交通基础设施对房地产开发投资的空间溢出效应分析

在考虑交通基础设施网络外部效应的基础上,利用2002-2017年省级面板数据构建多维空间权重下交通基础设施对我国房地产开发投资的空间溢出模型,结果表明:交通基础设施对我国房地产开发投资产生了负空间溢出效应,二者表现出明显的非线性关系,应加快地区间城市群的建设,推进交通一体化,优化房地产开发资本结构实现房地产业良性发展.     

Urban and regional development in post-reform China: the case of Zhujiang delta

Zhujiang delta region has been at the forefront of China's reforms and open door policy. There has been enormous investment from Hong Kong and elsewhere. The region has undergone dramatic economic growth and spatial transformations. Such changes have been brought about by various factors and the consequence of the development has not been evenly distributed in the region. This monograph will assess the urban and regional development comprehensively by employing a county-level demographic/economic data set of the region. This will be complimented by other data. This monograph will update the previous studies that mainly used larger spatial units such as prefecture-level cities and a few key economic indicators such as GDP. The monograph focuses on the inflow of non-local investment, infrastructure development, factor contributions to regional economic growth, polarized development and the increasing links between Hong Kong and Zhujiang delta region. The development experience of the Zhujiang delta region will in no doubt shed light on the urban and regional development in both China and many developing countries.     

Inequities in the broadband revolution

Residential broadband options such as cable and digital subscriber lines are growing in popularity. However, evidence suggests that urban areas are receiving the majority of infrastructure investment, thereby leaving many rural locations with few options for broadband access. With access to telecommunication infrastructure becoming an increasingly important component to local economic development, issues of infrastructure equity are significant. This paper explores telecommunication equity and its effect on economic development by addressing the impact of geography on infrastructure investment and growth. A comprehensive database of broadband service providers and data from the Ecom-Ohio project (http://www.ecom-ohio.org), are used to explore broadband access options in the state of Ohio by examining the characteristics of market demand that are driving cable and digital subscriber line infrastructure investment. In addition, this paper develops an explanatory framework for identifying key market characteristics indicative of demand for residential broadband services through the use of statistical models and a geographic information system. Results suggest that income, education, age, location, and competition from alternative broadband platforms influence digital subscriber line infrastructure investment. Received: November 2001/Accepted: September 2002     

Analyzing urban infrastructure economic benefit using an integrated approach

Urban infrastructure economic benefit is the positive influence on urban economy generated by the use of urban infrastructure. This paper decomposes urban infrastructure economic benefit into four effects which are consumption effect, investment effect, government purchase effect and external demand effect for the first time and introduces an integrated approach to analyze its level taking four Chinese autonomous municipalities as an example. The level of urban infrastructure economic benefit is evaluated at first. Then the coordinated development among four effects is analyzed by constructing coupling coordination degree model. In final, the impact of the coordinated development among four effects on the level of urban infrastructure economic benefit is studied using panel regression model. The results show that raising the coordinated development level of four effects is beneficial to promote the improvement of urban infrastructure economic benefit. The proposed methods performed quite well at analyzing urban infrastructure economic benefit.     

1990年代天津市外商投资空间分布基本规律研究

本研究运用1990年代天津市外商投资的抽样数据,通过GoldenSoftware软件建立二维、三维空间模型,重点分析了天津市外商投资的空间分布的若干特征:外商投资选址与城市工业园区以及机场、港口等大型基础设施密切相关;第二、第三产业外商投资分布分别呈现轴向、圈层规律;动态空间上有扩散——集中——扩散的趋势;外商投资在中心城区总体呈现中心—外围递减规律,并且指出这些特征体现了新兴工业国家大城市处于工业化的发展期或高速发展前期的空间特点。     

2004~2013 年空港基础设施建设投融资现状实证分析

空港基础设施建设在国民经济发展、城市健康运行和改善人居环境等方面发挥着重要的作用。运用实证分析方法,主要研究2004~2013 年10 年间空港基础设施投融资现状,在此基础上指出目前空港基础设施建设存在投资主体单一、融资渠道狭窄两个主要问题,进而围绕“空港多元化投融资改革”理念,从纵横两方面提出空港基础设施建设融资构想,即:纵向上提出飞行区、航站区和延伸区分块设计的融资建议;横向上探讨枢纽、干线和支线空港的融资策略,希望借鉴先进经验,积极探索创新融资模式,破解空港基础设施建设资金短缺的难题。     

