准基模纯风冷激光二极管泵浦Nd∶YAG激光器

介绍一种纯风冷激光二极管泵浦的脉冲Nd∶YAG激光器,单脉冲能量250mJ,重复频率25Hz,脉冲宽度7ns,光光转换效率13.6%。激光器输出为准基模,垂直和水平方向的M2值测量结果分别为2.81和4.09。同样结构下将风冷系统换成风冷水冷结合方式,激光器脉冲能量345mJ,重复频率提高到50Hz,光光转换效率上升为15.2%。两种形式的激光器连续工作时间5min,并进行了高温+55℃和低温-25℃的环境试验。     

Tunable single-frequency diode-pumped,intracavity-doubled,traveling-wave Nd:YAG and Yb:YAG lasers

Single-frequency traveling-wave Nd:YAG and Yb:YAG lasers combining the functions of intracavity second harmonic generation and birefringent filter on one nonlinear crystal are discussed. The lasers were developed for spectroscopy and metrology applications. Output characteristics and spectral tuning ranges of the lasers are presented.     

Surface texturing by pulsed Nd:YAG laser

Introducing specific textures on a tribological surface can contribute to friction reduction in sliding contacts. In the present paper, a pulsed Nd:YAG laser emitting at 1064 nm, was used against 100Cr6 steel samples in order to produce well-defined surface micro-pores, which can act as lubricant reservoirs, micro-hydrodynamic bearings as well as traps for wear debris. Due to the high flexibility of the laser system, structural features such as shape, size, density and depth can be varied easily by changing the laser parameters. To optimize the parameters of the laser surface texturing process, an investigation was performed using different pulse numbers, various pulse energies and two different modes (single- and multi-mode). The microtextures were characterized with optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and by topography techniques. The relationship between the laser processing parameters and qualitative and quantitative profile of the micro-pores was studied. Tribological testing of laser textured surfaces was performed in a low frequency–long displacement reciprocating sliding wear tester under boundary lubrication and results compared to un-textured case. Tribological comparison of textured, textured and lapped, and untextured surfaces shows only minimal influence of texturing for contact conditions investigated.     

垂直腔面发射激光端面泵浦的高能量调Q Nd:YAG激光

采用垂直腔面发射激光端面泵浦Nd∶YAG获得了高能量的1 064 nm调Q激光输出。与边发射半导体激光相比,垂直腔面发射激光具有各向发散角相同、波长随温度漂移小等优点,更适合用作泵浦源以产生高效率、结构紧凑的激光。泵浦能量为200 mJ时,产生了最高45 mJ的1 064 nm激光输出,光光转换效率达到22.5%,激光脉宽为8 ns,发散角为1.2 mrad。基于模拟计算优化了Nd3+掺杂浓度,通过采用低浓度的Nd∶YAG晶体减小泵浦端面增益,从而有效抑制了影响调Q激光能量提高的自激振荡,为获得高能量的端面泵浦调Q激光输出提供了有效的技术手段。     

染料调Q的Nd3+:YAG激光器偏振性测试

为了确定染料调Q的Nd3+:YAG激光器发射的单次激光脉冲的偏振性,利用偏振分束立方体和双通道激光能量计,实验测量了激光脉冲经偏振分束后P偏振光和S偏振光的能量比,分析总结了激光器的偏振性.结果表明:激光器偏振性个体差异很大,不存在统一性;每一台激光器都有各自的偏振性,同一台激光器前后发射的激光脉冲的偏振性可能一致,也可能变化较小,也可能完全随机.产生偏振性的具体原因有待进一步研究.     

