基于LSSVM的电子装备故障预测研究

针对电子装备的故障信息不足,故障发生率高等特点,通过故障预测有效的监测设备故障状态以及发展趋势,实现对设备的事先维修,避免重大事故的发生,提高电子设备的安全性。对电子装备故障预测进行了分析,提出了一种基于最小二乘支持向量机（LSSVM）的故障预测方法。首先介绍了LSSVM故障预测算法的基本原理和预测流程;然后,对整个电子装备的故障预测研究可以从一个类似的模拟带通滤波器电路故障预测研究出发,将该元件容差设为不同范围来定义电路的不同故障状态,将LSSVM方法与最小二乘法、支持向量机法对电路的不同状态进行预测,可以得到不同状态的预测值,研究结果表明提出的方法能够实现模拟电路的缓变故障预测,且预测效果较好。     

基于建康管理技术的机载计算机智能故障诊断方法

为了满足飞机机载电子设备以状态监控为基础的视情维修保障策略,提升设备可维护性,提出了一种基于在线检测、故障预测、辅助决策的健康监控管理故障诊断方法,支持对机载电子设备的健康状态进行预测和评估。通过划分机载电子设备子功能的敏感威胁区域,对这些区域设计专门的威胁预警监控电路,进行功能危害监控,建立推理监控模型对监控电路故障进行预警监控,结合辅助决策的方式对预警到的故障进行定位,实现对电子设备的智能故障诊断。通过FMEA的分析与故障注入测试验证,该预警电路、推理模型和辅助决策能有效的预测故障及定位,具有较高的故障预测覆盖率,可提高机载计算机的维修性、降低维修时间,在电子设备视情维修策略上具备工程应用价值。     

基于改进神经网络算法的医疗锂电池PHM系统设计

针对医疗电子设备锂电池不确定性发生故障耽误病人救治的问题,提出了一套医疗电子设备锂电池故障预测与健康管理系统(Prognostics and Health Management-PHM);搭建了一套医疗电子设备锂电池数据测试与退化状态模拟的实验平台;为了反映医疗电子设备锂电池健康状态,将锂电池四个健康因子作为医疗电子设备锂电池退化状态的特征进行提取,并通过非线性自回归(Nonlinear Autogressive with Exogenous Inputs-NARX)神经网络,对四个健康因子的数据进行训练,训练后用于容量估计,得出等间隔放电时间序列能够较好地表征锂电池健康状态;为了提高基本粒子滤波算法(Particle Filter-PF)的精度从而更精确地预测锂电池剩余寿命(Remaing Useful Life-RUL),通过人工免疫粒子滤波算法(Artificial Immune Particle FilterAIPF)与经验模型对锂电池进行剩余寿命预测,并将PF预测的结果与AIPF预测的结果进行对比,发现AIPF预测更加准确,说明AIPF有效抑制了PF重采样过程中粒子退化问题,验证了医疗电子设备锂电池故障预测与健康管理系统的可行性与可实施性。     

基于多维标度的非线性模拟电路故障诊断方法

在非线性模拟电路故障诊断中,考虑到在电路的不同故障状态下,电路的输出响应也会各不相同。针对这种输出响应的差异性,提出了一种基于多维标度(MDS)的非线性模拟电路故障诊断的方法,将电路不同故障状态下输出响应的差异性,转换为一个低维的拟合构图,从而分辨不同的故障类型。仿真结果表明:在电路的单故障情况下,提出的方法能有效地将不同的故障进行分类,实现故障元件的定位,并在低维坐标系中直观地观察不同故障间的差异性,具有较高的准确率。     

AFSA优化灰色神经网络的某电源组合故障预测

针对电源组合故障预测的需求,提出了一种基于人工鱼群算法(Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm,AFSA)优化灰色神经网络的故障预测方法;文中首先对AFSA算法和灰色神经网络进行了介绍;然后在此基础上提出了基于AFSA优化灰色神经网络的故障预测模型,并给出了AFSA优化灰色神经网络参数的算法步骤;最后对制导雷达波束控制系统中的某电源组合进行了故障预测,预测结果表明该预测方法误差较小,达到了预期效果。     

基于LIB-SVM的电子设备故障预测方法研究

为及时了解电子设备的运行状态,实现电子设备未来某时刻故障预测,将“事后维修”转变为“事前预防”,在统计学习理论(SLT)的基础上,采用LIB-SVM支持向量回归方法,对小样本、非线性条件下的数据进行拟合,并根据自动测试设备(ATE)测得的实际数据及专家经验,对该方法进行了验证;经实验证明,该方法是可行的、有效的,对电子设备的故障预测具有较高的准确度.     

基于隶属度函数的电子设备故障预测研究

针对当前电子设备模块化方向发展现状,及时了解电子设备的运行状态,预防故障并缩短维修时间,采用模糊隶属度函数的方法,将设备的模糊状态进行量化,引入可信度因子及有关融合算法对以上数据进行处理,最后根据自动测试设备(ATE)测得的数据及专家经验,对该方法进行了验证;经实验证明,该方法是可行有效的,对电子设备的故障预测具有较高的准确度。     

基于RVM和相空间重构的模拟电路PHM研究

针对模拟电路健康管理的特点,提出了一种基于RVM的模拟电路故障诊断和预测方法。首先对模拟电路作蒙特卡罗分析得到输出频域响应,然后利用小波分解与重构方法提取模拟电路的故障特征,最后用相关向量机分别对电路进行了单一故障和双故障的诊断研究。接着,对电路进行参数分析,得到不同参数值下的输出响应,计算其与电路无故障标准响应的欧氏距离作为故障特征,并以此表征电路元件健康值,结合相空间重构方法,得到相关向量机的输入输出样本,随后训练学习并实现对各个时间点元件的健康值变化轨迹进行预测。仿真结果表明,该方法在小样本情况下,诊断和预测效果好,适用于健康管理中实时预测,具有较好的实用性。     

PSO优化LS-SVM在模拟电路故障预测中的应用

针对模拟电路故障预测的特点,提出一种基于PSO优化LS-SVM惩罚因子和核参数的模拟电路故障预测方法;利用小波包分解重构构造能量特征向量,通过计算PPMCC和欧氏距离来表征电路中元件的健康程度,定义为健康度,由此推导出电路发生故障时该元件的故障阈值;应用PSO优化的LS-SVM模型来实现模拟电路的故障预测,预测各个时间点的健康度变化轨迹并估计模拟电路的剩余寿命;通过仿真实验得知,该方法简单便捷,能够有效实现模拟电路的故障预测,具有较好的实用性。     

一种模拟滤波器电路的故障诊断方法

针对模拟滤波器电路,提出了一种基于测前仿真和测后仿真相结合的故障诊断方法;在测前仿真环节,通过仿真获取电路正常状态及故障状态的幅频响应曲线,引入“区别度”计算电路故障状态和正常状态的区分程度,从而确定电路的可测故障集,并通过频率选择建立可测故障集的故障字典;在测后仿真环节,通过不同频率的激励获得电路故障状态的测试数据,再利用“区别度”计算测试数据与故障字典中各故障特征的区分程度,通过最小“区别度”实现故障检测及故障元件的定位;最后通过一个滤波器电路仿真实例,基于PSpice仿真和Matlab程序计算实现了基于测前仿真的可测故障集确定和故障字典建立,以及基于测后仿真的故障检测和故障元件定位,验证了文章提出方法的实用性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。