The paradox of unequal regional investment and equal regional economic growth in China

China's policy on Special Economic Zones has attracted increasing flows of direct foreign investment to China. The investment has been very unequally distributed among China's 30 regions.  The article focuses on the regional economic growth as a result of the direct foreign investment in the region and its spillover effects on neighboring regions. The unequal distribution of direct foreign investment should in principle tend to enlarge the regional economic differences. The article, however, shows that this is not the result of the investment.  The empirical findings highlight the impact of direct foreign investment on the Chinese regional economies in transition. Received: November 2000/Accepted: August 2001     

Growth effects of regional policy in Germany: results from a spatially augmented multiplicative interaction model

Private investment subsidies are a key instrument for regional policy making to foster the economic development in lagging regions. In this paper, we analyze their effect on labor productivity growth for German labor market regions for the period from 1994 to 2006. A spatially augmented multiplicative interaction model based on neoclassical growth theory is used, which allows us to assess the marginal effect of regional policy proxied by overall payments of the main German regional development program on the region’s convergence speed conditional on its initial income position as well as policy-related spillovers from its spatial neighborhood. Our results show a statistically significant positive effect of regional policy on labor productivity growth, which increases, the further away the supported region is from its steady-state income level, and the more grants are provided to its geographical neighborhood. The latter effect highlights the existence of positive spatial spillover effects from regional policy in Germany, which enhance the attractiveness of the whole macro region for private sector investments. The additional growth stimulus provided by a 1 % increase in the region’s funding volume is thereby related to an up to 0.3 % gain in terms of labor productivity growth. For regions with the highest initial gaps to steady-state income in the sample distribution, the regional policy stimulus accounts for almost 8 % of the regions’ productivity growth performance.     

经济欠发达地区基础设施BT项目运作的思考

针对经济欠发达地区经济发展中存在的资本短缺问题和基础设施建设特点,结合BT投资的定义及宿迁市运用BT方式进行城市建设的经验,阐述了如何有效利用BT模式进行基础设施项目建设,以期更好地发挥其综合效益和积极作用。     

Modelling the regional economic effects of the Danish Great Belt link

Different approaches to modelling the impact of transport infrastructure investment on regional economic development are examined, including production function and economic potential approaches. An integrated modelling approach involving both transport costs and models of regional and interregional economic structure is advocated. This approach is applied to the question of forecasting the regional economic effects of the Danish Great Belt link, a major Danish infrastructure investment, due to open in 1997. These effects are shown to be modest.     

重庆市渝中半岛道路交通问题浅析

重庆为非常典型的山地城市,其路网形式以自由式路网结构为主,而渝中半岛是更为显明的山地城区。伴随着社会经济的飞速发展,重庆都市区逐步加大基础设施建设的投资力度,但交通基础设施的投资建设仍然跟不上高速增长的经济发展,难以解决大量交通量对城市路网带来的强大冲击,都市区道路交通系统面临城市发展的巨大压力。渝中半岛作为重庆的中心,占据了经济商业的重要地位,道路交通是其重要地位的保障,只有较为完善、人性化的道路交通,才是其重要地位的有效保障。     

Public surface transportation and regional output: A spatial panel approach

This paper studies regional impact of three mature public surface transportation infrastructures in the Northeast corridor of the US: highway, public railway and public transit. Infrastructure stock is valued in real terms from 1991 to 2009. A spatial panel approach with fixed effects is adopted to test the hypothesis of spillovers by allowing for spatial dependence. The result shows that public surface transportation infrastructure in general does have a significant impact on regional output, most of which is from spillover effect; highways have an overwhelming influence through both local effects and spillover effects. The impacts from public railway and public transit are not significant, but transit does show a positive though small spillover effect.     

建筑业碳排放效率的空间溢出效应研究

为减少建筑业的碳排放、提高建筑业碳排放效率,推动我国双碳目标的实现,以长江三角洲城市群为例,运用非期望产出超效率 SBM 模型,将建筑业 CO2 的排放量选作非期望产出,分析建筑业碳排放效率的空间演化特征,利用空间马尔可夫链研究了空间溢出效应。结果表明:长三角地区建筑业的碳排放效率在空间上大致分布为自西向东呈上升趋势的不均匀分布格局,具有空间聚集性。同时展现出明显的空间溢出效应,对邻近城市的建筑业碳排放效率存在一定的影响。研究结果有助于了解长江三角洲各城市间建筑业碳排放效率的相互作用,且为政府制定建筑业节能减排政策提供一定的参考。     

