Simultaneous detection of DNA from 10 food allergens by ligation-dependent probe amplification

The simultaneous detection of DNA from different allergenic food ingredients by a ligation-dependent probe amplification (LPA) system is described. The approach allows detection of several targets in a one-tube assay. Synthetic oligonucleotides were designed to detect DNA from peanuts, cashews, pecans, pistachios, hazelnuts, sesame seeds, macadamia nuts, almonds, walnuts and brazil nuts. The specificity of the system was tested with DNA from more than 50 plant and animal species. The sensitivity of the method was suitable to detect allergenic ingredients in the low mg kg^?1 range. The limit of detection (LOD) for single allergens in different food matrices was 5 mg kg^?1. The novel analytical strategy represents a useful tool for the surveillance of established legislation on food allergens within the European Union.     

Quantitative,multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification for the determination of eight genetically modified maize events

Specific legislation in the EU requires that foods containing more than 0.9% of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) should be labelled. To this end, we have developed a robust, quantitative, sensitive, nine-plex ligation-dependent probe amplification method, GMO-MLPA, for event-specific detection of maize TC1507, MON810, NK603, MON863, BT176, T25, GA21, construct-specific detection of BT11, and detection of the endogenous hmga maize reference gene. Ligated probes are amplified by PCR. Amplicons are detected using capillary electrophoresis. Specific GMO signals are normalised relative to the signal from the endogenous hmga gene and quantified by comparing with known standard curves. The method is suitable for quantification in the 0–2% range. Agreement was obtained in 149 of 160 determinations when 11 known mixtures of GMO and 9 food and feed samples were analysed using the GMO-MLPA method and compared to results from quantitative real-time 5′-nuclease PCR. The presented method is, therefore, suitable for quantification purposes for food and feed containing the most common maize GMOs.     

Development of a modular system for detection of genetically modified organisms in food based on ligation-dependent probe amplification

The application of a method based on ligation-dependent probe amplification to the simultaneous detection of different genetically modified organisms in food is described. The ligation reaction of target-specific probes with characteristic lengths and universal primer binding sites is followed by PCR amplification using fluorescein-labeled primers. The separation and the detection of DNA fragments are achieved by capillary electrophoresis via laser-induced fluorescence. The approach allows the simultaneous detection of several targets corresponding to different levels of specificity in a one-tube assay. Synthetic oligonucleotides were designed to detect (1) reference genes in the genome from maize, soya and rapeseed, (2) the CaMV 35S-promotor as screening element, (3) the construct-specific 35S-pat junction, and (4) the event-specific regions of the transgenic maize line MON 810 and of Roundup Ready soya. Specificity and sensitivity (GMO content 0.1%) of the approach were shown for all targets. This novel analytical strategy represents a flexible, modular system for the surveillance of GMO-derived products that can be readily complemented by further target sequences of interest.     

含内标的多重实时PCR法同时检测空肠弯曲菌和结肠弯曲菌

目的建立含内标的多重实时荧光PCR法同时检测空肠弯曲菌和结肠弯曲菌。方法针对空肠弯曲菌特有hipO基因和结肠弯曲菌特有ceuE基因设计引物探针,设计并优化内标DNA添加量。测试了方法的特异性、灵敏度以及在鸡肉中的检出限。结果内标的最适添加量为10~4copies/PCR。所建立方法对空肠弯曲菌和结肠弯曲菌的灵敏度分别达到4.7copies/PCR和5.23copies/PCR;对115株空肠弯曲菌、49株结肠弯曲菌和42株非目标菌株在3种不同类型的实时荧光PCR仪上的特异性均达到100%;对鸡肉中空肠弯曲菌和结肠弯曲菌的检出限达到10CFU/25g,与传统检测方法一致。采用所建立的方法对50份市售生鲜鸡肉进行检测发现,空肠弯曲菌阳性率为12%(6/50),结肠弯曲菌阳性率为4%(2/50);传统国标检测方法除了1份空肠弯曲菌阳性样品未得到分离确认,其余PCR阳性样品均在平板上分离确认。结论该方法特异性强、灵敏度高、开放性好、含有内标可防止"假阴性",可应用于食品中2种重要致病性弯曲菌的快速同步检测。     

Simultaneous detection of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella by multiplex PCR in cooked ham

A multiplex PCR (m-PCR) assay with an internal amplification control (IAC) was developed for the simultaneous detection of Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes through invA and prfA genes, respectively. To ensure the detection of the pathogens in cooked ham, samples were enriched in both buffered peptone-water and Half Fraser broth. Subsequently, equal volumes of enrichment broths were mixed and DNA purification was performed prior to m-PCR reaction, saving considerable time and effort. The m-PCR also proved to be very useful as a simple and ready-to-go method for simultaneous confirmation of presumptive L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. colonies directly from agar plates without any DNA extraction steps.     

