球磨机的电除尘器的技术改造

广西桂林鲁山建材联合有限责任公司制成车间水泥3#磨电除尘器,经过几年的运行,设备老化,收尘效果不理想,排尘远远达不到国家标准。针对这一现状,公司展开了一系列的技术改造。     

基于CORBA的电子商务系统的安全性

电子商务使用了刊登广告并出售货物的新方法来进行交易，并为动态开放式电子 商务环境中的大组客户提供服务和信息。本文说明了实现电子商务应用程序所用的技术，该技 术集中于 CORBA 框架对于这些解决方案的支持。     

流火的六月 别样的毕业典礼

这个六月,可谓是热热闹闹。首先,是如火如荼地进行着的世博会,将一波又一波的中外游客吸引而来;接着,是一年一度的高考,将广大学子和家长的心揪在一起;     

疯狂的iPhone滑稽的Apps

iPhone一直给我们带来一堆堆Crazy的想法和软件,而拥有iPhone的疯友不仅仅可以使用种种实用软件,还可以通过iPhone激发出我们一个又一个的搞怪欲望。虽然这些软件在我们看来都不怎么实用,但是有时候却能够带来无穷的乐趣。新年当前,用iPhone玩味一把也无妨,或许还会让身边的亲人朋友乐在其中。     

TRT技术的马钢的应用

介绍了马钢四铁厂1号高炉TRT系统工艺流程与技术特点,并对系统效益作了分析与评价。     

新概念的微型燃气轮机的发展

介绍功率为数十至数百kW的、新概念微型燃气轮机的发展情况。     

Model evaluation of hybrid anaerobic baffled reactor treating molasses wastewater

The anaerobic treatment of high strength molasses wastewater (molasses alcohol stillage and raw molasses) in a 1501 working volume hybrid anaerobic baffled reactor (HABR) was studied. At an organic loading rate of 20 kg⁻¹ COD/m³ day, the reactor achieved total and soluble COD removals in excess of 70%. Gas production rates exceeded five volumes per day per unit volume of reactor. A mathematical model of the baffled reactor performance was developed using a concept of completely mixed reactors operated in series. The kinetic analysis focused on the granular sludge bed, with total mass of granular sludge as the main parameter. The model results were in good agreement with experimental data. This kinetic analysis approach may be applicable for other kinds of blanket anaerobic reactors.     

Influence of seed sludge and pretreatment method on hydrogen production in packed-bed anaerobic reactors

Several studies have reported on the effects of inoculums source and pretreatment on biological hydrogen production. However, there have been few studies on continuous reactors. This paper investigated the influence of different seed sludge sources and pretreatment methods on biohydrogen production in up-flow anaerobic fixed-bed reactors fed with sucrose. The following inoculum sources were included in the study: (1) anaerobic sludge from an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor used to treat poultry slaughterhouse wastewater (Sl), (2) anaerobic sludge from a UASB reactor used to treat swine wastewater (Sw) and (3) autofermentation (A). Heat (He) and acid (Ac) shock were used to increase hydrogen production and suppress hydrogen consumption. The average hydrogen yields (HY) in the experiment were 2.1 (A), 2.0 (SlHe), 2.0 (SlAc), 1.0 (Sl), 1.0 (SwAc), 0.7 (SwHe) and 0.7 (Sw) mol H₂ mol⁻¹ sucrose. Although heat shock produced the maximum HY value (SlHe), acid pretreatment (SlAc) resulted in more stable hydrogen production with the largest average value, which could be an advantage of using pH shock. The autofermentation process presented HY values similar to those produced with SlAc and SlHe, making it a suitable seed sludge for biohydrogen production because pretreatment was not required.     

喀麦隆啤酒废水厌氧生物处理的研究

为了经济有效的控制喀麦降啤酒厂的有机废水污染,选用上流式厌氧污泥床（UASB）反应器,进行了常温厌氧生物处理的试验,结果表明,当地平均气温22．6℃,足以维持反应器的正常工作,但应采取措施降低温度的昼夜波动,糖化废水,发醇废水和啤酒过滤废水混合处理的效果优于各自单独处理,处理混合废水时,适宜的进水COD浓度为11000mg/L左右,适宜的容积COD负荷为12.50g/(L.d),适宜的水力停留时间为1天,在此条件下,COD去除率可达89％以上,容积COD去除率11.76g/(L.d),容积沼气产率4.06L／（L.d),试验证实,采用常温USASB工艺是可行的。     

管道厌氧消化器效能衰退机理的研究

在长期运行过程中，管道厌氧消化器的处理效能存在衰退现象。导致效能衰退的主要透因是活力低的污泥积累引起装置的有效容积下降，造成水力停留时间缩短，以及污泥积引起传质性能恶化，造成污泥质量降低。定期排泥可以延缓反应器效能的衰退进程。     

Critical assessment of anaerobic processes for continuous biohydrogen production from organic wastewater

Production of biohydrogen using dark fermentation has received much attention owing to the fact that hydrogen can be generated from renewable organics including waste materials. The key to successful application of anaerobic fermentation is to uncouple the liquid retention time and the biomass retention time in the reactor system. Various reactor designs based on biomass retention within the reactor system have been developed. This paper presents our research work on bioreactor designs and operation for biohydrogen production. Comparisons between immobilized-cell systems and suspended-cell systems based on biomass growth in the forms of granule, biofilm and flocs were made. Reactor configurations including column- and tank-based reactors were also assessed. Experimental results indicated that formation of granules or biofilms substantially enhanced biomass retention which was found to be proportional to the hydrogen production rate. Rapid hydrogen-producing culture growth and high organic loading rate might limit the application of biofilm biohydrogen production, since excessive growth of fermentative biomass would result in washout of support carrier. It follows that column-based granular sludge process is a preferred choice of process for continuous biohydrogen production from organic wastewater, indicating maximum hydrogen yield of 1.7 mol-H₂/mol-glucose and hydrogen production rate of 6.8 L-H₂/L-reactor h.     

