一种基于频谱脸和Fisherface的人脸识别新方法

频谱脸方法主要是采用二维小波变换和傅立叶变换。因为人脸图像的低频部分对人脸的表情变化是不敏感的,所以对人脸图像使用二维小波变换,提取人脸图像的低频部分。再对人脸图像的低频部分使用傅立叶变换,从而获得原人像的一个低维空间的表达。但是频谱脸特征维数仍然较高,所以在频谱脸法的基础上继续提取人脸频谱图像的Fisherface特征,降低特征的维数,提高识别效率。利用ORL人脸库进行了实验,实验结果表明该识别系统具有较好的识别能力。     

一种特征脸分析和小波变换相结合的人脸识别方法

摘要：提出一种特征脸分析和小波变换相结合的人脸识别方法(Eigenface wavelet transform)，利用小波变换对人脸图像进行分解，然后对低频分量和中频平均分量分别运用特征脸分析构造“特征子空间”，并做空间投影分别求得两个分量的相似度矩阵，最后使用它们的加权矩阵来判决识别。该方法综合利用了特征脸分析高效、准确的优点和小波变换多分辨率、多尺度的特点，合理使用两次加权增加了结果的可信度，实验表明它既能大量减少计算量，又具有更高的识别率。     

在频谱直方图中应用DT-CWT的人脸检测技术

提出了一种利用双树-复小波变换（DT-CWT）构成频谱直方图并通过支持向量机（SVM）进行人脸检测的方法。在人脸图像的表示中,基于DT-CWT在不同尺度上具有的很好方向选择性,对原始图像滤波,并与其它滤波器卷积滤波后得到原始图像的不同频率特征一起构成频谱直方图,该直方图在图像的表示上具有很好的本质扩展性。通过支持向量机（SVM）对频谱直放图向量进行分类训练,得到了有效区分人脸与非人脸的分类函数。实验显示,DT-CWT具有与Gabor变换类似的性质,而且计算冗余度更小,计算速度更快。应用DT-CWT频谱直方图的人脸检测算法取得了令人满意的结果。     

结合2DWT和Fisherfaces的人脸特征提取新方法

针对人脸表情变化对人脸识别的影响,提出一种结合小波变换(DWT)、特征脸方法(PCA)和线性判别法(LDA)的人脸特征提取新方法.首先将人脸图像通过二维小波变换(2DWT)提取其低频分量,然后将低频图像经过PCA变换映射到一个低维空间,最后在低维空间中利用LDA方法进行人脸特征的提取.通过此方法,采用ORL人脸库和Yale人脸库进行测试,我们可实现更准确的特征提取,并有效解决表情变化对人脸识别的影响问题.实验结果显示,本文方法在提高人脸识别率的同时,也提高了人脸识别速度.     

基于小波变换和多分类器的人脸识别方法

现在已有许多特征用于人脸识别，而不同的特征反映了图像的不同特性。因此，结合多个特征，使用多分类器来进行分类可以提高识别率。文中在对原始图像进行小波变换预处理的基础上，抽取本征脸特性的奇异值特征，并利用对应着两类特征的多分类器进行分类。利用ORL人脸库进行了实验，实验结果证明了所提方法的有效性。     

基于最大值-均值的改进的频谱脸算法

给出了一种基于最大值-均值的改进的频谱脸的人脸识别算法。为了提高识别性能，要求每个用户在注册时使用多张图像。这样在识别阶段就面临一个如何对待人脸库中每一个用户的多个不同的频谱特征的问题。为了解决这一问题，采用了一种称之为最大值一均值的判决方法。同时根据实验结果，选择了其它的小波来进行图像分解。实验表明，这种改进后的频谱脸算法的识别性能要优于原来的频谱脸算法。     

基于小波域与本征脸的人脸识别研究

本文提出了一种快速识别人脸的方法,把小波变换应用到本征脸法中。先利用小波变换对人脸图像进行分解,然后对低频分量运用本征脸分析构造本征脸子空间,该方法既减少了计算量,又具有较高的识别率,提高了识别性能。     

基于二元树复小波特征表示的人脸识别方法

二元树复小波变换（DTCWT）具备近似平移不变、多方向选择、完全重构和高效计算等优点，适合于人脸特征提取。提出了一种新的基于二元树复小波变换的人脸特征表示方法，用二维DTCWT提取了人脸图像不同尺度、位置和方向的局部特征，并用多尺度多方向的信息生成DTCWT人脸特征图。实验证明了DTCWT人脸特征表示方法提取了最具可判别性的人脸特征，获取了高识别率和泛化能力，优于其他特征表示方法。     

基于小波变换的加权特征脸识别算法*

针对人脸识别中难以克服的表情影响,提出了一种基于小波变换的加权特征脸识别方法.本方法先对人脸图像进行小波分解,有效地将原图像降维,然后让各个子图像并行进行特征脸识别,最后通过加权排序得到识别结果.通过在Striling人脸库中进行实验,表明利用本方法进行人脸识别大大提高了识别率同时减少了计算量.     

二阶分块PCA的人脸特征提取方法研究

为了提取更为有效的鉴别特征,在已有的二阶特征脸方法和分块主成分分析(PCA)方法上,提出了二阶分块PCA人脸特征提取方法.该方法对原始人脸图像和经重建得到的剩余图像分别运用分块PCA,将提取的一阶和二阶特征线性组合为一个特征矩阵,再进行分类识别.此特征能更充分反映人脸图像的低频和高频特性.采用ORL人脸库和FERET人脸库的实验结果表明该二阶分块PCA正确识别率优于普通分块PCA算法,具有较强的特征提取能力.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.