多重重组酶介导等温扩增技术检测食品中3种食源性致病菌

建立快速、灵敏的多重重组酶介导等温扩增方法（recombinase aided amplification,RAA）同时检测食品中的大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7、沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌。方法 根据大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7的rfbE基因、沙门氏菌的invA基因以及金黄色葡萄球菌的nuc基因的序列保守区域设计RAA特异性引物,筛选出最优的引物组合并优化各项实验条件;通过标准菌株验证方法特异性和灵敏度,并通过人工污染实验,验证方法在实际食品样本中的检测能力。结果 多重RAA方法最佳扩增温度为37℃,反应时间为50 min;方法特异性良好,仅对目标菌株存在特异性扩增条带,与其他常见食源性致病菌无交叉反应;方法对基因组DNA的检测灵敏度为0.10 ng/μL;方法对经过简单增菌的人工污染牛奶样本和牛肉干样本中目标菌株的检出限为100 CFU/mL。结论 本研究建立的多重RAA扩增方法具有特异性好、灵敏度高、检测通量高等优势,适用于多种场景下食品样本中3种食源性致病菌的快速检测。     

Ring trial validation of single and multiplex real-time PCR methods for the detection and quantification of the allergenic food ingredients sesame,almond, lupine and Brazil nut

The inter-laboratory (=ring-trial) validation of 4 food allergen quantification methods using real-time PCR is described. Three single real-time PCR methods for the specific detection and quantification of sesame, almond and Brazil nut were used. Additionally, a multiplex real-time PCR method combining the detection of sesame, almond, Brazil nut and lupine was tested in parallel. Matrix based calibrants (rice cookies) spiked (=incurred) with defined amounts of sesame, almond, lupine and Brazil nut were applied for quantitative evaluation. Cookies based upon wheat and rice flour as well as sauce hollandaise powder each incurred with these allergenic ingredients in the range of 10–123 milligram per kilogram were used as ring-trial samples. The lowest spike level of 10 mg/kg could reproducibly be detected by 6 of 7 PCR systems. In quantitative evaluation of the results, reproducibility standard deviations of approximately 50 % and below were obtained. In addition, the effect of the food matrix on allergen quantification was examined. The range of “recoveries” over all matrices and methods was from 43 to 109 %.     

环介导等温扩增技术快速检测食品中的耐热芽孢菌

针对食品中的好热黄无氧芽孢菌、嗜热脂肪地芽孢杆菌和凝结芽孢杆菌等耐热芽孢菌,以spo0A基因部分序列为靶基因,设计了一套引物,能够同时对这3种菌进行环介导等温扩增(LAMP)检测,扩增只需要60min。该法快速并具有良好的特异性,灵敏度可达到8cfu/mL,是普通PCR的10倍。DNaseI的使用与LAMP结合,可有效降解死菌游离DNA,消除其影响。结果表明,该方法用于奶粉及罐头制品中耐热芽孢菌的检测,具有灵敏度高、特异性强、检测速度快等优点,在食品微生物检测中拥有广阔的前景。     

环介导等温扩增技术快速检测食品过敏原牡蛎成分

目的建立环介导等温扩增(loop-mediated isothermal amplification, LAMP)方法快速检测食品中的过敏原牡蛎成分。方法根据国家生物技术信息中心的牡蛎线粒体序列,通过Primer Explorer version 5.0软件设计引物并筛选出LAMP特异性扩增引物。并进一步对反应体系优化,对该方法的灵敏度、特异性以及稳定性进行验证。对10种牡蛎阳性样品、14种阴性样品、4类牡蛎相关食品进行检测。结果该方法可以检测出含牡蛎成分0.1%, DNA浓度为0.01 ng/μL的样品。在实验时间上大幅缩短,反应可在25～45 min内结束,并且可以在微量体系下完成,对于食品相关产品的检出率为100%。结论该方法操作简单、成本较低、特异性高、灵敏度好,适用于食品中过敏原牡蛎成分的检测。     

Detection of allergenic substances in foods by a multiplex PCR method

A multiplex PCR (M-PCR) method was developed for the detection of DNAs of plant and three allergenic substances (wheat, buckwheat, and peanut) in foods. Genomic DNAs were extracted from allergenic substances with a commercial ion-exchange type kit. Four primer pairs suitable for the specific detection of plant DNA were designed to establish a M-PCR method detecting simultaneously the specific DNAs of plant and allergenic substances. Our four designed primer pairs and the primer pair described in the Japanese official method were applied to the specific detection of plant DNA. A primer pair of Plant01-5' and Plant01-3' (amplicon size; 161 bp) was the most suitable for the specific detection of plant DNA. M-PCR was performed to detect the specific DNAs of allergenic substances using four primer pairs, a pair of Plant01-5' and Plant01-3', and three pairs for allergenic components described in the Japanese official method. The four specific PCR bands were simultaneously amplified from genomic DNAs of allergenic substances. The proposed method is simple, rapid and inexpensive.     

