四极质谱直接进样分析重质油芳烃馏分烃类组成

本文介绍了用四极质谱是样测定重质馏份油工烃类组成的方法，分析了仪器条件对实验结果的影响。实验操作简便，数据重复性好，通过与石科院分析结果的比较及掺对实验说明该方法比较准确可靠。     

平面静态应力分析与实验研究

对曲柄压力机机架进行有限元分析 ,计算得出机架表面应力分布状态 ,简述了自行设计的实验装置的原理、结构、实验方法和步骤 ,并对实验结果和计算结果进行了分析、比较     

平台罗经方位环结构实验模态参数识别

平台罗经是惯性导航系统中的一种精密复杂的导航仪器,平台罗经的核心部件方位环的动态特性直接决定着惯性仪表的工作精度和可靠性,模态分析是研究机械系统动态特性的主要方法之一。在概述了实验模态分析理论的基础上,建立了某型号平台方位环结构的实验模型,对方位环进行了实验模态分析。通过对实验结果与有限元计算结果比较,验证了有限元计算结果较为准确。     

二维数字图像相关方法的拉伸实验误差分析

对数字图像相关(DIC)方法的拉伸实验误差进行了系统分析。通过刚体运动实验,从软件模拟计算和硬件两方面研究了DIC方法的实验误差,同时,根据成像原理,分析了离面位移对实验结果的影响。为了检验测试系统的测量精度,将DIC方法与多晶铜试样拉伸实验相结合,比较了不同实验条件下DIC方法与应变片测量的结果,分析认为测量误差主要来源于摄像机噪声及离面位移。鉴于这两种误差难以消除,探索了一种误差修正方法,对系统误差进行修正并得到满意结果。     

有轨电车液压制动系统仿真分析与实验验证

为提高有轨电车液压制动系统实验的有效性,该文对有轨电车液压制动系统压力与制动力的关系进行了分析和研究,使用MATLAB/Simulink软件对液压制动系统进行了建模、仿真与分析。并将仿真结果与实验结果进行了分析比较,为类似液压制动系统的设计、实验,提供一个较好的方法。     

机械载荷作用下单边裂纹电热止裂的实验研究

采用实验分析和数值分析的方法,研究分析了在等值拉伸机械载荷作用下的、对带有单边裂纹导电薄板进行电热止裂的止裂效果.并且与文献[1]给出的通电瞬间由温度产生的应力场与机械载荷产生的应力场叠加的理论计算结果进行了比较.通过算例比较,表明了理论分析、数值计算和实验研究结果有较好的一致性.     

柔性铰链转动刚度分析与验证

针对直圆形柔性铰链进行分析,在分析比较通过理论公式和有限元软件计算柔性铰链转动刚度方法的基础上,设计柔性铰链转动刚度测试实验,对计算结果进行实验验证。提出了柔性铰链转动刚度设计的一般思路、方法和应注意问题。     

表面裂纹泄露条件的初步探讨

本文通过能量分析的方法,建立了一个计算表面裂纹泄露载荷的简单公式,并与实验结果进行了比较,表明理论结果与实验结果较一致。     

气动式装载机离合器接合过程仿真与实验研究

对气动式装载机离合器的接合过程,进行了动力学和接合过程参数的计算,利用仿真软件MATLAB,建立了仿真的模型.进行了仿真分析以及气动式装载机离合器的静态实验.通过仿真结果与实验结果的比较分析,得到了新型装载机离合器开发研究的气动控制方法.     

应用神经网络对润滑油抗氧性的分析

本文采用神经网络辅助分析的方法，对内燃机润滑油的抗氧化性做了分析，对内燃机油中ZDDP的加量对润滑油抗氧性的影响作了预测，并将神经网络输出结果与实验结果进行比较，使网络训练误差得到最小．使网络训练结果与实验结果得到较好的模拟。     

石油烃类组成的GC-MS分析

本文建立了石油馏分烃类组成的GC-MS分析方法。油品试样需要预先分离成饱和烃和芳烃馏分,再分别进行质谱测定。样品通过空心毛细柱直接进入质谱分析,分别获得饱和烃和芳烃馏分的混合物质谱图。根据各烃类化合物的特征质量峰强度加和及灵敏度系数建立多元联立方程组,计算各类烃的百分含量。专用定量软件几分钟可给出测试结果,该方法快速、简便而准确。     

石油馏分荧光光谱等高线特征谱分析研究

相对色谱或色质联用分析,荧光分析法具有灵敏度高、选择性好、取样量少、分析结果快速等优点。三维荧光光谱是有机物种类鉴别领域的新技术,可应用于石油馏分的分类,且具有准备过程简单、信息量丰富和费用低的优点。分析了柴油、汽油、混合油3类石油馏分的三维荧光光谱特征,应用图像信息统计原理,提出了基于三维荧光等高线特征谱分析技术的一种新方法,研究了同一馏分和不同馏分之间特征谱的相关特性,并给出了利用等高线特征谱相关系数鉴别油品的新方法,对3类馏分的分析结果表明,此方法数据客观,识别结果准确。     

重水的氢同位素组成分析

Hydrogen gas was prepared from heavy water by using the H/Device, which was based on reduction with hot chromium. The H/Device was connected to a mass spectrometer. The hydrogen isotopic composition of heavy water was analyzed. It is shown that hydrogen isotopic composition can be analyzed conveniently, little sample is used and the results are reliable.     

