Preparation and characterization of calcium aluminate by chemical synthesis

Saturated Ca（OH）2 and AlCl3 solutions were used to synthesize calcium aluminate hydrate precipitates at room temperature; high purity calcium aluminate powders with stable phases were made by calcination of the precursors at a temperature as low as 1100℃. PSD and BET analysis revealed the particles with sizes ranging from submicrometer to several micrometers and with a specific area of 13 m^2/g. The measurement of hydraulic exotherm revealed that the exothennal rate is in peak for about 2 h. The exothermal quantities are 449.24 J/g at 12 h and 488.38 J/g at 24 h. Its strength development is quick and the 1 day curing strength is almost equal to 100% of the 3 days curing strength in the mortar test.     

Crystallization kinetics of lithium aluminum germanium phosphate glass by DSC technique

The crystallization kinetics of Li2O-Al2O3-GeO2-P2O5 (LAGP) glass fabricated via the conventional melt-quenching method was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) under non-isothermal condition at different heating rates. The activation energy of glass transition Eg is 634.4 kJ/mol, indicating that LAGP glass is easy to crystallize at an elevated temperature. The activation energy of crystallization Ec and Avrami index n obtained from Matusita’s model are 442.01 kJ/mol and 1.7, respectively. The value of n reveals that bulk crystallization predominates slightly over surface crystallization during crystallization process. LAGP glass-ceramics after different heat treatments have the same crystalline phases determined as major phase LiGe2(PO4)3, with AlPO4 and GeO2 as their impurity phases.     

CBT/PA6共混物等温及非等温结晶动力学

利用溶液共混法制备了尼龙6(PA6)/对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(CBT)的共混物,研究了PA6和CBT/PA6体系粘度随温度的变化、结晶形态以及等温和非等温结晶动力学。流变结果表明,CBT的加入可以明显降低PA6的粘度。DSC结果表明:等温结晶时,加入CBT后,PA6的Avrami指数n、t1/2、tmax均降低,结晶速率G提高;非等温结晶时,共混物的Jeziorny指数n有所降低,相比于PA6,结晶速率加快。POM结果表明:CBT的加入能有效地增加PA6的成核密度。可见CBT有望成为PA6结晶过程促进剂。     

Thermodynamics and kinetics of calcium sulphoaluminate

The formation process of calcium suphoaluminate(C4A3S) was investigated by the X-ray diffraction technique and then the thermodynamics was analyzed, finally the kinetics of which was studied by SC-132. XRD results show that the formation of C4A3S is accomplished in three different kinds of ways: one is by solid reaction of Ca (OH)2/ CaO, Al2O3 and CaSO4, other two ways are through such interstitial products as CaO·Al2O3 and CaO·2Al2O3. The formation thermodynamics shows that C4A3S begins to form at 900 ℃-1 000 ℃ and increases as temperature rising; the quantity of reaches the highest at 1 300 ℃-1 350 ℃ and then falls at >1350℃. Kinetics study shows that the formation rate of C4A3S can be described as first-order kinetics at high temperature, and it belongs to the random nucleation growth mechanism. The apparent activation energy is 456.37 kJ·mol-1 and pre-exponential factor is 1.545×1012.     

Alkaline treatment kinetics of calcium phosphate by piezoelectric quartz crystal impedance

Calcium phosphate film was prepared by electrochemical deposition technology. Subsequently, the alkaline treatment process of calcium phosphate film in 0.1 mol/L NaOH solution was monitored on real time by the piezoelectric quartz crystal impedance (PQCI) technique. The variations of morphology and composition for the alkaline treatment products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The dynamic variations of calcium phosphate can be characterized by the change of equivalent circuit parameters. The results show that the forming process of hydroxyapatite (HA) is composed of three stages: (1) acidic calcium phosphate dissolution; (2) phase transformation; and (3) HA formation. Furthermore, the correlative kinetic equations and parameters are obtained by fitting the static capacitance (C _s)—time curves. Foundation item: Project(2005CB623901) supported by the Major State Basic Research and Development Program of China     

Effect of Ga<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> on structure and properties of calcium aluminate glasses

The effect of Ga₂O₃ on the structure and properties of calcium aluminate glasses fabricated by vacuum melting process was investigated by Raman spectrum, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and infrared spectrum methods. The results show that calcium aluminate glass network only consists of [AlO₄] tetrahedral units. With the gradual addition of Ga₂O₃, the quantity of [GaO₄] tetrahedral units increases. Substitution of Ga₂O₃ for Al₂O₃ results in a decrease in T _g T _x, and T _p, and an increase in the thermal stable index ΔT. Similarly, the absorption band around 3.0 μm obviously reduces and the transparency in 4.0-6.0 μm rapidly increases with increasing Ga₂O₃ content. However, the chemical stability of calcium aluminate glasses decreases if Ga₂O₃ is introduced due to the increasing of [GaO₄] units in the glass network.     

