亚麻荠种子的营养成分分析

以河南汤阴、青海和甘肃亚麻荠种子为研究对象,测定亚麻荠种子的营养成分含量,为亚麻荠种子的开发利用提供科学参考。结果表明:亚麻荠种子的脂肪和粗蛋白质含量较高;含有丰富的植物甾醇、不饱和脂肪酸、多种氨基酸和微量元素;其中3个产地亚麻荠种子的β-谷甾醇、α-亚麻酸、钙、必需氨基酸占总氨基酸含量分别均高于1 700 mg/kg、32%、120 mg/kg和35%。     

亚麻荠的特性及应用研究进展

亚麻荠作为一种环保、抗逆、高效、营养丰富而独特的油料作物在我国有着广阔的发展前景。对亚麻荠的栽培历史、生物学性状、栽培特性、品种特性、亚麻荠籽(油)的主要成分和功能、亚麻荠籽制油工艺和在食品、动物饲料、日化品和工业领域的应用情况进行了综述,对亚麻荠未来发展提出了一些思路,为亚麻荠进一步开发利用提供参考。     

亚麻荠籽饼基本营养成分分析

为了进一步开发利用亚麻荠籽饼，增加亚麻荠籽饼再利用价值，对亚麻荠籽饼基本营养成分进行分析。结果表明：亚麻荠籽饼中水分、灰分、水溶性浸出物、醇溶性浸出物、粗纤维、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪含量分别为8.10%、5.80%、25.40%、20.80%、18.50%、34.25%、9.62%；5种矿质元素铁、钙、锌、锰、铜含量分别为219.7、210.0、56.1、27.9、8.7 mg/kg；亚麻荠籽饼共检出16种氨基酸，总量为17.01 g/100 g，其中7种必需氨基酸含量为8.54 g/100 g，占氨基酸总量的50.19%，9种非必需氨基酸含量为8.47 g/100 g，占氨基酸总量的49.81%；亚麻荠籽饼中总多酚和总黄酮含量分别为1.45%、1.28%；亚麻荠籽饼中检出胆甾醇、菜油甾醇、豆甾醇、β-谷甾醇等4种植物甾醇，含量分别为83.6、102.0、6.9、266.4 mg/kg。综上所述，亚麻荠籽饼营养丰富，具有用作除动物饲料以外的产品开发的价值。     

HPLC测定亚麻荠种子中芦丁及指纹图谱研究

为更好地评价亚麻荠种子的质量,采用HPLC测定12批亚麻荠种子的芦丁含量,并建立了亚麻荠种子的HPLC指纹图谱,通过TCMYS指纹图谱软件对不同产地亚麻荠种子指纹图谱进行相似度分析。结果表明,HPLC测定芦丁的标准曲线回归方程线性关系良好（r=0.999）,平均加标回收率为99.37%,12批亚麻荠种子指纹图谱相似度较高,标定16个共有峰。HPLC指纹图谱方法稳定性及重复性良好,可为亚麻荠种子的质量评价及质量控制提供依据。     

亚麻荠籽多糖提取工艺的响应面优化 及其体外抗氧化活性

以亚麻荠籽饼为原料,以多糖得率为指标,在单因素试验基础上采用响应面试验对恒温搅拌提取亚麻荠籽多糖工艺进行优化,并探讨亚麻荠籽粗多糖提取物的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,恒温搅拌提取亚麻荠籽多糖的最佳工艺条件为提取温度90 ℃、料液比1∶ 18、提取时间85 min、搅拌速度200 r/min,在此条件下提取2次,亚麻荠籽多糖得率为1.71%。亚麻荠籽粗多糖提取物对DPPH自由基与羟自由基均呈现出一定的清除能力,对羟自由基的清除能力优于DPPH自由基。研究结果为亚麻荠籽多糖的提取以及应用提供了理论依据。     

壶瓶碎米荠富硒油脂理化特征及体外抗氧化活性的研究

为研究壶瓶碎米荠种子中富硒油脂的理化特征及体外抗氧化能力,采用索氏提取法提取壶瓶碎米荠种子中富硒油脂,参照国家标准对酸价、过氧化值等指标进行评价,利用HS-SPME-GC-MS和GC-MS法鉴定油脂组成及其油脂挥发性物质,微波消解-原子荧光法测定油脂中硒的含量,福林酚法测定油脂中总酚含量;以该油脂对DPPH、超氧阴离子...     

