基于五块模式的单一矩形件排样算法

如何在一个大矩形里排入尽可能多的单一规格小矩形件是广泛出现在制造业领域的板材分割、物流业领域的集装箱装载中的问题.采用五块模式将大矩形划分为五个块,求解每个块里面矩形件的排样方式.首先,采用动态规划算法一次性生成所有块中矩形件排样方式,然后,采用隐式枚举法考虑所有可能的五块组合,选择包含矩形件个数最多的五块组合作为最终的排样方案.使用算例对算法进行了测试,并与另外4种单一排样算法进行了比较.实验结果表明,该算法在排样利用率和切割工艺两方面都有效,而且计算时间合理.     

二维不规则件优化排样的小生境遗传算法

首先采用组合矩形包络算法将二维不规则零件的排样问题转化为矩形件的排样问题;然后将遗传算法与小生境技术相结合,寻找排样件在排样时的最优次序及各自的旋转角度;最后用“最低水平线与填充算法相结合”策略的启发式排样算法实现自动排样。实例表明,该算法是有效的。     

船体曲表面敷设矩形块生成算法研究

以船体外表面敷设矩形块为背景,针对原有在船体外板展开图上进行平面布置设计的不足,提出进行矩形块三维布置设计,并相应提出3种较为可行的曲面矩形块生成算法,同时通过对3种算法从计算量、形状误差和交互响应速度3个方面进行对比,并综合3个方面的优缺点进行选优,在以设计误差和交互响应速度为优先考虑的前提下,认为按第3种算法生成矩形块来进行三维布置设计是最佳的选择.     

求解矩形布局问题的自适应算法

矩形布局问题属于NP-Hard问题,其求解算法多为启发式算法。该文侧重于构造布局求解算法中定位函数(规则)的优化,将模拟退火算法的思想融入到遗传算法中,提出了求解矩形布局问题的自适应算法,其利用自适应交叉、变异及接收劣质解的概率等方法对定位函数中各参数进行优化。算法通过两种方式确定初始种群的数目,具有较强的适应性。在算法搜索的后期,利用差异性较大的个体进行交叉操作,从而保持种群的多样性。最后通过实例证明了该算法能够很好的应用于矩形布局问题的求解。     

定序列矩形件优化排样新算法

针对目前矩形件优化排样方法的不足,提出了一个新的定序列矩形件排样算法。采用对矩形件排入板材后生成的矩形空白区域合并的策略,将矩形件优先排入到位置较低的空白区域中,实现了矩形件的插空摆放,有效的利用了排样过程中已排入矩形件间的空隙。实际应用表明,该算法显著提高了单次排样的材料利用率,得到了较好的排样效果。给出了算法的具体步骤。     

不规则零件优化排样的神经网络混合优化算法

 提出一种利用人工神经网络求解不规则件排样问题的混合优化方法.该方法首先把排样和制造工艺联系起来,将多边形各边向外扩充,为零件预留加工余量;然后采用自组织特征映射模型（SOM）和Hopfield人工神经网络相结合的方法,运用SOM神经网络对初始在板材内随机排布的不规则零件进行平移,逐步减小不规则零件之间的重叠面积,求得各零件的最优位置,再运用Hopfield神经网络对平移后的零件旋转,进行迭代运算,当能量函数达到稳定状态时,得到各排样零件的最优旋转角度组合,实现自动排样.算法可以解决不规则件和矩形件在规则板材以及不规则板材上的排样问题,实例证明了该算法的有效性和实用性.     

一种基于蜜蜂进化选择算子的布局遗传算法

三维矩形布局问题属于NP难问题,对于三维矩形布局问题的求解大多依赖于各种启发式算法.该文以布局物体体积递减为定序规则,结合布局物体在布局空间中的几何可行域,以吸引子法为定位规则,利用蜜蜂进化型遗传算法优化吸引子函数中的参数来求解三维矩形布局问题（BEGA）,得到新型布局遗传算法.最后对不同的算例进行了计算,并与以标准比例选择作为选择算子的传统布局遗传算法（SPGA）等对比证明了该算法的有效性.     

单一规格物体二维矩形条带装箱问题解法研究

为了克服用启发式算法及智能搜索法解决单一规格物体二维矩形条带装箱问题耗时过长的缺陷,提出了新的解法和思路.用线性规划法分别在2个维度求最优解,以最好的方案作为近似最优解,可大幅度缩短求解时间,获得满意的近似最优解.     

基于遗传算法的车间布局多目标优化

在分析单目标优化缺陷的基础上,构建了车间多行布局物流成本和空间利用率多目标组合优化模型.设计了车间多行布局遗传算法,针对自动换行、两行布置和三行布置三种不同布局策略的编码方式、遗传操作和适应度函数进行了研究.以某车间布局为实例,分别在单目标和多目标情况下,通过Matlab编程对三种不同布局策略进行了遗传运算,验证了算法的收敛性、实用性和有效性.该模型及算法对车间进行多目标多行布局具有借鉴意义.     

材料参数及工艺参数对盒形件成形性能的影响研究

主要研究了材料参数及工艺参数对盒形件成形性能的影响,通过正交试验和计算机数值模拟相结合,确定了最佳的参数组合方式,并用该最优数据进行实际冲压,得到的结果与最优模拟结果比较吻合.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Effect of Oxide Assisted Metal Nanoparticles on Microstructure and Morphology of Gallium oxide Nanowires

Several researches have been reported about the characteristic of β-Ga2O3 nanowires which was synthesized on nickel oxide particle. But indeed, recent researches about synthesis of β-Ga2O3 nanowires on oxide-assisted transition metal are limited to nickel or cobalt oxide catalyst. In this work, Gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3 ) nanowires were synthesized by a simple thermal evaporation method from gallium powder in the range of 700 - 1000℃ using the iron, nickel, copper, cobalt and zinc oxide as a catalyst, respectively. The β-Ga2O3 nanowires with single crystalline without defects were successfully synthesized at the reaction temperature of 850, 900 and 950℃ in all the catalysts. But optimum experimental condition in synthesis of nanowires varied with the kind of catalyst. As increasing synthesis temperature,the morphology of gallium oxide nanowires changed from nanowires to nanorods, and its diameter increased. From these results, we could be proposed that the growth mechanism of β-Ga2O3 nanowires was changed with synthesis temperature of nanowires. Microstructure and morphology of Synthesized nanowire was characterized by HR-TEM, FE-SEM, EDX and XRD.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from