Allocation mechanisms in public provision of transport and communication infrastructure

This study explores the allocation mechanisms in the public provision of interregional transport and communication infrastructure in Sweden. The logistics of the flow of infrastructure investments from the government budget is examined. The purpose is to consider how the demand for infrastructure investment is estimated by public agencies, how judgments are made on governmental expenditure policy, and what determines the spatial distribution of infrastructure investment. The analysis is carried out along four main lines; demand for infrastructure services, political intentions and goals, the modal composition of investments for transport and communication, and the spatial distribution of infrastructure. The discussion considers functional, spatial, and temporal consistency aspects in the public provision of infrastructure.     

对沪杭客运专线金山北站(枫泾镇)规划选址的几点思考

作为国家大型基础设施的沪杭客运专线的布局与建设,将对长三角区域的发展产生深刻和长远的影响。除了大城市交通枢纽的选址外,城际铁路交通沿线所经过区域的城镇车站的选址应充分考虑城镇功能价值的提升及引导城镇空间合理发展,力争从单一交通价值到全面带动社会经济综合功能的提高。以沪杭客运专线金山北站(枫泾镇)站点的规划选址为例,相应的城乡规划应加强规划的科学性、预见性和变化的适应性。     

城市楼宇经济空间布局的研究与思考

楼宇经济空间是楼宇经济发展的集聚功能区域，是以现代服务业为产业核心，吸引其他相关产业集聚所形成的具有定空间集聚规模、较强竞争力、能够产生较高经济效益的功能空间。楼宇经济空旬作为城市重要的节点空间，具有依托性、集聚性、高效益、高效率、高端性等特点，在空间布局上主要受城市规划与空间扩展、经济活力与设施配套、交通条件、景观环境等因素的影响，应通过强化集聚策略、专业化和特色化策略等，引导楼宇经济空间合理发展。     

Modelling regional labour market dynamics in space and time

This paper extends the seminal Blanchard and Katz regional labour market model to include interaction effects using a dynamic spatial panel data approach. Three key contributions of this extended model are: (i) the unrealistic assumption that regions are independent of one another no longer has to be made, (ii) the magnitude and significance of so‐called spillover effects can be empirically assessed, and (iii) both the temporal and spatial propagation of labour demand shocks can be investigated. Using annual data from 1986–2010 for 112 regions across eight EU countries, both the non‐spatial and spatial models are estimated. It is found that the majority of the spillover effects are highly significant. Consistent with economic theory, the impact of a region‐specific demand shock is largest in the region where the shock instigates. The shock also propagates to other regions, especially impacting the first and second‐order neighbours.     

Systems-of-systems methodology for strategic infrastructure decision making: Ireland as a case study

Infrastructure development is a long term process, which cannot easily adapt to sudden change; and infrastructure assets can have long lifetimes. Poor investment choices risk locking in poor policy choices for substantial periods of time. The ‘need’ for a new infrastructure asset arises due to demographic, economic or policy changes. But historically Ireland’s infrastructure investment has also been driven, in part, by the pursuit of political / economic policies which have themselves ‘created’ infrastructure needs; and often decided on an isolated project-by-project basis. In contrast, a systems-of-systems (SoS) approach is a fusion of network modelling, consideration of various policy options, and appraisal of the impact of alternative demographic and economic scenarios on multiple systems. This paper assesses Ireland’s readiness to adopt a SoS approach to infrastructure decision-making, proposes a methodology for its development and implementation. This would enable the demand for new infrastructure to be tested under various policy scenarios, providing evidence for investment decisions.     

Transport and industrial and commercial location

This paper concerns itself with looking at the importance of transport and related infrastructure on the occupancy of new building and premises. Much regional and urban policy focuses on the importance of land use and building availability as an attraction for industrial and commercial growth. Such facilities, however, provide only one form of infrastructure and this study looks at the influence of local transport quality on the exploitation of new premises. It draws upon a large survey of new premises in the Strathclyde region of Scotland for its empirical content and uses multivariate analysis to link infrastructure provision to other spatial attributes which are important in stimulating local economic development.     

基础设施维护投资失衡的成因及对策研究

从基础设施投资中新建投资与维护投资失衡的现实问题出发,研究了导致这一现象的原因,并提出了相应的发展建议,指出基础设施投资应当在新建项目和旧有项目维护上进行重新分配,对经济发展的意义更大。