改性微粒硅溶胶对草浆的助留助滤试验

本文研究了阳离子淀粉、硼改性硅溶胶用量和铝改性硅溶胶用量对改性硅溶胶与阳离子淀粉或CPAM组成不同助留助滤体系的助留助滤效果的影响。研究结果发现：阳离子淀粉／改性硅溶胶微粒体系有良好的助留助滤效果．优于一元助留助滤体系．其中硼改性硅溶胶微粒体系的助留助滤效果好于铝改性硅溶胶微粒体系。     

新型硅铝微粒的助留助滤性能研究

研究了实验室制备的硅铝微粒与阳离子淀粉(CS)、阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)组成的微粒体系、湿部剪切力及其pH值对纸料助留助滤性能的影响.研究结果表明,硅铝微粒是一种性能优异的微粒助留助滤剂,与CS-CPAM构成的微粒体系有更好的助留和助滤性能,有更强的抗剪切能力和更宽的pH值适应范围.     

阴离子无机微粒助留助滤体系的研究

本文主要研究了无机阴离子微粒的助留助滤体系,即用改性膨润土、胶体硅分别与CPAM(阳离子聚丙烯酰胺)组成无机微粒助留助滤体系,探讨无机微粒不同用量的变化对助留助滤作用效果的影响.     

CPAM/膨润土微粒助留助滤体系的应用研究

简述了造纸湿部助留剂滤体系的发展概况，研究了CPAM、膨润土、硫酸铝等用量及电解质（NaCl）浓度对CPAM/膨润土体系助留助滤效果的影响，实验结果表明CPAM的用量随浆料种类、填料种类等的变化而变化、CPAM只有达到足够的用量后才能产生有效的助留助滤效果，膨润土在浆中添加的有效经济用量为0.2%-0.3%左右，CPAM/膨润土体系不适合于酸性造纸（PH4.5-5.5)，但在近中性和中性造纸中有良好的助留助滤效果，CPAM/膨润土体系比CPAM单元体系更抗电解质的干扰。     

新型硅铝微粒的助留助滤性能

研究了自制硅铝微粒与阳离子淀粉(CS)、CPAM组成的微粒系统、湿部剪切力及其pH值对纸料助留助滤性能的影响。研究结果表明硅铝微粒是一种性能优异的微粒助留助滤剂，与阳离子淀粉-CPAM构成的微粒系统有更好的助留和助滤性能，有更强的抗剪切能力和更宽的pH值适应范围。     

阳离子聚丙烯酰胺助留助滤作用的研究

本论文用共聚法合成了阳离子聚丙烯酰胺（CPAM），并进行了漂白麦草浆的助留助滤应用实验，并与进口CPAM的效果进行对比，研究了混合时间、硫酸铝的用量、浆料的pH值等因素对CPAM助留助滤性能的影响。     

硅铝微粒助留助滤系统在漂白麦草浆中的应用

研究了实验室自制硅铝微粒在造纸湿部与阳离子淀粉(CS)、CPAM组成的微粒系统各组分用量及剪切力对纸料助留助滤性能的影响.研究结果表明硅铝微粒是一种性能优异的微粒助留助滤剂,与阳离子淀粉-CPAM构成微粒系统时有更好的助留和助滤性能,各组分的适宜添加量为阳离子淀粉1%、CPAM 0.02%、硅铝微粒0.1%～0.3%(均为质量分数);CPAM在高剪切下加入能获得更好的助留效果.     

造纸湿部CPAM/膨润土助留助滤体系的研究

本文简述了温部助留助滤体系的发展概况、微粒助留助滤体系的种类以及CPAM/膨润土体系助留助滤机理,研究了CPAM、膨润土、硫酸铝等用量变化对CPAM/膨润土体系助留助滤效果的影响,并对比了自制膨润土和进口膨润土的助留助滤性能,发现CPAM/膨润土体系不适合酸性造纸,但在近中性和中性造纸中有良好的助留助滤效果;CPAM的用量随浆料种类、填料种类等的变化而变化,CPAM只有达到足够的用量后才能产生有效的助留助滤效果;膨润土在浆中添加的有效经济用量为0.2％-0.3％左右;2＃自制膨润土的助留助滤效果达到了进口膨润土的水平。     

CPAM与膨润土-丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物微粒的助留助滤效果

研究碱性环境中膨润土与丙烯酰胺在过硫酸铵-亚硫酸钠引发体系中合成的接枝共聚物与阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)组成的微粒助留助滤系统。结果表明:当pH值为4～7,接枝共聚物在浆中用量为0.15%～0.20%,CPAM用量为0.035%～0.04%时,CPAM/接枝共聚物系统具有良好的助留助滤效果。     

阳离子聚丙烯酰胺/膨润土微粒体系的助留助滤性能

“Hydrocol”体系是典型的微粒助留体系之一，一般由阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)和改性膨润土组成。本文主要研究此微粒体系对漂白麦草浆的助留助滤作用，探讨CPAM、改性膨润土用量对助留助滤效果的影响，并结合纸页的扫描电镜初步探讨微粒助留助滤的机理。结果表明：“Hydrocol”系统形成的微絮聚可以进一步提高浆料的滤水性、填料的留着率，并能改善纸页强度。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the