高效热丝GMAW焊接工艺熔敷速率试验分析

交流热丝GMAW工艺是一种高效焊接工艺,其主弧为传统GMAW电弧.填充焊丝和熔池及母材构成闭合回路,交流脉冲预热电流流经该回路,产生电阻热并预热填充焊丝.当被预热到高温的填充焊丝进入熔池后,在液态金属作用下迅速熔化.进行了高效热丝GMAW工艺的试验研究,找到填充焊丝预热电流、填充焊丝伸出长度、焊丝间距、主弧焊接规范等参...     

热冲压高强钢电阻+激光组合点焊工艺

为避免热冲压高强钢电阻点焊在热输入较大时产生飞溅和满足激光点焊装配要求,提出一种将电阻点焊和激光点焊组合的新焊接工艺方法.通过电阻+激光组合点焊工艺获得了热冲压高强钢焊接接头,分析了接头各区域的显微组织、显微硬度分布、力学性能,并分析了断裂模式及其断裂机理.结果表明,电阻+激光组合点焊接头明显分为电阻焊接区和激光焊接区.母材和激光焊核区硬度值较大,与回火区对应的软化区硬度值下降约60％,激光环外侧软化区为拉剪断裂薄弱环节.此种组合工艺获得的焊接接头相对于单独电阻点焊或激光点焊强度和韧性都有明显提高.     

A study of pore closure and welding in hot rolling process

The design of processing conditions to eliminate porosity in steel during hot rolling has become more critical with the advent of continuously cast feed stock. To predict appropriate process parameters, experiments were performed in which holes were drilled in steel slabs, at different depth below the surface perpendicular to the rolling direction. After hot rolling, the state of the deformed holes was examined by optical microscopy. The fracture surfaces of tensile specimens notched in the plane of the closed holes were examined under a scanning electron microscope to investigate the bonding ( welding ) between the surfaces of the closed holes because this bonding is the most important factor indetermining the transverse mechanical properties of the rolled product. The deformation of such holes in the roll gap was modelled as an clastic / plastic plane strain problem using the FE software ABAQUS to investigate the strain and stress around holes and to analyze the conditions required to promote pore closure and welding between the closed surfaces.

Experiment results showed that the rate of pore closure was affected by the parameters of rolling process and the position of holes relative to the rolling contact surfaces. FE simulation of pore closure showed a good agreement with experimental results and showed that a certain level of hydrostatic pressure resulted in the closure of pore and that the holding period of the pressure in the compressive state determined the degree of welding of surface of pores; shear is favourable to this welding.     

焊条成形工艺对手工自蔓延焊接的影响

系统研究了焊条成形工艺对手工自蔓延焊接燃烧过程和焊接质量的影响.结果表明,粉末粒度、装药密度和混料时间均对焊接有显著影响.粉末粒度增大,焊缝出现大量气孔,强度降低;粉末粒度减小,燃烧速度加快,焊接可控性降低;粒度在-260~+300目时,焊接效果最佳.焊条燃烧速度随装药密度呈先增后减并逐渐趋于平稳的变化趋势,当药粉密度ρ2.7 g/cm3时,焊条燃烧平稳,焊接可控性好.混料时间增长,燃烧合成反应加剧,燃烧速度加快,焊接飞溅增大;混料时间不足,粉末混合不均,焊接热量不足,制作燃烧型焊条以30 min混料时间为宜.焊条直径对于燃烧影响较小,宜根据焊件厚度选择合适的焊条直径.     

万向节叉热成形过程模拟研究

建立了万向节叉热成形工艺的刚粘塑性有限元模型，分析了在不同毛坯尺寸下万向节叉热成形过程的变形情况及可能产生的缺陷，为获得合理的毛坯尺寸提供了理论依据。     

高强度热成形钢点焊性能与接头组织

以热成形高强度钢板22MnB5作为研究对象,采用不同工艺参数对典型厚度钢板进行正交试验优化,通过对点焊试样进行单向拉伸试验,确定了最优点焊性能工艺参数及各因素对点焊性能的影响程度.热成形高强度钢点焊接头抗剪载荷的最优条件为:板料厚1.6mm、焊接电流7 800A、焊接时间0.4 s;同时,各因素对抗剪载荷影响的主次顺序为:板料厚度＞焊接电流＞焊接时间.通过对点焊接头进行硬度分布试验和金相组织测试,研究并分析了热成形高强度钢点焊接头的硬度分布情况和金相组织特性;采用扫描电镜探究了热成形高强度钢的点焊接头断口形貌特征.     

