采用天然气烘窑的实践

<正>我公司5 000t/d生产线经过不断地实践探索,成功实现了采用天然气进行烘窑,且全程自动化操作,改变了水泥厂使用柴油烘窑的现状,为清洁能源在水泥行业的应用开辟了新的方向。1天然气烘窑系统天然气来自厂外天然气公司,我公司铺设了天然气管道直接供气入燃烧器油枪。天然气烘窑装置由控制阀件、高能点火系统、紫外线检测装置、燃气和助燃     

燃煤式冶金活性石灰回转窑烘窑方案

众所周知,烘窑的好坏直接关系到窑炉正常使用寿命。好的烘窑方案不仅可以缩短烘窑周期,而且可以节约大量的资金。河北龙凤山炉料有限责任公司400t·d^-1活性石灰回转窑烘窑取得了成功,从烘窑到达到设计生产能力为1个月。     

80m长隧道窑烘窑操作方法

介绍了马钢耐火材料公司80m长小断面隧道窑的烘窑过程和烘窑要点,指出要做好前期准备工作,准确控制温度和压力,确保烘窑过程的顺利进行。     

热电联供型资源综合利用电站的建设

利用水泥窑系统的废气余热通过回收装置产生蒸汽并驱动汽轮发电机组进行发电,大致有中空窑高温余热发电、预分解窑及预分解窑带补燃锅炉的中低温余热发电、预热器及悬浮预热器窑纯低温余热发电三种模式。其中,对于带补燃锅炉的中低温预分解窑发电系统,在国内1000t/d及以上预分解窑上已经得以推广应用,并取得了良好的节能效果和经济效益。这种发电系统主要是回收和利用预分解窑     

小型回转窑烘窑的操作要领及注意事项

本文从生产实践介绍了回转窑烘窑过程的准备工作和具体操作方法，对烘窑时间、翻转窑时安全注意事项作了说明。     

一种省油的烘窑方法

<正>我公司5000t/d生产线回转窑规格为Φ4.8m×72m,点火升温一般采用轻柴油烘窑,每次大修后或长时间停运后,点火升温需要用20 000L左右的轻柴油。2013年2月我公司对2号窑的烘窑过程进行了改进,采用精煤与轻柴油混烧的方法来烘窑,节省了大量轻柴油。1改进措施本次烘窑用精煤的工业分析见表1,该煤的灰分低,挥发分高,容易着火。     

五级旋风预热器窑烘窑点火控制程序

1996年12月20日,我厂Φ3.2×52m五级旋风预热器窑一次点火带负荷试机成功,通过近几年的生产实践我们对优质、高产、节能等有了一些认识,本文介绍烘窑点火方面的操作要领和注意事项。 1 烘窑前的准备 回转窑内耐火材料工程施工完毕,窑尾预热器试机且经检查通过后,可以开始烘窑。首先制备约     

提高预分解窑烧成带碱性砖使用周期的措施

正确选用碱性砖的砖型、供货及验货方式、烘窑燃料是提高碱性砖使用周期的基础;正确监控窑筒体表面温度,有效控制烧成带窑皮及碱性砖的厚度,有利于提高预分解窑的运转率;正确控制预分解窑的烘窑升温曲线及冷窑降温曲线,防止碱性砖骤然温度剧变引起炸裂和剥落,有利于提高碱性砖的运转周期。     

回旋式烘干窑的自适应控制

本文作者在美期间以直接式对流型回旋烘窑为对象,研究设计了回旋窑烘干过程的自适应控制系统。全部工作包括建立较精确的数学动态模型、模型的数字仿真、动态特性的分析研究、模型参数在线辨识和自整定适应式控制。其基本方法和结论可推广到其他各类型的回旋烘窑中。由于近代控制理论在烘窑过程中的成功应用报道甚少,本刊将分两次刊登其部分研究成果。     

新建煤气隧道窑的烘窑方法

重点介绍了一条新建93m煤气隧道窑的烘窑方法，介绍了该烘窑方法的优点及其烘烤的操作步骤和要点。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.