Pulsed Nd:YAG laser treatment of monocrystalline silicon substrate

To minimize reflection and increase the opportunity for photovoltaic (PV) devices to absorb incident light, we produced rough-textured surfaces using a pulsed Nd:YAG laser. We investigated the effect of various operating parameters on surface features and optical performance. The parameters investigated were pulse repetition frequency, pulse energy, and textured surface exposure time. Following laser surface treatment, no chemical solution etching or anti-reflective coatings were necessary. Reflectance values were measured by spectrophotometer. Structural properties including surface morphology and surface roughness of the textured surfaces were analyzed by a three-dimensional confocal laser scanning microscope. The resulting surface reflection curves indicated that, of the different laser machining paths, the vertical and circular paths produced identical optical properties in the samples. Surface reflection values decrease as the pulse energy and exposure times increase. By contrast, surface roughness increases with exposure time. An increase in pulse frequency reduces surface roughness, although the extent of the reduction depends upon the pulse energy. Following surface texturing of the monocrystalline silicon samples, the total reflection was reduced from 40% to approximately 10% of incident light. Our experimental results indicate that the rougher surfaces attained by laser surface treatment provide better light-trapping properties for PV devices.     

Development of controlled Nd:YAG laser for medical applications

Several medical fields are concerned with applications of thermal lasers such as neodymium-doped, yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG), argon, and CO2. However, quantification of the necrotic volume of Nd:YAG laser-induced damage is not possible at the time of treatment. Mathematic models and feedback control can help to optimize Nd:YAG laser treatments. We therefore formulated mathematic models for coagulation processes and developed an intelligent Nd:YAG laser system with closed-loop feedback control. Surface temperature evolution proved to be valuable data for real-time control of coagulation and ablation. Infrared thermometry provided the noncontact measurement of temperature. A computer stored the temperature data calculated by the mathematic model. Deviations of surface temperature during the treatment beyond established tolerances causes the Nd:YAG laser system to adjust the laser power automatically.     

量子阱二极管泵浦的Nd:YVO4/Cr:YAG高重复率被动调Q激光器

量子阱二极管端面泵浦的Nd:YVO₄激光器中,采用Cr:YAG作为可饱和吸收体,获得了1.06μm的高重复率被动调Q脉冲激光输出.在吸收泵浦功率528.3mW时,输出脉冲能量0.19μJ,宽度32ns,脉冲重复率达158.7kHz.     

Experimental analysis on Nd:YAG laser micro-turning of alumina ceramic

Laser micro-turning is a micro-machining strategy to machine cylindrical workpiece of hard-to-process materials such as ceramics. Laser micro-turning method is in high demand in the present high-precision manufacturing industries because of its wide and potential uses in various engineering fields such as automobile, electronics, aerospace, and biomedical applications, etc. In the present research, the experimental analysis of Nd:YAG laser micro-turning of cylindrical-shaped ceramic material has been made to explore the desired laser output responses, i.e., depth of cut and surface roughness by varying laser micro-turning process parameters such as lamp current, pulse frequency, and laser beam scanning speed. Single laser beam has been utilized for successful micro-turning operation. Experimental results revealed that the laser machining process parameters have great influences for achieving desired laser micro-turned depth and surface roughness characteristics during laser micro-turning of alumina ceramics. SEM and optical photographs have also been analyzed for better understanding of the laser micro-turning process for different parametric settings.     

厚硅片的高速激光切片研究

基于激光切片原理的分析,给出了厚硅片的高速激光切片方法,采用平凸腔补偿工作物质的热透镜效应,利用Nd∶YAG棒本身的自孔径选模作用,获得了光束质量因子M²等于4.19的50 W 1.064 μm激光输出。选取合适的扩束倍数、重复频率和出气孔直径,当切割0.75 mm厚的硅片时,切片速度达400 mm/min;当切割两层叠放的0.75 mm厚的硅片时,切片速度达到100 mm/min。切片的切口光滑,切缝较窄,重复精度高,切片质量好,达到用传统方法难以达到的切片效果。     