精冲-体积成形复合加工工艺及其应用

讨论了精冲-体积成形复合工艺的特点和分类,并通过一些典型案例阐述了精冲复合工艺设计中需要注意的问题,为这类零件的成形加工开辟了一条有效途径.     

大块非晶合金超塑性变形的研究现状与发展

文章对国内外非晶合金超塑性基本性能的研究工作进行了介绍和评述。根据材料成形工艺的要求,提出了非晶合金超塑性成形研究的内容。介绍了非晶合金超塑性拉伸实验和压缩实验的研究进展,分析了温度和成形速率对变形的影响,介绍了粘度的影响因素,对这些研究内容和热点问题进行了评述。展望了非晶合金超塑性研究的发展趋势,提出应加强非晶合金超塑性流动过程的理论研究。     

Kinetics of crystallization process for bulk glass forming Zr-base alloys

The crystallization kinetics of Zr₆₅Ni₁₀Cu_17.5Al_7.5 (alloy I) and Zr_52.5Ni_14.6Cu_17.9Al₁₀Ti₅ (alloy II) are investigated. Two-stage crystallization takes place during continuous heating of the glassy alloy I, resulting in the transformation of the glass to the metastable α-Zr-solid solution and Zr-base quasicrystals with an activation energy of 309 KJ/mol in the first-stage and the formation of Zr₂Cu compound and the stable α-Zr-solid solution with an activation energy of 227 KJ/mol in the second-stage. For alloy II, one-stage crystallization with an activation energy of 333 KJ/mol occurs during continuous heating of the glass, resulting in the formation of Zr₃Al and α-(Zr,Ti)-solid solution. Based on the DSC data and calculations, both the alloys go through with three stages of crystallization mechanism during isothermal annealing, i.e. (1) surface nucleation and growth, (2) three-dimensional nucleation and growth, and (3) crystal growth. The TEM observation on Zr_52.5Ni_14.6Cu_17.9Al₁₀Ti₅ alloy is in good agreement with the calculations.     

大口径厚壁管道热挤压成形过程微观组织模拟及实验研究

针对某型核能发电用P91大口径厚壁无缝管道进行了不同挤压比条件下的垂直正挤压成形过程缩比数值模拟,研究了管道微观组织在挤压过程中的演变规律。研究表明:挤压过程中金属温度场变化和局部变形速率对管道晶粒组织演变具有重要影响。相同工艺因素条件下,平均晶粒尺寸在轴向上从变形区到挤出端逐渐递增,而在径向上从管道内侧到外侧逐渐递减;管道内侧的动态再结晶百分数高于外侧;管道金属在轴向比径向有更高的动态再结晶发生率,且动态再结晶晶粒尺寸比径向更小。管道的平均晶粒尺寸随着挤压比的增加呈减小的趋势,挤压比越大,动态再结晶发生的越充分,越利于晶粒细化。进行了与数值模拟相配套的缩比挤压成形实验,并针对获得的样件分别进行了金相实验和晶粒度评定,所测得的平均晶粒尺寸变化规律与数值模拟基本吻合,证明了数值模拟的正确性,同时验证了增大挤压比对管道晶粒细化具有重要的促进作用。     

基于相变与回弹的热冲压成形冷却过程控制

回弹是影响高强度板热冲压成形精度的主要因素,通过22MnB5硼镁合金板热冲压成形实验,考察了冷却速率对回弹和相变的影响,提出了热冲压成形模具冷却系统设计相关的技术问题。研究表明,只有当冷却速度达到或超过临界冷却速度时,奥氏体才能直接转变为均匀马氏体;在模具结构、冷却系统、冷却介质等因素确定的情况下,可以通过控制冷却系统的水流速度,实现对最佳冷却速度的控制,消除热冲压成形中变形和回弹等缺陷,提高高强度板热冲压成形质量。     

电弧熔积-热轧复合成形件微观组织和性能研究

电弧成形金属件的组织形态直接影响其服役性能,对组织形态的控制是面向性能的直接制造中的重要一环。本文运用热轧辅助作用于直接成形过程,试验研究了热轧对堆焊件组织和性能的影响。分别在自由熔积和熔积-热轧的条件下,使用CHW-50C6低合金焊丝进行堆焊直接成形。对试样进行了显微硬度测试、金相组织分析、拉伸试验。试验数据对比结果显示:热轧促进树枝晶向等轴晶的转变、促成气孔排出、减少缺陷并促进晶粒细化,堆焊件的微观组织均得到改善,硬度和拉伸性能也得到了较大提高。     