特丁基对苯二酚与迷迭香提取物对亚麻荠籽油贮藏稳定性的影响

采用Schaal烘箱法与Rancimat法,以过氧化值(POV)及氧化诱导时间为指标,研究特丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)与迷迭香提取物对亚麻荠籽油贮藏稳定性的影响,分析两种抗氧化剂对加速氧化前后亚麻荠籽油脂肪酸组成的影响,对比分析两种方法在预测亚麻荠籽油货架期方面的准确性。结果表明:亚麻荠籽油氧化稳定性较差,TBHQ与迷迭香提取物可有效延长亚麻荠籽油的贮藏时间,其中0.02% TBHQ与0.04%迷迭香提取物配合使用效果最佳,20℃下预期贮藏时间延长至608 d以上。加速氧化后亚麻荠籽油中多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)减少约59.8%,饱和脂肪酸(SFA)与单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)分别增多约101.9%与71.8%,添加不同抗氧化剂后亚麻荠籽油脂肪酸组成与烘箱法预测的货架期呈极显著相关性(P<0.01)。Rancimat法与Schaal烘箱法预测货架期存在较大差异,Schaal烘箱法预测亚麻荠籽油货架期具有更高准确性。     

响应面优化亚麻荠饼粕多酚提取工艺及其抑菌和抗氧化活性研究

以多酚得率为评价指标,单因素试验结合响应曲面分析法优化亚麻荠饼粕多酚提取工艺参数,并分别采用倍比稀释法、ABTS自由基清除能力测定法及总抗氧化性能测定法评价其体外抑菌和抗氧化活性。结果表明：在乙醇浓度45%、料液比1∶45g/mL、超声温度68℃、超声时间40min的最佳提取条件下,亚麻荠饼粕多酚的得率达3.78%±0.02%,与理论预测值比较接近。亚麻荠饼粕多酚提取物对大肠杆菌、化脓性链球菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌具有强烈的抑制作用,MIC和MBC均在6.25mg/mL以下;亚麻荠饼粕多酚提取物具有很强的ABTS自由基清除能力及还原Fe3+的能力。优化后的亚麻荠饼粕多酚超声辅助提取工艺稳定可行,且其提取物具有较强的抑菌活性和抗氧化能力。     

正交试验法优化亚麻荠籽毛油制取工艺研究

采用压榨-浸出法考察亚麻荠籽毛油制取工艺并对其毛油进行品质分析。用单因素试验探讨压榨各因素对饼粕残油率的影响,并采用正交试验法优化压榨制取亚麻荠籽毛油工艺参数;其次,采用单因素试验探讨浸出各因素对饼粕残油提取率的影响,并采用正交试验法优化浸出工艺参数;最后参照国标对亚麻荠籽压榨与浸出毛油基本理化指标进行分析。结果表明,压榨制取亚麻荠籽毛油的最佳工艺参数为压力55MPa、含水量6.3%～7.3%、压榨时间40～50min;以正己烷为溶剂的亚麻荠籽饼粕残油最佳提取工艺参数为料液比1:12(m:V)、浸出时间2.5h、浸出温度40-50℃。此工艺生产的亚麻荠籽毛油品质良好,仅需要简单的精制工艺即可符合国标要求。     

亚麻蛋白冰淇淋品质影响因素及评价

以冷榨法榨油后的亚麻籽饼粕为原料,亚麻籽饼粕采用酶制剂提取脱胶、脱脂获得亚麻蛋白,研究亚麻蛋白在冰淇淋配方中的应用。影响亚麻蛋白冰淇淋的因素为：亚麻蛋白、奶油、脱脂奶粉和蔗糖,以感官评价为指标,采用单因素实验和正交实验优化亚麻蛋白冰淇淋配方。确定最佳配方为：亚麻蛋白含量3%、脱脂奶粉含量13%、奶油含量15%、蔗糖含量16%。应用此配方亚麻蛋白冰淇淋感官评分为95.32±0.41分,膨胀率为69.67%±0.91%,抗融性5.28%±0.98%。     

Effects of feeding camelina (seeds or meal) on milk fatty acid composition and butter spreadability