Al 脱氧弹簧钢钙处理过程中铝酸钙硫化物析出热力学分析

通过钢液与夹杂物间的热力学平衡计算,对Al脱氧弹簧钢钙处理过程中铝酸钙硫化物的析出行为进行热力学分析,探讨[Al]、[Ca]、[S]浓度和钢液温度对Al2O3夹杂物变性行为的影响。结果表明,1600℃钢液温度下,w[Al]＝0．03％时,Al2O3生成为低熔点12CaO ·7Al2O3时的 w[Ca]＞0．0034％,其值随钢液温度降低而减小,随铝含量增大而增大。CaS析出时的临界钙含量随钢液温度降低而显著减小,当w [S ]＜0．005％时,w[Ca]随w[S]变化而显著变化。要使钢中夹杂物控制在低熔点12CaO ·7Al2O3区域,需控制w [S]＜0．0037％,该值随钢液温度的降低或铝含量的增大而减小。     

Model of apparent crystal growth rate and kinetics of seeded precipitation from sodium aluminate solution

1INTRODUCTION Seededprecipitationfromsupersaturatedsodi umaluminatesolutionisacrucialstepintheBayer processfortheproductionofaluminafromdigested bauxite,whichisphysico chemistryprocessinvol vingsecondarynucleation,agglomerationandcrys talgrowthetc[14].Thecrystalgrowthisthees sentialapproachtothetransferofalumiumhy droxide(Al(OH)3)fromliquidtosolidphasedur ingseededprecipitation,whichvitallyaffectsthe precipitationratioandproductsize.Manyre searchersassumedthatthecrystalgrowthof Al(OH)3w…     

Effect of calcium aluminate cement variety on the hydration of portland cement in blended system

Two kinds of CACs with different monocalcium aluminate（CA） contents were used in the PC/CAC（PAC） mixtures. Effects of CA and CACs on the properties of PAC were analyzed by setting times and the compressive strength tests, and also by means of calorimetry, XRD, DTA-TG and ESEM. The experimental results show that the compressive strength of the PAC mortars decreases with increasing content of CAC while it declines sharply with a higher content of CA in CAC. Compared with neat PC paste, the content of calcium hydroxide in hydrates of PAC paste decreases significantly, and the hydration time of PC is prominently prolonged. Additionally, the higher the content of CA in CAC, the more obviously the hydration of PC is delayed, confi rming that the CA phase in CAC plays an important role in the delay of PC hydration.     

烟气脱硫中间产物亚硫酸钙的宏观反应动力学

以硫酸锰为催化剂,通过改变pH、亚硫酸钙浓度、催化剂浓度、空气流量、温度等条件,实验研究了亚硫酸钙催化氧化的宏观反应动力学,得到总反应速率与空气流量成正比,对于亚硫酸钙浓度为0.75级响应,对于硫酸锰浓度为零级响应的结果。建立了适合工况条件的数学模型,结合实验结果可以推断,总反应速率受氧扩散传质和亚硫酸钙溶解共同控制,从而为湿式脱硫工艺的改进提供理论参考。     

（dienH3）2P2Mo5O23的非等温热解动力学研究

采用非等温TG-DSC技术,在5.0、10.0、15.0和20.0 K·min-1不同线性升温条件下,研究了钼磷超分子化合物(dienH3)2P2Mo5O23的热解动力学;并用微分法和积分法相结合的方法,推断了其热解过程的最可能机理函数.结果表明,该分解过程分为两个阶段分解第一阶段活化能随转化率的增加而下降,分解第二阶段活化能随分解率的增加而增大.分解过程的最可能机理为随机成核和随后生长机理,动力学方程符合Avrami-Erofeev方程(n=3/4),其表观活化能为162.79 kJ·mol-1,指前因子为1.7×1014 s-1.     

(dienH3)2P2Mo5O23的非等温热解动力学研究

采用非等温TG-DSC技术,在5.0、10.0、15.0和20.0 K·min-1不同线性升温条件下,研究了钼磷超分子化合物(dienH3)2P2Mo5O23的热解动力学;并用微分法和积分法相结合的方法,推断了其热解过程的最可能机理函数.结果表明,该分解过程分为两个阶段:分解第一阶段活化能随转化率的增加而下降,分解第二阶段活化能随分解率的增加而增大.分解过程的最可能机理为随机成核和随后生长机理,动力学方程符合Avrami-Erofeev方程(n=3/4),其表观活化能为162.79 kJ·mol-1,指前因子为1.7×1014 s-1.     

湿法烟气脱硫锰催化对亚硫酸钙氧化的影响

采用机械搅拌槽式反应器,研究了湿法烟气脱硫环境下锰催化对亚硫酸钙氧化的影响.模拟实验得出湿法烟气脱硫环境下亚硫酸钙的锰离子三相催化氧化遵循并行反应机理,锰离子的催化氧化反应对Mn2+浓度是0.5级.浆液量浓度小时,反应速率受锰离子浓度控制,而不是非催化氧化受亚硫酸钙溶解速率的控制.反应器内pH值为5.0、浆液量浓度＞50 mol/m3时,Mn2+催化作用不增强氧化反应速率.反应器内pH值为5.5、浆液浓度＞55 mol/m3时,1 mol/m3的Mn2+催化作用使亚硫酸钙的氧化从非催化氧化的受溶解度控制转变为受氧的扩散传质的控制.     

