放电等离子合成Ti3AlC2-TiB2复合材料的相形成研究

采用放电等离子烧结工艺,以Ti,Al,B4C,TiC为原料制备Ti3AlC2／TiB2复合材料。通过X射线衍射分析了从600℃到1300℃Ti3AlC2／TiB2系统反应过程的相形成规律。用扫描电镜观察了不同温度下试样的显微组织演变。结果表明,在900℃之前,主要的反应是Ti和Al反应生成Ti—Al金属间化合物,900℃之后,Ti—Al金属间化合物与TiC逐渐生成Ti3AlC2和TiB2相,形成致密Ti3AlC2／TiB2复合材料。     

SPS技术原位制备Ti3SiC2相增强陶瓷材料

Ti3SiC2具有优良的性能，作为复合材料增强相可以进一步提高材料性能。提出制备Ti3SiC2增强复合材料的一种新思路，即利用放电等离子体烧结（Spark Plasma Sintering，简称SPS）原位反应烧结制备Ti3SiC2增强纳米复合材料。利用SPS技术已经成功制备了Ti5Si3／TiC／Ti3SiC2，TiSi2／SiC／Ti3SiC2，SiC／Ti3SiC2等纳米复合材料，并且考察了材料的显微结构和力学性能。     

SPS制备Ti-Si-C系纳米复合材料

围绕Ti-Si-C体系,采用Ti,Si,C,SiC等粉体,利用SPS原位反应烧结制备了一系列Ti-Si-C体系纳米复合材料,主要包括TiC/SiC,Ti5Si3/TiC,Ti5Si3/TiC/Ti3SiC2等纳米复合材料.利用XRD,SEM和TEM分析了复合材料的相组成和显微结构,利用压痕法测定了其室温显微硬度和断裂韧性.结果表明利用SPS技术可在比较低的温度(＜1500℃),很短的保温时间(＜8 min)下同步完成反应、烧结、致密化,生成Ti-Si-C系纳米复合材料,并且晶粒细小,其中某一相晶粒尺寸小于500 nm.     

反应自生Cu-TiB_2-TiC复合材料

研究了Cu-Ti-B4C体系的燃烧合成过程。以Cu,Ti和B4C粉末为原料按不同的配比混料球磨,制成预制块．用热爆方式引燃,原位反应合成以TiB2和TiC颗粒为增强相的Cu基复合材料,采用DTA,XRD和SEM技术对反应过程和产物进行分析．井对反应体系进行热力学计算。结果表明：Ti＋B4C的反应是高放热反应,瞬间完成,随着体系中Cu的增加,反应剧烈程度降低,材料致密度提高,TiC和TiB2颗粒细小、均匀,与基体结合较好。     

TC4合金表面激光熔覆B4C及B4C＋Ti粉末涂层的微观组织

利用XRD，SEM和EDS分析手段对B4C和B4C＋10％Ti（质量分数，下同）激光熔覆层的微观组织进行了分析。结果表明，TC4合金表面B4C与B4C＋10％Ti激光熔覆层的组成相基本相同，均由TiC1-x，TiB，TiB2和Ti相组成，说明在TC4合金表面熔覆过程中有一部分Ti进入熔覆层并与B4C发生化学反应原位生成了TiB，TiB2和TiC1-x相。TiC1-x相以树枝状相形式存在，TiB2相以粗大须状相形式存在，TiB相以细小须状相形式存在。熔覆层与基底结合良好，没有发现裂纹与孔洞。基底热影响区呈淬火组织形貌，为典型的针状马氏体组织特征。与B4C激光熔覆层相比，B4C＋10％Ti激光熔覆层的组织细小，TiB相含量增多，TiB2相含量减少。     

碳化钛/硅原位反应烧结研究

采用3TiC/2Si/0.2Al粉体为原料,通过原位反应烧结技术制备致密的纳米SiC增强Ti3SiC2材料,同时研究不同烧结方式(热压烧结和放电等离子烧结)对反应产物的影响.采用XRD、SEM和EDS对试样的物相组成、微观形貌和微区成分进行分析.结果表明,采用两种烧结技术都可制备致密的SiC增强Ti3SiC2细晶材料;采用热压烧结技术可制备纳米SiC-Ti3SiC2复合材料;采用放电等离子烧结技术得到的复合材料中SiC晶粒略粗,为500 nm.     

放电等离子烧结制备Ti/TiC/C层状复合材料的研究

以Ti和C片状材料为原料,利用放电等离子烧结(SPS)技术制备了具有层状结构特征的Ti/TiC/C复合材料,研究反应界面的性质和状况,讨论了烧结温度对界面反应层的影响。结果表明:采用放电等离子烧结技术可制备出Ti/C叠层复合材料;材料的界面反应程度与烧结温度有关。随着烧结温度的升高,反应层的厚度增大,烧结温度达到1500℃时界面反应程度较好,反应层的厚度达到32.6μm;进一步提高烧结温度,将会使Ti发生熔化,无法得到Ti/C叠层复合材料。     

碳化硼-硼化钛复合陶瓷的制备

研究了TiB2、TiC、Ti三种添加剂对超细B4C粉末的无压烧结(2200℃×1h)密度的影响。结果表明,加入Ti粉末对B4C的烧结没有产生明显的影响,最高密度不超过86%理论密度;而TiB2对B4C的烧结致密化有明显的促进作用,当TiB2含量达到50%时,复合陶瓷的烧结密度达到92%理论密度;TiC对B4C的烧结致密化影响比较复杂,过少或过多时均不能获得最高的烧结密度,当TiC含量为30%时,密度达到最高值(94.5%理论密度)。B4C-TiC反应烧结陶瓷由B4C、TiB2、C三相组成。     

碳化硼-硼化钛复合陶瓷的制备

研究了TiB2、TiC、Ti三种添加剂对超细B4C粉末的无压烧结(2 200℃×1 h)密度的影响.结果表明,加入Ti粉末对B4C的烧结没有产生明显的影响,最高密度不超过86%理论密度;而TiB2对B4C的烧结致密化有明显的促进作用,当TiB2含量达到50%时,复合陶瓷的烧结密度达到92%理论密度;TiC对B4C的烧结致密化影响比较复杂,过少或过多时均不能获得最高的烧结密度,当TiC含量为30%时,密度达到最高值(94.5%理论密度).B4C-TiC反应烧结陶瓷由B4C、TiB2、C三相组成.     

烧结温度对SPS Nb/Nb5Si3原位复合材料组织结构的影响

以Nb、Si粉末为原料,采用放电等离子烧结（SPS）技术,原位合成Nb／NbsSi,复合材料,研究了烧结温度对材料组织结构的影响。结果表明,Nb／Nb5Si3复合材料的反应SPS烧结存在一个临界烧结温度Tc=1400℃;当烧结温度低于Tc时,合成的材料致密性较低,且存在Nb3Si中间相;当烧结温度高于Tc时,可获得所需的Nb／Nb5Si3复合材料,而且随着烧结温度的提高,Nb颗粒尺寸变小,材料的致密性高达99．59％。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。