The nutritional and rheological properties of butter depend on the fatty acid composition of milk. Therefore, feeding oilseeds rich in unsaturated fatty acids is likely to affect butter properties. The aim of this trial was to examine to what extent feeding the linolenic acid-rich cruciferous plant camelina can affect the fatty acid composition of dairy products and the properties of butter. A control diet composed of 60% corn silage-based ration and completed with high-energy and nitrogenous concentrates was compared with 2 experimental diets designed to provide the same amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids via either camelina seed (630 g/d, CS diet) or camelina meal (2 kg/d, CM diet). The diets were isoenergetic and isonitrogenous. The trial followed a double 3 × 3 Latin-square design with 4-wk periods on 6 Holstein dairy cows. The camelina diets tended to decrease dry matter intake but did not have a significant effect on milk production. They generated a slight decrease in milk protein and a strong decrease in milk fat yield and content. The CM diet led to a stronger decrease in fat content. Camelina generated a greater proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids, notably C18:1 trans isomers, including trans-10 and trans-11 C18:1, which increased by 11.0- and 2.6-fold, respectively, with the CM diet. Camelina also led to an increase in conjugated linoleic acids, particularly rumenic acid, cis-9, trans-11 C18:2. Camelina did not affect parameters of buttermaking except churning time with milk from CM fed cows, which was longer. The butters of camelina diets were softer at all temperatures tested, especially with the CM diet. In conclusion, feeding camelina can modify milk fatty acid profile and butter spreadability.     

Oxidative stability of camelina oil in salad dressings,mayonnaises and during frying

Oxidative stability of omega‐3 rich camelina oil in food products and during frying was evaluated and compared with sunflower oil. Camelina oil‐based salad dressings were of similar oxidative stability to those prepared with sunflower oil, as indicated by predominantly insignificant (P > 0.05) differences in peroxide values (PV), ρ‐anisidine values (AV), total oxidation values (TOTOX), conjugated diene levels (CD) and conjugated triene levels (CT). However, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) for camelina oil and salad dressings throughout storage. Camelina and sunflower oils, alone and in salad dressings or mayonnaises, were acceptable to a sensory analysis panel with slightly lower scores for camelina oil. PV, AV and TOTOX values were similar for camelina and sunflower oil during deep frying but while PVs remained low (<10 meq kg^?1), AV and TOTOX values increased quickly. TBARS values were significantly higher in deep‐frying camelina oil and ‘fishy’ odours were observed.     

Oxidative Stability of ω3-rich Camelina Oil and Camelina Oil-based Spread Compared with Plant and Fish Oils and Sunflower Spread

ABSTRACT: The oxidative stability of ω3‐rich oil from Camelina sativa and the storage stability of a camelina oil‐based spread were evaluated. Camelina oil was more stable than fish oil and linseed oil, but less stable than sunflower, corn, sesame, and olive oils, indicated by measuring peroxide values (PV), ρ‐anisidine values (AV), total oxidation values (Totox), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), conjugated diene levels (CD), and conjugated triene levels (CT) during storage at 65 °C for 16 d. The camelina oil‐based spread had higher PV, AV, Totox, TBARS, CD, and CT than the sunflower spread but maintained adequate sensory quality for 16 wk of storage at 4 °C or 8 °C.     

The occurrence and characterisation of phenolic compounds in Camelina sativa seed, cake and oil

In this study, the antioxidant activities of Camelina sativa methanolic extracts were evaluated by different chemical assays: reducing power, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·) assay, the β-carotene bleaching method and the metal chelating activity assay. An LC-MS profiling method was used for a comprehensive study of the phenolic compounds and their representation in camelina seeds, cake and oil. For this purpose, 4-vinyl derivatives of hydroxycinnamic acids were synthesized by thermal decarboxylation of the corresponding phenolic acids and sinapine was isolated from kale (Brassica oleracea) applying a new method and confirmed by NMR. The results revealed that besides the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity, seeds and cake also possess a similar phenolic profile. In addition to sinapine and 4-vinyl derivatives, other antioxidants were successfully identified: ellagic acid, protocatechuic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, sinapic acid, salicylic acid, catechin, rutin, quercetin and quercetin glucoside. Since after oil pressing most of the phenolic compounds remain in the seed residues, only a few compounds were identified in the oil. Camelina cake was found to have the best reducing power and radical scavenging activity, whereas camelina oil, with a relatively low phenolic content, exhibited the highest iron-chelating capacity and the best inhibitory action against β-carotene discolouration in an emulsified system.     

Changes occurring in phenolic content,tocopherol composition and oxidative stability of Camelina sativa oil during storage

Changes occurring during storage in the content of polar phenolic compounds, the composition of tocopherols (T), the presence of primary and secondary oxidative products and titratable acidity in oil obtained from the seeds of Camelina sativa were studied. In fresh oil the content of polar phenolic compounds amounted to 128 mg/kg (expressed as chlorogenic acid), the content of α-T was (41 ± 8) mg/kg, of γ-T (710 ± 19) mg/kg and of δ-T (12 ± 3) mg/kg. β-T and tocotrienols were not detected. In oil stored at 50 °C the concentration of total tocopherols decreased to a value of (440 ± 13) mg/kg in 15 days. In that time the content of polar phenolic compounds in the oil stored at 50 °C was reduced to 72% of its initial value. The content of polar phenolic compounds in oil stored at 65 °C for 15 days was reduced to 21% of its initial value. The content of polar phenolic compounds in the C. sativa oil investigated decreased linearly with peroxide value and with p-anisidine value. The antioxidative activity of polar phenolic compounds extracted from camelina oil was also elucidated. Analysis revealed that the phenolic extract obtained from camelina oil added to a model lipid system for a certain time significantly retarded the process of autooxidation.     

Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Camelina Oil on Porcine Blood Lipids

ABSTRACT: The effects of dietary supplementation with camelina oil on porcine plasma fatty acid composition and on serum cholesterol/triglyceride concentrations were investigated and compared with the effects of fish oil. The diets consisted of a control diet and diets supplemented with 5% camelina oil, 10% camelina oil and 5% fish oil. The camelina and fish-oil diets increased plasma ω3 fatty acids and reduced plasma ω6 fatty acids. Plasma eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5ω3, EPA) was increased more by the fish oils diet than the camelina-oil diets. Serum triglyceride levels were reduced by the camelina-oil diets.     

Effect of Extraction Method on the Oxidative Stability of Camelina Seed Oil Studied by Differential Scanning Calorimetry

Camelina seed is a new alternative omega‐3 source attracting growing interest. However, it is susceptible to oxidation due to its high omega‐3 content. The objective of this study was to improve the oxidative stability of the camelina seed oil at the extraction stage in order to eliminate or minimize the use of additive antioxidants. Camelina seed oil extracts were enriched in terms of natural antioxidants using ethanol‐modified supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO₂) extraction. Oxidative stability of the camelina seed oils extracted by ethanol modified SC‐CO₂ was studied by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and compared with cold press, hexane, and SC‐CO₂ methods. Nonisothermal oxidation kinetics of the oils obtained by different extraction methods were studied by DSC at varying heating rates (2.5, 5, 10, and 15 ° C/min). Increasing ethanol level in the ethanol‐modified SC‐CO₂ increased the oxidative stability. Based on oxidation onset temperatures (T_on), SC‐CO₂ containing 10% ethanol yielded the most stable oil. Oxidative stability depended on the type and content of the polar fractions, namely, phenolic compounds and phospholipids. Phenolic compounds acted as natural antioxidants, whereas increased phospholipid contents decreased the stability. Study has shown that the oxidative stability of the oils can be improved at the extraction stage and this may eliminate the need for additive antioxidants.     

Identification of bioactive compounds and total phenol contents of cold pressed oils from safflower and camelina seeds

The compositions of fatty acids, tocopherols, polyphenols, sterols, and the total phenol contents of cold pressed oils obtained from five varieties of safflower seeds and ten varieties of camelina seeds cultivated in Turkey were determined. Total phenol contents of safflower oils were higher (272.20–525.30 mg GAE/kg) than camelina seed oils (25.90–63.70 mg GAE/kg). Apigenin, luteolin, tyrosol, syringic acid, 3-hydroxytyrosol, p-coumaric acid and sinapic acid were detected in seed oils. Camelina seed oils were rich in tocopherol (144.11–168.69 mg/100 g). γ-Tocopherol was the predominant tocopherol in camelina seed oils consisting of averagely 80% of total tocopherol, while α-tocopherol was the main compound of safflower seed oils, representing 97.85–98.53% of total tocopherols. β-Sitosterol was the major sterol in both type of seed oils. Its concentration ranged between 92.51–121.83 mg/100 g and 80.52–25.54 mg/100 g in safflower seed and camelina oils, respectively. Camelina seed oils contained 22.31–26.57% linolenic acid, 21.25–24.05% linoleic acid and 19.46–21.47% oleic acid, whereas safflower seed oils mainly consisted of linoleic (28.03–76.85%) and oleic (13.01–62.61%) acids.     

文冠果油的营养成分及功能活性研究进展北大核心CSCD

为了促进文冠果油的基础研究和综合开发利用,综述了文冠果油中的营养成分,分析了文冠果油营养成分组成及含量的影响因素,并对文冠果油食用安全性评价和功能活性进行了总结。文冠果油脂肪酸组成的突出特点是含有较高的神经酸和芥酸,另外,文冠果油还含有植物甾醇、维生素E等微量营养成分。产地、提取工艺和贮存条件影响文冠果油营养成分组成及含量。文冠果油具有神经保护、抑菌、抗氧化等作用。基于营养成分和功能活性,文冠果油极具市场开发前景,应进一步评估其健康风险、食用安全性和毒理学,为开发文冠果食用油资源提供参考。