Effects of MgO content and CaO/Al_2O_3 ratio on surface tension of calcium aluminate refining slag

Surface tension of calcium aluminate refining slag was measured by the Slide method at 1823 K.Based on different levels of the MgO content and the mass ratio of CaO to Al_2O_3,the effects of MgO content and the mass ratio of CaO to Al_2O_3 on surface tension were investigated.The results indicate that surface tension decreased with increasing MgO content(from 0 to 4.86%),followed by an increase with further increasing MgO content up to 11.33%.The trend that surface tension changed with the mass ratio of CaO to Al_2O_3 was the same as the trend that surface tension changed with the MgO content.The surface tension was varied from 0.617 N/m to 0.710 N/m,for the mass ratio of CaO to Al_2O_3 varying between 0.60 and 1.28.An attempt was made to estimate surface tension of CaO-Al_2O_3-MgO slag and its sub-system,and the application showed that the model worked well.     

Na_2SO_4掺杂含MgO铝酸钙熟料矿相转变及稳定性能

为了系统研究升温制度、降温制度、烧结温度和烧结时间对Na2SO4掺杂含MgO铝酸钙熟料的物相转变及化学稳定性能的影响规律,以MgO、CaCO_3、SiO_2、Al_2O_3和Na_2SO_4为原料,采用高温烧结和Na_2CO_3溶液标准溶出方法进行相关研究.结果表明,快速升温能抑制硫元素的挥发,促进11CaO·7Al_2O_3·CaS的生成.快速降温有利于11CaO·7Al_2O_3·CaS的稳定存在,从而强化熟料中氧化铝的浸出性能.在最佳烧结条件下烧结温度为1 350℃,烧结时间为30 min,升温速度和降温速度均为15℃·min-1,此时熟料的物相为11CaO·7Al_2O_3·CaS和2CaO·SiO_2.     

连续结晶法合成对甲苯磺酸

将甲苯和浓硫酸的反应液采出被水冷却,析出对甲基苯磺酸,而间位和邻位2种异构物留在滤液中,过滤出产品后,滤液送往反应液中继续反应,此种连续结晶耦合技术优化了工艺条件。结果表明,对甲苯磺酸合成的最佳工艺条件为n(甲苯)∶n(浓硫酸)=1.2∶1,反应温度112℃,析出晶体时的温度为80℃,q(采出液):q(水)=10∶1。在此条件下,产品纯度大于98%,收率可达90%以上。     

Mechanical properties and microstructure of sulfur aluminate cement composites reinforced by multi-walled carbon nanotubes

The effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the mechanical properties and microstructure of sulfur aluminate cement (SAC) composites was investigated. The dispersed MWCNTs were added into SAC in various weight contents.The results of mechanical properties of the MWCNTs/SAC composites indicated that the addition of 0.08 wt% MWCNTs can improve the SAC compressive strength, flexural strength, and bend-press ratio by 15.54%, 52.38%, and 31.30% at maximum, respectively. The degree of SAC hydration and porosity and pore size distribution of the matrix were measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis (TG/DTG), and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). Results show that the addition of MWCNTs in SAC composites can promote the hydration of SAC and the formation of C-S-H gel, reduce the porosity and refine the pore size distribution of the matrix. The microstructure was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). It is found that the MWCNTs have been dispersed homogeneously between the hydration products of SAC paste and act as bridges and networks between cracks and voids, which prevents the development of the cracks and transfers the load.     

用层式熔融结晶法提纯人造麝香DDHI

采用层式熔融结晶技术对麝香DDHI进行分离提纯,随着结晶时间的延长,结晶层厚度增加,晶体层纯度增大,结晶2h后,纯度变化缓慢,固液两相趋于平衡。随着结晶管内温度提高,晶体纯度也越高,而晶体层厚度变薄,在98.5℃时,纯度可达99.5 %。管外熔融液温度对结晶过程的影响不大。通过实验数据回归出了结晶过程的操作平衡方程:结晶平衡线Xcc=exp[(Tc+175 3.8) / 4 0 2 .6 8],母液平衡线Xm=exp[(Tc+6 90 .0 ) / 172 .2 ]。回归数据与实验结果误差较小,可用于工程设计。     

气泡结晶法精制对二氯苯的研究

本文介绍了气泡结晶法的原理及特点，运用该法从氯苯生产副产品混和二氯苯中分离提纯出纯度＞９９．５％的对二氯笨，并确定了分离级数及各级工艺条件。     

有色金属分步结晶精炼的热力学

从金属分步结晶精炼的基本概念出发，用键参数结合已有热力学数据讨论了金属分步结晶精炼的晶体结构、固溶体、形核与晶核长大等问题。分析了金属分步结晶精炼的热力学特点。在缺乏热力学数据的情况下，可用键参数来预测某元素在金属结晶精炼时的走向。