基于信息流模型的自动驾驶仪多故障诊断分析

为了在多故障情况下对自动驾驶仪故障做出正确诊断,提出了基于相关性矩阵的多故障诊断完备性分析方法,并给出了严格的数学证明;首先对系统的软硬件模块进行分析与划分,利用信息流模型建立故障与测试间的相关性矩阵模型;再根据多故障情况下的诊断完备性分析方法对相关性矩阵进行行列变换,说明在多故障情况下此自动驾驶仪的故障诊断正确率理论上能达到100%,最后构建其故障诊断方法;实际应用表明,此方法对于自动驾驶仪的分析是有效的,可满足系统的指标要求。     

机载设备测试性建模与应用

测试性模型是进行测试性仿真、设计、分析、评估的基础和关键。该文描述了设备测试性建模方法与测试性建模流程,为实现对复杂系统的测试性分析及故障诊断,获取有指导意义的诊断策略服务实际应用。测试性设计中采用多信号流建模技术,分层次建立某型机载音频设备的测试性模型;对设备故障模式、故障影响的分析归纳,收集各层级设备故障模式样本形成FMEA分析表;运用计算机建模仿真工具辅助,构建了定量化的测试性模型;通过模型仿真获得被测设备故障检测率、隔离率以及相关故障诊断流程;经测试性指标对比分析及测试性试验验证,发现该测试性模型中薄弱环节,经过迭代模型、改进测试性方案后,显著提高了设备的测试性指标,满足设备的应用使用需求。     

机载装备测试性模型设计与优化

现代机载武器高度集成化、层次化的特点使得多数外部设备无法对其添加足够的测试点以获取全部的故障诊断信息,导致自动检测效率低下。提出一种层次化测试性建模方法,通过对复杂系统层次划分,建立起包含全部测试属性的多层次测试性有向图模型。基于该有向图模型,分析模型中各单元模块与测试间的关系,建立故障-测试相关性矩阵并得到模型的测试性属性。利用模型测试点和测试项的优化反馈结果,更新测试设备中的测试程序集。在测试执行期间不断积累维修经验,修正故障概率,更准确地将故障定位到满足当前机载设备维修精度的层级。最后以某温控系统为例进行分析,对本文所提方法的有效性进行验证。结果表明,该建模方法将优化模型的可测试性,提高外部测试设备对机载装备的检测效率及维修深度。     

基于遗传算法的自动驾驶仪测试性分析

为了提高导弹自动驾驶仪故障测试与诊断的快速性与准确性,提出了一种基于遗传算法的自动驾驶仪测试性分析方法;此方法通过分析和解决遗传算法应用于故障测试优选时的难点,以测试时间最短为优化目标,得到了故障测试策略的优化方法,在满足测试覆盖性要求的同时,能达到最佳的优化效果;在获得最优测试策略后,利用故障测试获得的知识,简化故障与测试间的相关性矩阵,加快了故障诊断的速度;最终获得了故障测试与诊断一体化的方法;实验结果表明,该方法能有效提高故障测试与诊断的速度,并且易于实现.     

基于相关性模型的BIT诊断策略技术研究*

提出了一种基于相关性模型的机内测试诊断策略。首先根据机内测试系统的诊断策略模型,以相关性矩阵为基础,综合考虑可靠性和测试代价等因素,利用AO*算法构建了决策树;然后根据信息量的大小依次选择测试点,并确定出优化的诊断策略序列。实例分析结果表明,该方法计算复杂度小,所得的诊断策略在较低的测试代价下可以有效提高机内测试的故障检测和隔离率。     

基于虚拟仪器的导弹自动驾驶仪测试系统设计

针对某型号导弹自动驾驶仪故障检测和诊断难题,在分析自动驾驶仪功能和特性基础上,基于虚拟仪器技术设计开发了自动测试硬件平台;测试系统软件完成敏感元件、指令等激励信号的模拟,对自动驾驶仪输出信号采集、处理和分析,并对测试结果进行判定,最后给出故障定位;通过对自动驾驶仪故障件的测试和验证,自动测试系统工作高效、稳定,为该型号导弹自动驾驶仪的故障测试和诊断提供了高效的方法和手段。     

基于模拟退火粒子群算法的不可靠测试点优化

针对实际复杂系统测试与诊断时存在虚警和漏检的情况问题,提出在不可靠测试条件下,基于模拟退火粒子群(SA-PSO)算法的测试点优化方法。首先综合考虑不可靠测试条件下测试点的故障检测能力、故障隔离能力及结果信任度设计了评价测试点性能的启发函数;然后,将该启发函数与测试费用最小原则相结合,并根据测试性指标的要求,构建确保测试点最优的适应度函数;最后,设计基于模拟退火粒子群算法的不可靠测试点优化步骤,并用阿波罗发射系统实例验证了该算法的优越性。结果表明SA-PSO算法能够在满足测试性指标的要求下获得最小测试费用的测试点集,其故障检测率、隔离率都优于贪婪算法及遗传算法。     

机载雷达系统测试性分析与优化

针对机载雷达系统的特点,研究了系统测试性建模问题。根据机载PD雷达的组成和主要功能,结合FMEA分析结果,使用eXpress软件建立了机载PD雷达测距子系统的测试性模型,对模型的测试性参数进行了计算和分析。对测距子系统模型构造出故障信息矩阵,通过逐步分解故障信息矩阵的方法,对模型进行测试点优选。运用故障植入法通过测试设备对雷达进行测试,并计算测试性参数,计算结果表明所采用的测试方法满足系统测试性的要求。     

基于混合诊断模型的诊断设计优化方法研究

在现有的测试性诊断模型中,混合诊断的建模方法具有将功能与故障模式在同一相关性模型中统一建模的优点;通过学习基于混合诊断模型的诊断建模分析工具eXpress,对混合诊断模型的建模过程、测试类型、相关性模型建模方法在混合诊断建模的应用以及诊断策略生成过程进行了研究,最后,结合某滤波器电路进行建模分析,实验证明,混合诊断的建模及其测试优化选择是非常有效的。     

基于关联模型的故障样本集覆盖性定量评价方法

针对测试性验证试验样本集覆盖性差和试验结果可信度低的问题,为有效评价测试性验证试验样本集,提出了基于关联模型的故障样本集覆盖性定量评价方法;该方法定义了系统的信息要素模型,包括结构、功能、测试点、测试项目、测试信号5个测试性设计要素和一个故障模式要素;在此基础上分析设计要素间及其与故障模式间的相互映射关系,建立设计特性要素关联模型和故障模式与设计特性要素关联模型,并根据建立的关联关系得到故障模式直接和间接相关的特性要素,计算故障样本集对设计要素的覆盖率;最后,通过案例应用证明了该方法的正确性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。