The laser dressing of resin-bonded CBN wheels by a Q-switched Nd: YAG laser

Resin-bonded cubic boron nitride (CBN) grinding wheels are widely used in industry due to their good grinding ability. There is, therefore, a need to find a good method suitable for the dressing of these wheels. This paper presents a new method dressed by an acoustic-optic Q-switched Nd: YAG laser based on thermal interaction, which is unlike the conventional mechanical dressing methods based on force interaction. The mechanism of the selective removal of the bond was analysed. Experiments of a single pulse ablation on the resin bond and the CBN grains, and the laser dressing of resin-bonded CBN wheels with different dressing parameters have been carried out. The grinding force has been compared for the conventional mechanical dressed wheel and the laser dressed wheel. It is shown that the resin-bonded CBN grinding wheel is suitable for an acoustic-optic Q-switched Nd: YAG laser dressing with radial irradiation, which is better than a continuous wave (CW) laser dressing with radial irradiation and conventional mechanical dressing methods.     

Fabrication of polycrystalline diamond microtool using a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser

A Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (1,064 nm, 100 ns) was used to machine 2?×?1.5?×?0.5-mm rhombus-shaped tool inserts from a 60?×?0.5-mm circular disk of polycrystalline diamond. A systematic experimental study was undertaken to examine the effects of pulse repetition rate, feed rate, and number of laser passes on kerf, material removal rate, recast layer, surface morphology, and surface roughness. The optimal laser parameters for generating two-dimensional tool profiles were an average power of 3 W, a pulse repetition rate of 2 kHz, a feed rate of 1 mm/s, and a total of 45 laser passes. The beneficial results were a material removal rate of 0.02 mm³/min, kerf width of 27 μm, cutting edge radius of 6 μm, and surface roughness (Ra) of 0.625 μm. Recast layer formation, undulations, and striations were observed in the laser-cut regions. These features were attributed to the presence of a molten layer of cobalt binder, and amorphous carbon and graphite transitioned from diamond. An intriguing feature is the presence of fine particulate matter ranging in size from nanometers to a few micrometers in the laser-cut regions. It is believed that phase transition of diamond and cobalt during laser machining created thermal expansion mismatch stresses sufficient to fracture the solid into fine fragments.     

应用Nd∶YAG激光加工连杆初始裂解槽

为改善连杆裂解槽加工精度和质量,进而提高裂解连杆的成品率,通过试制两种连杆产品,确定了激光加工参数。采用Nd∶YAG固体激光器对两种类型的连杆进行了裂解槽激光加工试验,分析了采用不同切割参数加工的裂解槽质量,并对激光切割参数进行了优化。结果表明:激光峰值功率、离焦量、切割速度、脉冲频率、辅助气体压力、激光入射角等对裂解槽的加工质量均有很大的影响,其中激光峰值功率2.4kW,脉冲时间0.4ms时,切槽深度为0.453～0.457mm,当脉冲频率与切割速度比值约为3,在非正离焦量状态下,所加工的裂解槽对连杆的裂解非常有利,能够满足M0406连杆的裂解质量要求。     

Analysis of pulsed Nd:YAG laser welding of AISI 304 steel

Pulsed laser welding of AISI 304 stainless steel plate was simulated using commercial finite element software to determine the optimal welding conditions. Due to geometric symmetry, only one plate was modeled to reduce the simulation computation time. User subroutines were created to account for a moving three-dimensional heat source and to apply boundary conditions. The material properties such as conductivity, specific heat, and mass density were determined as functions of temperature. The latent heat was considered within the given temperature range. The three-dimensional heat source model for pulsed laser beam butt welding was designed by comparing the finite element analysis results and experimental data. This successful simulation of pulsed Nd:YAG laser welding for AISI 304 stainless steel will prove useful for determining optimal welding conditions.     