荧光重组酶介导等温扩增快速检测食品中克罗诺杆菌属

目的 克罗诺杆菌属为乳制品及婴幼儿配方制品中常见污染的食源性致病菌,传统的培养法检测无法满足口岸大批量食品的快速检测要求。建立快速简便的荧光重组酶介导等温扩增法(recombinase-aided amplification, RAA)检测克罗诺杆菌属,以满足口岸快速通关及监管需要。方法 根据克罗诺杆菌属ompA 基因保守区设计特异性引物、探针,通过引物两两组合结合探针筛选出扩增效率及灵敏度最佳的引物组合,优化反应温度及引物探针浓度,确定最佳反应条件。将建立的荧光RAA法应用于食品基质及实际样品检测中,同时与国标GB 4789.40-2016进行比对验证。结果 克罗诺杆菌属荧光RAA最佳反应温度为39℃,最佳引物、探针终浓度均为400nmol/L。建立的荧光RAA法特异性强,纯菌灵敏度达到3×10_² CFU/ mL。加标食品基质婴儿奶粉及婴儿米粉在月桂基硫酸盐胰蛋白胨肉汤-万古霉素(mLST)增菌只需2h,即可检测原始浓度达到3×10_^-2 CFU/ mL的克罗诺杆菌属。荧光RAA法只需5min即可观察结果,20-30min完成扩增,速度及灵敏度明显高于国标法。结论 荧光RAA法简便、快速、无需大型仪器,可用于口岸或其他场所进行克罗诺杆菌属的快速检测与监控。     

荧光定量环介导等温扩增法快速检测食品中沙门氏菌

目目的 建立一种快速简易检测食源性沙门氏菌的实时荧光定量环介导等温扩增（quantitative loop-mediated isothermal amplification, qLAMP）方法。方法 依据沙门菌属invA基因序列设计引物, 并结合短时间增菌构建沙门氏菌快速检测qLAMP法, 使用人工污染样品进行验证。结果 建立的qLAMP法最佳反应时间为40 min, 最佳反应温度是65 ℃, 最佳Mg2+浓度为6 mmol/L, Bst 2.0 WarmStart聚合酶的浓度为0.40 U/μL, 反应特异性良好, 纯培养实验表明方法检出限为100 CFU/mL。将沙门氏菌人工添加至鸡胸肉、果蔬沙拉、山泉水中, 经过7 h BPW有效增菌后所建立的qLAMP法在食品基质中的检出限达到5 CFU/25 g。结论 该方法准确、简单易行, 实验成本低, 可用于食品中沙门氏菌的快速检测。通过WarmStart Colorimetric LAMP试剂盒无需昂贵仪器即可快速检测,为沙门氏菌现场即时检测的场景提供技术支持。     

Biogenic amines in fish, fish products and shellfish: a review

Fish, cephalopods and shellfish provide a healthy source of high-quality proteins, essential vitamins, minerals and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The beneficial effects of fish consumption on human health such as protection against coronary heart disease and certain cancer may be offset by fish decomposition and the formation of chemical contaminants such as biogenic amines. There are several toxicological effects of biogenic amines on humans, especially histamine. It is the causative agent of histamine or scombroid fish poisoning which is a significant public health problem. In individuals with diminished histamine detoxification, ingestion of even a low or moderate histamine- or tyramine-containing fish may lead to food intolerance. Biogenic amines such as putrescine, tyramine and cadaverine can potentiate histamine toxicity. Furthermore, dietary polyamine intake should be minimised in some cancer patients. Besides their potential toxicity, biogenic amines are used for the evaluation of hygienic quality of different marine and freshwater species. Spoilage pattern and biogenic amine formation are species specific. Histamine has been traditionally used as an indicator of the quality of histidine-rich fish (dark-muscle fish). On the other hand, putrescine and cadaverine are the most objective indicators of quality of histidine-poor fish (white-muscle fish), shellfish and fermented seafood products.     

Biogenic amines in fish,fish products and shellfish: a review

Fish, cephalopods and shellfish provide a healthy source of high-quality proteins, essential vitamins, minerals and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The beneficial effects of fish consumption on human health such as protection against coronary heart disease and certain cancer may be offset by fish decomposition and the formation of chemical contaminants such as biogenic amines. There are several toxicological effects of biogenic amines on humans, especially histamine. It is the causative agent of histamine or scombroid fish poisoning which is a significant public health problem. In individuals with diminished histamine detoxification, ingestion of even a low or moderate histamine- or tyramine-containing fish may lead to food intolerance. Biogenic amines such as putrescine, tyramine and cadaverine can potentiate histamine toxicity. Furthermore, dietary polyamine intake should be minimised in some cancer patients. Besides their potential toxicity, biogenic amines are used for the evaluation of hygienic quality of different marine and freshwater species. Spoilage pattern and biogenic amine formation are species specific. Histamine has been traditionally used as an indicator of the quality of histidine-rich fish (dark-muscle fish). On the other hand, putrescine and cadaverine are the most objective indicators of quality of histidine-poor fish (white-muscle fish), shellfish and fermented seafood products.     

