水溶性富勒烯衍生物的设计合成及在生物医药中的应用

介绍了水溶性富勒烯衍生物在抗艾滋病、DNA的裂解、消除自由基和抗菌等方面的应用,及一些水溶性富勒烯衍生物的设计合成。     

富勒烯衍生物与抗癌药物分子连接的研究进展

富勒烯及其衍生物可广泛作为化学药物和基因药物的转运载体。把富勒烯与抗癌药物进行连接,可以改善疏水性药物的生物相容性,通过高通透性和EPR效应聚集在靶组织,得到的富勒烯衍生物具有富勒烯和抗癌药物的双重特性,提高了抗癌药物的活性和生物利用度。对富勒烯及其衍生物耦合脱氢枞胺、阿霉素、紫杉醇等抗癌药物的研究进展进行了综述。     

富勒醇的生物医学应用

富勒烯(C_(60))作为最具代表性的碳纳米材料之一,由于其独特的结构和物理化学性质,在许多领域有着极为广阔的应用前景,如电子、生物、医学、材料及催化等。富勒醇是通过化学方法在富勒烯的碳笼上引入羟基而得到的功能化衍生物。由于容易合成,结构简单,生物相容性好,受到了研究者的广泛关注和研究。本文在总结国内外相关研究基础上,系统阐述了富勒醇的生物医学应用研究情况。     

[60]富勒烯三元环化反应及其衍生物功能研究

对[60]富勒烯的三元环化反应及其衍生物的功能研究进行了概述,讨论了[60]富勒烯的三元环化反应的发生机理.重点阐述了[60]富勒烯三元环化典型反应及获得的富勒烯衍生物的生物医药功能等,对今后的工作进行了展望.     

水溶性富勒烯衍生物抗氧化特性的研究进展

综述了水溶性富勒烯衍生物合成的进展,介绍了水溶性富勒烯衍生物对活性氧淬灭活性的研究,主要包括对超氧化物和其它活性氧的淬灭活性,还概述了水溶性富勒烯及其衍生物对体内细胞的保护作用和毒性。以期为人们更好地利用水溶性富勒烯及其衍生物提供帮助。     

[60]Fullerene功能材料的制备研究

由于富勒烯在光、电、磁等方面表现出独特的性质，因此以C60为代表的富勒烯的研究成为最近十几年来研究的一个热点，在C60的功能化研究中，大量的C60衍生物被合成出来；不同的C60衍生物具有更加特殊的性能，使得其在物理、化学、材料学、医学、生物学等方面显示出广阔的应用前景。     

富勒烯及其衍生物薄膜

介绍了近几年来富勒烯及其衍生物有序膜方法———物理淀积法和化学淀积法。通过这两种方法所得的膜都具很好的稳定性,但用化学淀积法把C60及其衍生物固定在基片上而形成的膜更具有优良的物理化学性质。以及富勒烯及其衍生物膜的应用。     

富勒烯羰基内酰胺化合物的亲电芳香取代反应研究

氮杂富勒烯是目前被重点关注的一类杂富勒烯,在化学合成方法中均需要经过开孔衍生物,然而对于氮杂富勒烯的前体开孔化合物—羰基内酰胺衍生物,人们的研究报道较少。本研究对其与富电子芳烃的亲电芳香取代反应进行了系统的研究。研究发现,反应除了生成单取代芳基氮杂[60]富勒烯,还有两个副产物。本论文对两个副产物进行了详细的表征和结构鉴定,这对后续开展氮杂富勒烯的深入研究提供了有利条件。     

含长碳链富勒烯衍生物的制备与表征

为了改善有机太阳能电池的光电特性,本文设计一种溶解性良好的富勒烯衍生物作为电池的受体材料。以对苯二酚和溴代正辛烷为原料制备对辛烷氧基苯酚中间体,再与丙二酸环亚异丙酯反应合成丙二酸单酯,进一步与十二醇酯化合成不对称丙二酸双酯,最后与富勒烯(C60)进行Bingel反应制备了含长碳链的富勒烯衍生物目标物,该化合物结构与电化学性质完全被表征。     

吸电子基团对[60]富勒烯吡咯烷空间结构的理论研究

借助密度泛函量子力学程序对硝基、甲氧基和羟基3种吸电子基团对[60]富勒烯吡咯烷空间结构的影响进行了研究。结果表明,结构优化后的[60]富勒烯吡咯烷衍生物的LUMO与HOMO能量差ΔE并不随基团吸电子能力的增强而增加,吸电子基团对[60]富勒烯衍生物吡咯烷键长和键角的影响大小为NO2>OH>OCH3。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。