板材充液热成形工艺成形极限预测研究

为了对充液热成形工艺下的金属板材成形极限进行预测研究,采用长轴直径为Φ100 mm,短轴直径分别为Φ100,Φ90,Φ80,Φ60和Φ40 mm的椭圆形胀形模具,在4个不同温度梯度为300℃,210℃,150℃和RT(常温),两个不同压力率0.0045和0.045 MPa·s-1条件下进行铝合金板材热态胀形试验.利用相关极限应变计算公式,对试验数据进行计算和整理,标绘出了试验材料拉-拉变形区的成形极限曲线.结合二次多项式曲线拟合方法,计算出了拟合函数中的材料常数,建立了可用于预测金属材料成形极限、标绘材料成形极限曲线(拉-拉变形区)、指导金属板材热态胀形试验的板材成形极限预测模型方程.     

Valuation method for effects of hot stamping process parameters on product properties using hot forming simulator

Hot stamping is one of the hot forming processes for manufacturing products of lightweight construction such as lightweight vehicles. Knowledge on the characteristics of the hot stamping process is significant in designing and optimizing the process conditions, dies and tools; however, until now, the characteristics of this process, such as the relationships between a product property and die temperature and between a product property and cooling rate, and the springback amount, have not been clarified consistently or precisely. A new valuation method used to measure the effects of hot stamping conditions on product properties as a function of process parameters is proposed in this paper. This method utilizes a hot forming simulator, which is a precision press with feedback temperature control and controlled cooling, and permits to know the various characteristics of the hot stamping process. Here, the basic construction of the proposed method is presented, and its application to the characterization of the hot stamping process of high-strength steel sheets, such as an evaluation of the changes in product properties upon varying the forming conditions and process parameters, is shown and discussed.     

火车车轮热成形金属流动规律数值模拟

借助商业有限元软件MSC/Superform,数值模拟了火车车轮锻压热成形过程.利用节点跟踪功能研究金属质点流动规律.研究结果表明,轮坯金属质点对应于钢坯中原始位置,轮坯压制辐板内外侧面金属来自钢坯上下端角部,钢坯柱形外侧面金属呈环状流向轮坯轮辋周边,轮坯辐板和轮辋心部金属来自钢坯径向正中部位,钢坯径向内环区域金属形成轮坯轮毂心部,钢坯轴心区域金属形成轮坯冲块.数值模拟结果与物理模拟相吻合.     

多点压机成形与多道次多点模具成形的数值模拟研究

变形路径对于板材的成形质量有着重要的影响。多点压机成形和多道次多点模具成形充分利用多点成形的柔性特点,实现了对板材变形路径的控制。文章通过有限元数值模拟研究了这两种成形方式各自的特点和规律,并进行了比较。结果表明,多点压机成形和多道次多点模具成形,都能够优化板材变形路径,使变形均匀,有效地抑制起皱,提高板材变形能力。在同样条件下,多点压机方式好于多道次成形,但当多道次成形道次逐渐增多时,成形质量接近于多点压机成形。多点压机成形是理想化的成形方式,但设备造价昂贵,多道次多点模具成形可以近似实现多点压机成形效果。     

混合式球罐散装法组焊技术

目前，世界各国球形容器主要结构形式有桔瓣式、足球瓣式、混合式三种，以桔瓣式结构应用最广。20世纪80年代末以来，一些先进国家在大型球形容器中广泛采用混合式结构，它具有结构新颖、球罐单块球壳板尺寸较大、材料利用率明显提高、焊缝与桔瓣式球罐相比较少、焊缝总长减少、使焊接和无损检测量减少、降低成本、球罐质量与安全性能得以提高等诸多优点，中国近年来也采用了这种新结构，并有以混合式球罐逐渐替代桔瓣式球罐的趋势，从某公司近五年施工的球罐总数来看，几乎全是混合式球罐。     

气电立焊熔深形成过程分析

分析了气电立焊熔深的形成途径，得出熔深是通过熔池同侧壁母材对流热传递形成的结论，通过对熔深形成过程的具体测定，探讨了焊接工艺参数对熔深的影响规律。     

斯太尔转向节热挤压成形工艺数值模拟

运用三维弹塑性有限元法对斯太尔转向节热挤压成形过程进行了数值模拟分析,获得了热挤压成形的载荷和行程的关系曲线,应力、应变和温度的分布信息。在设定工艺参数的情况下,通过模拟结果分析比较得出不同工艺对转向节成形的影响,揭示了热挤压成形过程中的金属流动规律。为实际生产所用工艺方案提供了理论依据。