Influence of thermal and chemical pretreatment on structural stability of granular sludge for high-rate hydrogen production in an UASB bioreactor

Fermentation of organic waste materials presents an alternate route instead of photosynthetic and chemical routes for hydrogen production. Low yield of biohydrogen production is the major challenge in the fermentative hydrogen-producing technology. Improvement of fermentation process by various sludge pretreatment methods is one of the ways that have been applied to boost hydrogen productivity. This study sheds new light on the impact of thermal and chemical pretreatments on the hydrogen-producing granular sludge morphology and strength as well as up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor performance treating palm oil mill effluent (POME). Thermal pretreatment showed devastating effects on the morphological and structural characteristics of the granules. However, the chemically pretreated granules remained structurally stable and relatively undamaged. The thermal pretreatment increased the cumulative hydrogen production by 40% and 76% over chemical pretreatment and control test (untreated), respectively.     

Simulation of biological hydrogen production in a UASB reactor using neural network and genetic algorithm

In this study the performance of a granule-based H₂-producing upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor was simulated using neural network and genetic algorithm. A model was designed, trained and validated to predict the steady-state performance of the reactor. Organic loading rate, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and influent bicarbonate alkalinity were the inputs of the model, whereas the output variables were one of the following: H₂ concentration, H₂ production rate, H₂ yield, effluent total organic carbon, and effluent aqueous products including acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate, and caporate. Training of the model was achieved using a large amount of experimental data obtained from the H₂-producing UASB reactor, whereas it was validated using independent sets of performance data obtained from another H₂-producing UASB reactor. Subsequently, predictions were performed using the validated model to determine the effects of substrate concentration and HRT on the reactor performance. The simulation results demonstrate that the model was able to effectively describe the daily variations of the UASB reactor performance, and to predict the steady-state reactor performance at various substrate concentrations and HRTs.     

Application of a simple method to reduce the start-up period in a H2-producing UASB reactor using xylose

The major objective of dark fermentative H₂ production (DFHP) is the significant enhancement of the H₂ production performance from economic and engineering perspectives. An up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor based on H₂-producing granules (HPGs) has been introduced, which results in the efficiency of the H₂ production being improved significantly. However, the long start-up period remains a substantial obstacle in the stable operation of the UASB reactor. In the present study, a newly proposed operational strategy was employed to form the HPG using xylose as the feedstock, and this resulted in a successful reduction of the start-up period of the UASB reactor. After the mixed liquor in the continuously stirred tank reactor was transferred to the UASB reactor as a seeding source, the height of the HPG in the UASB reactor was progressively increased. In the UASB reactor, a maximum H₂ yield of 2.98 mol H₂/mol xylose and a stable H₂ production rate of 9.98 L H₂/L/h were observed at a hydraulic retention time of 6 h and a substrate concentration of 30 g COD/L. In this novel method, HPGs with an average particle size of 2.32 mm (0.1–4.7 mm) were successfully developed after 120 days and this is the first report documenting the successful formation of HPGs using xylose as feedstock in a UASB reactor.     

Thermophilic fermentative hydrogen production from starch-wastewater with bio-granules

In this study, the effects of the hydraulic retention time (HRT), pH and substrate concentration on the thermophilic hydrogen production of starch with an upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor were investigated. Starch was used as a sole substrate. Continuous hydrogen production was stably attained with a maximum H₂ yield of 1.7 mol H₂/mol glucose. A H₂-producing thermophilic granule was successfully formed with diameter in the range of 0.5–4.0 mm with thermally pretreated methanogenic granules as the nuclei. The metabolic pathway of the granules was drastically changed at each operational parameter. The production of formic or lactic acids is an indication of the deterioration of hydrogen production for H₂-producing thermophilic granular sludge.     

Hydrogen production from alcohol distillery wastewater containing high potassium and sulfate using an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor

In this study, the feasibility of hydrogen production from alcohol distillery wastewater containing high potassium and sulfate was investigated using an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR). The seed sludge taken from an anaerobic tank treating the distillery wastewater was boiled for 15 min before being fed to the ASBR. The ASBR system was operated under different feed chemical oxygen demand (COD) values and different COD loading rates at a mesophilic temperature of 37 °C, a controlled pH at 5.5, and a cycle time of 6 cycles per day. When the studied ASBR was operated under the best conditions (providing a maximum hydrogen production efficiency) of a feed COD of 40,000 mg/l, a COD loading rate of 60 kg/m³ d, and a hydraulic retention time of 16 h, the produced gas was found to contain 34.7% H₂ and 65.3% CO_2, without any methane being detected. Under these best conditions, the specific hydrogen production rate (SHPR) of 270 ml H₂/g MLVSS d (or 3310 ml H₂/l d), and hydrogen yield of 172 ml H₂/g COD removed, were obtained. When the feed COD exceeded 40,000 mg/l, the process performance in terms of hydrogen production decreased because of the potassium and sulfate toxicity.