表面解吸常压化学电离质谱法快速测定冰毒

A method for rapid determination of narcotics by surface desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (DAPCI-MS) was established. The operation parameters including spray voltage, capillary temperature ect. on analysis performance were systematically investigated. Under the optimized experimental conditions, trace amounts of methamphetamine and caffeine in ice drug were detected rapidly without any sample preparation and pretreatment. Since DAPCI-MS allows rapid analyzing trace amounts of narcotics without sample pretreatment, it was also proposed to couple DAPCI source to a miniature mass spectrometer for fast in-situ analysis of narcotics．     

低频率射频辉光放电的研究

辉光放电电离源可用来检测固态、液态及气态样品,目前主要用于无机固体样品的元素分析和定量检测。本研究将低频率射频辉光放电（Lf-RFGD）与飞行时间质谱仪（TOF MS）联用用于分析液体和气体样品。研究了电离腔真空度、进样管尺寸、辅助气压力、放电频率及电极板压差对电离效率的影响。最优分析条件为：电离腔真空度约30 Pa,进样管长150 mm、内径0.25 mm,辅助气压强约1.0 MPa,放电频率2 MHz,电极板压差约100 V。在此条件下,放电功率约20 W,对液体样品的检出限约0.1 pg、对挥发性样品的检出限约20 mg/m³,检测半峰分辨率约3 000（FWHM）。将Lf-RFGD TOF MS应用于实际药品溶液和挥发性有机物（VOCs）的检测。本仪器对药品溶液的检测灵敏度与常用检测仪器相比无优势,但对挥发性有机物的检测效果较好,为开发低成本的VOCs检测仪器提供了有吸引力的选择。     

用于纳米气溶胶质谱仪的毛细管进样接口传输特性研究

采用自制的X射线离子诱导成核纳米颗粒物生成装置,通过纳米扫描迁移率颗粒物粒径谱仪（Nano-SMPS）测量纳米颗粒物通过毛细管之前、之后的粒谱分布,获得了纳米颗粒物穿透率随毛细管的内径、长度及进样流量的变化曲线,并对纳米颗粒物在毛细管中的传输损耗进行实验探究。同时,结合气溶胶颗粒物传输沉积模型,对纳米颗粒物的穿透率进行理论计算,并与实验测量值进行比较和讨论。结果表明,对于粒径小于10 nm的纳米颗粒物,受布朗运动等因素的影响,其穿透率与毛细管的尺寸及进样流量有较强的相关性。此外,采用毛细管进样接口结合激光电离气溶胶飞行时间质谱仪对部分纳米颗粒物的化学成分进行检测,获得了初步的实验结果。     

中子谱仪样品台几何误差建模和灵敏度分析

介绍了中子衍射残余应力测试谱仪样品台的结构和基于标准探针的定位测量方法;利用多体运动学和齐次变换矩阵建立了基于标准探针定位测量方法的样品台定位误差模型;最后分别对模型中涉及的42个误差分量进行了定位误差的灵敏度分析。分析结果对中子衍射残余应力测试谱仪样品台的精度设计具有参考作用。     

On the many advantages of local-electrode atom probes

Local extraction electrodes offer several crucial advantages for operation of atom probes. Because of the proximity of the local extraction electrode to the specimen, the electric field produced at the specimen apex by a given voltage is enhanced and the voltage required for field evaporation is reduced. In a voltage-pulsed atom probe, the absolute magnitude of the energy uncertainty is correspondingly reduced. High mass resolution (m/deltam > 1000) may therefore be obtained by accelerating the evaporated ions to a greater total potential after the local extraction electrode. The low extraction voltage may also be pulsed rapidly (100 ps rise time) and at high repetition rates (up to 10(5) pulses per second) using currently available solid-state pulsers. Furthermore, a local electrode and intermediate electrodes may be used as optical elements to control the image magnification. All of these benefits may be applied to any type of atom probe. Local-electrode atom probes (LEAP) should be especially advantageous for developing three-dimensional atom probes with high mass resolution and a large field of view. A sample has been developed that consists of many microtips formed on a planar sample using ion beam mask etching. Microtip samples are especially suited to LEAP. Analysis of electrically insulating samples may also be possible with microtip samples in a LEAP. This combination of features suggests flexible, high speed, high mass resolution atom probes that can work with either conventional needle-shaped specimens or the new style of planar microtip specimens.     

Scanning mass spectrometer for quantitative reaction studies on catalytically active microstructures

We describe an apparatus for spatially resolving scanning mass spectrometry which is able to measure the gas composition above catalytically active microstructures or arrays of these microstructures with a lateral resolution of better than 100 mum under reaction conditions and which allows us to quantitatively determine reaction rates on individual microstructures. Measurements of the three-dimensional gas composition at different vertical distances and separations between active structures allow the evaluation of gas phase mass transport effects. The system is based on a piezoelectrically driven positioning substage for controlled lateral and vertical positioning of the sample under a rigidly mounted capillary probe connecting to a mass spectrometer. Measurements can be performed at pressures in the range of <10(-2)-10 mbars and temperatures between room temperature and 450 degrees C. The performance of the setup is demonstrated using the CO oxidation reaction on Pt microstructures on Si with sizes between 100 and 300 mum and distances in the same order of magnitude, evaluating CO(2) formation and CO consumption above the microstructures. The rapidly decaying lateral resolution with increasing distance between sample and probe underlines the effects of (lateral) gas transport in the room between sample and probe. The reaction rates and apparent activation energy obtained from such measurements agree with previous data on extended surfaces, demonstrating the feasibility of determining absolute reaction rates on individual microstructures.