基于实时荧光核酸恒温扩增技术的食源性致病微生物检测

目的考察实时荧光核酸恒温扩增(simultaneous amplification and testing,SAT)技术在食源性致病微生物检测中的应用价值。方法以国标培养法及分子测序为参考方法,研究SAT方法用于检测沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、副溶血性弧菌及单增李斯特氏菌的灵敏度、特异性、假阳性率、假阴性率、准确度,同时利用卡方检验分析阳性率显著性差异。结果 4种致病菌SAT试剂盒的灵敏度均为100%,不存在假阴性及漏检情况;沙门氏菌(94.2%)、金黄色葡萄球菌(99.5%)、副溶血性弧菌(100%)和单增李斯特氏菌(100%)的特异性符合要求,假阳性率均小于9.6%,准确度均大于94%。结论 SAT技术具有高灵敏度、特异性强、准确度高,可作为上述4种致病菌的检验方法。     

Simultaneous detection of fruit allergen-coding genes in tomato,apple, peach and kiwi through multiplex PCR

Food Science and Biotechnology - Fruit allergies have become more common in recent years, and are now a serious health problem. In this study, a multiplex PCR assay was used to detect potential...     

Review in isothermal amplification technology in food microbiological detection

Food Science and Biotechnology - Food-borne diseases caused by microbial contamination have always been a matter of great concern to human beings. Hence, the research on these problems has never...     

重组酶聚合酶扩增技术及其在食品检测中的应用

近年来,食品安全问题日益突出,适用于现场的快速检测技术研发受到了研究者们的广泛重视。重组酶聚合酶扩增(recombinase polymerase amplification,RPA)技术作为一项新兴的核酸等温扩增技术,与传统的检测方法相比,具有灵敏度高、成本低、速度快等优点,且不需复杂仪器设备,可以在条件简陋的实验室和资源不足的户外等地实现检测和应用。本文介绍了RPA技术的概念和原理,综述了近年来RPA技术在食品检测中的应用,如食源性致病微生物的快速检测、转基因农产品识别和常见食品的物种鉴别等,概括了其在食品安全和食品产业领域中的优势和面临的挑战,并对RPA技术的未来发展前景提出了展望。     

环介导等温扩增技术快速检测食品中变形杆菌的研究

采用环介导等温扩增(LAMP)技术,快速检测食品中的变形杆菌。以变形杆菌(CMCC49027)的atpD基因作为靶序列,设计内、外引物,通过肉眼观察白色沉淀,判断检测结果。共对11株致病菌进行特异性实验。结果表明,变形杆菌为阳性,其他10株菌为阴性。采用FTA滤膜制备模板进行LAMP反应,其方法的灵敏度为6.4×102CFU/mL。利用LAMP技术直接检测人工污染的肉制品中的变形杆菌,其检出限为3.6×103CFU/g。本实验所建立的快速检测变形杆菌的LAMP检测方法具有较高的特异性和敏感性,能够满足变形杆菌快速检测的需要。     

Simultaneous detection of mastitis pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus uberis, and Streptococcus agalactiae by multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction

The objective of this study was to develop a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for simultaneous detection of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Streptococcus uberis directly from milk. A genetic marker specific for Staph. aureus was used for primers and dual-labeled probe design. The target for Strep. agalactiae primers and dual-labeled probe was selected from the cfb gene encoding the Christie-Atkins-Munch-Petersen factor. The plasminogen activator gene was the target for primers and dual-labeled probe design for Strep. uberis. Quarter milk samples (n = 192) were analyzed by the multiplex real-time PCR assay and conventional microbiological methods. An additional 57 quarter milk samples were analyzed in a separate real-time PCR assay for Strep. agalactiae only. Using an overnight enrichment step, the real-time PCR technique correctly identified 96.4% of all quarter milk samples; 91.7% of Staph. aureus, 98.2% of Strep. agalactiae, and 100% of Strep. uberis. Results of conventional microbiological methods were used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the multiplex real-time PCR procedure. The sensitivity of the procedure to correctly identify Staph. aureus, Strep. agalactiae, and Strep. uberis directly from milk was 95.5%, and the specificity was 99.6%. Results of this study indicate that the multiplex real-time PCR procedure has the potential to be a valuable diagnostic technique for simultaneous identification of Staph. aureus, Strep. agalactiae, and Strep. uberis directly from quarter milk samples.