FTIR、SEM、TEM和荧光光谱图(PL)等对产物进行表征。以水体中的对硝基苯酚(4-NP)为模拟污染物,研究了ECIA的催化还原性能。探讨了复合物中含银量、催化剂用量、4-NP初始浓度对催化还原反应的影响。结果表明,E-CDs/Fe3O4与Ag粒子复合后提高了催化剂的催化活性,但复合物含银量过高会降低催化剂催化活性,其中,硝酸银添加量为2 mg时所得样品ECIA-2活性最佳,对4-NP的催化还原反应符合一级动力学方程,该反应的ki为0.6441 min-1。 相似文献
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Rui-Qi Zhang Ang Ma Xiang Liang Li-Min Zhao Hui Zhao Zhong-Yong Yuan 《Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering》2021,15(6):1550
The low cost and highly efficient construction of electrocatalysts has attracted significant attention owing to the use of clean and sustainable energy technologies. In this work, cobalt nanoparticle decorated N-doped carbons (Co@NC) are synthesized by the pyrolysis of a cobalt covalent organic framework under an inert atmosphere. The Co@NC demonstrates improved electrocatalytic capabilities compared to N-doped carbon without the addition of Co nanoparticles, indicating the important role of cobalt. The well-dispersed active sites (Co–Nx) and the synergistic effect between the carbon matrix and Co nanoparticles greatly enhance the electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction. In addition, the Co content has a significant effect on the catalytic activity. The resulting Co@NC-0.86 exhibits a superb electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction in an alkaline electrolyte in terms of the onset potential (0.90 V), half-wave potential (0.80 V) and the limiting current density (4.84 mA·cm–2), and a high selectivity, as well as a strong methanol tolerance and superior durability, these results are comparable to those of the Pt/C catalyst. Furthermore, the superior bifunctional activity of Co@NC-0.86 was also confirmed in a home-built Zn-air battery, signifying the possibility for application in electrode materials and in current energy conversion and storage devices. 相似文献