Microstructural and tribological study of Nd:YAG laser treated titanium plates

In this work, the fretting behaviour of pure Ti plates laser treated with a Nd:YAG pulsed laser was compared to that of untreated Ti plates. Fretting tests were done at room temperature without lubrication. The contact geometry was a cylinder (bearing steel) on a plane. The evolution of both the ratio, μ=Q/P, between the normal and the tangential forces, and the Fouvry's energy criterion (A) were recorded as a function of the number of fretting cycles, N. Energy dispersive spectrometry and micro-Raman spectroscopy were used to analyse the fretting scars. The oxidized layer formed by the laser treatment displayed a mixed slip regime as a function of N, and a smaller fretting coefficient μ than the titanium reference.     

小型化单横模单纵模激光二极管泵浦Nd∶YAG激光器

在需要利用光的相干性的场合,如倍频、光参量振荡、全息以及光束的相干合成等对激光器输出的线宽有严格的要求,这时就需要对纵模进行选择。介绍一种小型化单横模单纵模激光二极管泵浦Nd∶YAG激光器,单脉冲能量3.6mJ,重复频率200Hz,脉冲宽度16ns,单横模、单纵模运转。该激光器采用谐振反射器和腔内倾斜标准具对纵模进行选择,试验结果与理论计算比较吻合。该激光器可用作窄脉宽高能激光器的种子源。     

Numerical analysis of Nd:YAG pulsed laser polishing CVD self-standing diamond film

Chemical vapor deposited(CVD) diamond film has broad application foreground in high-tech fields.But polycrystalline CVD self-standing diamond thick film has rough surface and non-uniform thickness that adversely affect its extensive applications.Laser polishing is a useful method to smooth self-standing diamond film.At present,attentions have been focused on experimental research on laser polishing,but the revealing of theoretical model and the forecast of polishing process are vacant.The paper presents a finite element model to simulate and analyze the mechanism of laser polishing diamond based on laser thermal conduction theory.The experimental investigation is also carried out on Nd:YAG pulsed laser smoothing diamond thick film.The simulation results have good accordance with the results of experimental results.The temperature and thermal stress fields are investigated at different incidence angles and parameters of Nd:YAG pulsed laser.The pyramidal-like roughness of diamond thick film leads to the non-homogeneous temperature fields.The temperature at the peak of diamond film is much higher than that in the valley,which leads to the smoothing of diamond thick film.The effect of laser parameters on the surface roughness and thickness of graphite transition layer is also carried out.The results show that high power density laser makes the diamond surface rapid heating,evaporation and sublimation after its graphitization.It is also found that the good polish quality of diamond thick film can be obtained by a combination of large incident angle,moderate laser pulsed energy,large repetition rate and moderate laser pulse width.The results obtained here provide the theoretical basis for laser polishing diamond film with high efficiency and high quality.     

一种由Nd:YAG构成的激光除垢实验设备

介绍了一种由NdYAG构成的激光除垢实验设备,分析了其主要的光学参数设计,对其功率密度进行了计算,判断其能满足激光清除硅片油脂的要求.     

LD泵浦腔内倍频Nd:YAG/LBO蓝光473nm激光器的低噪声运转

激光二极管（LD）泵浦腔内倍频Nd:YAG/LBO蓝光473nm激光器在不加入腔内特殊元件的情况下,往往倍频输出功率具有很大的高频噪声,即所谓的“蓝光问题”！这大大限制了473nm蓝色激光的应用！为了降低该激光器件倍频输出功率的高频噪声,采用了通过提高腔内基频光循环强度和缩短激光晶体以减小准三能级激光系统再吸收损耗的方法来实现473nm激光器的低噪声运转！实验中利用两个2W激光二极管耦合作为泵浦源及1.0mm厚的Nd:YAG材料作为激光晶体,在利用10mm长LBO材料作为倍频晶体的情况下,获得了输出功率为195mW的具有低噪声特性的473nm蓝光激光运转！实验结果表明：倍频输出功率（峰－峰值）/平均值小于1%！激光输出在1h内没有发生激光跳变现象发生并且无需腔内其它元件的引入。