C.I.酸性蓝264及N-甲基-N-(4-氨基苄基)-4-甲苯磺酰胺的合成

N-甲基-N-(4'-氨基苄基)-4-甲苯磺酰胺的合成包括三步反应,首先由对甲苯磺酰氯与甲胺反应得到N-甲基-4-甲基苯磺酰胺,再与对硝基苄基溴反应引入苄基,然后在铁催化剂存在下用水合肼将硝基还原,得到N-甲基-N-(4'-氨基苄基)-4-甲苯磺酰胺;该工艺重现性好,三废少,三步反应总收率81%.得到的N-甲基-N-(4'-氨基苄基)-4-甲苯磺酰胺与溴胺酸反应即得C.I.酸性蓝264,该染料染色时对染浴的pH不敏感、竭染率高、水洗牢度好.     

C．I．酸性蓝264及N-甲基-N-（4′-氨基苄基）-4-氨苯磺酰胺的合成

N-甲基-N-（4′-氨基苄基）-4-甲苯磺酰胺的合成包括三步反应,首先由对甲苯磺酰氯与甲胺反应得到N-甲基-4-甲基苯磺酰胺,再与对硝基苄基溴反应引入苄基,然后在铁催化剂存在下用水舍肼将硝基还原,得到N-甲基-N-（4′-氨基苄基）-4-甲苯磺酰胺;该工艺重现性好,三废少,三步反应总收率81％。得到的N-甲基-N-（4′-氨基苄基）-4-甲苯磺酰胺与溴胺酸反应即得C．I．酸性蓝264,该染料染色时对染浴的pH不敏感、竭染率高、水洗牢度好。     

4-硝基苯基马来酰亚胺的合成研究

以顺丁烯二酸酐和对硝基苯胺为原料,甲苯和DMF混合溶液作溶剂,对甲基苯磺酸和硫酸铜为催化剂,采用两步法合成了4-硝基苯基马来酰亚胺,用红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱对产物进行了表征;同时研究了反应物物质的量比、催化剂用量以及混合溶剂配比等因素对合成4-硝基苯基马来酰亚胺的影响.得到的最佳工艺条件是:n(顺丁烯二酸酐):n(对硝基苯胺)为1.2:1,V(甲苯):V(DMF)为10:1;胺化反应温度为20～30℃,环化反应温度为140～150℃,环化反应时间为6 h以上;对甲基苯磺酸用量为反应物总质量的1%～2%;硫酸铜用量为反应物总质量的0.1%～0.5%;对苯二酚用量为反应物总质量的0.1%.在此条件下,产物收率达到85%以上,纯度达到98.1%.     

4-氨基苯基马来酰亚胺的合成研究

以顺丁烯二酸酐和对硝基苯胺为原料,经多步反应合成了4-硝基苯基马来酰亚胺（Ⅰ）与4-氨基苯基马来酰亚胺（Ⅱ）两种新型NPMI产品,并采用傅立叶红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱对其结构进行了确认。同时研究了反应物摩尔比、催化剂用量、胺化反应温度等因素对合成4-硝基苯基马来酰亚胺的影响,以及考察了氯化亚锡用量、催化还原温度、盐酸用量等对合成4-氨基苯基马来酰亚胺的影响。产物（Ⅰ）收率达85%以上,产物（Ⅱ）收率在50%左右。     

三聚氯氰催化液相重排合成ε-己内酰胺

以甲苯和三氟乙酸为混合溶剂,极少量的三聚氯氰(CNC)作催化剂,实现了温和条件下由环己酮肟液相贝克曼重排制备ε-己内酰胺的反应。对溶剂种类、反应温度、催化剂用量、反应时间、混合溶剂比例、混合溶剂用量等因素对重排反应的影响进行了考察,并得到了最佳的反应条件:环己酮肟1.0 mol%,反应温度80℃,三聚氯氰1.0mol%,反应时间2.5h,甲苯∶三氟乙酸=4∶5(体积比),混合溶剂8m L,环己酮肟的转化率达98.6%,ε-己内酰胺的选择性达93.8%,主要副产物为环己酮。该法具有对环境无害,反应条件温和,催化剂廉价易得,溶剂可重复使用等优点。     

温和催化液相重排制备ε-己内酰胺

以对甲苯磺酰氯(TsCl)作催化剂,乙腈为溶剂,催化环己酮肟液相贝克曼重排制备ε-己内酰胺。考察了不同的催化体系、反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量、溶剂用量等因素对反应的影响,建立了适宜的反应条件:环己酮肟2.0 g,对甲苯磺酰氯1.5 g,乙腈20 mL,反应温度60℃,反应时间2.5 h,环己酮肟转化率达98.4%,ε-己内酰胺选择性达93.6%。该法反应条件温和,操作简单,溶剂乙腈可重复使用。     

新型脱氢松香酰肼基硫脲的研究

以松香改性产品脱氢枞胺为原料,乙醚为溶剂,在-10～40℃下与二硫化碳(CS2)、N,N'-二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)作用,合成脱氢松香异硫氰酸酯,最高产率为84.1%。然后以对甲苯磺酰氯、苯磺酰氯、水合肼为原料,四氢呋喃为溶剂,在10～15℃下分别合成对甲苯磺酰肼(最高产率91.9%)和苯磺酰肼(最高产率96%)。最后,松香异硫氰酸酯分别与对甲苯磺酰肼、苯磺酰肼反应,乙醇为溶剂,于60～80℃条件下回流搅拌,合成了対甲苯磺酰肼基脱氢枞氨基硫脲和苯磺酰肼基脱氢枞氨基硫脲,最大收率均大于60%。所合成的化合物经红外光谱、核磁共振谱等表征分析,证实是一种未见报道的新化合物。     

N,N’-1,4-二对甲苯磺酰高哌嗪的合成

以甲醇钠为催化剂合成出N,N’-1,4-二对甲苯磺酰高哌嗪,考察了原料的物质的量比、反应时间、溶剂用量和相转移催化剂用量4种因素对反应收率的影响,较佳工艺条件为:N,N’-1,4-二对甲苯磺酰乙二胺0.02 mol时,N,N’-二对甲苯磺酰乙二胺和1,3-二溴丙烷的投料物质的量比1∶1.25,反应时间13 h,溶剂二甲基甲酰胺用量60 mL,苄基三乙基溴化铵用量0.6 g,总收率达65.65%。     

纳米固体超强酸SO2-4/Fe2O3催化合成环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮

以纳米固体超强酸SO2-4/Fe2O3为催化剂,催化环己酮和1,2-丙二醇的缩合反应,合成了环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮.研究焙烧温度、反应时间、酮醇物质的量比、带水剂用量和催化剂用量等对反应的影响.较适宜的反应条件为:环己酮200 mmol,酮醇物质的量比为1:1.1,催化剂用量为200 mg(占反应物总质量的2.9%),甲苯30 mL,温度(120-130)℃,反应2.5 h.环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮收率达97.4%,纯度>98%.     

杀菌剂磺菌胺的合成

4-氯-3-三氟甲基苯磺酰氯于邻氯苯胺在甲苯溶液中,在催化剂的存在在下,发生氨基磺酰化反应得到N-(2-氯-4-苯基)-4-氯-3-三氟甲基苯磺酰胺,然后在混酸存在下发生硝化反应,得到磺菌胺。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。