机器人的混合特征视觉环境感知方法

提出一种基于颜色直方图和SIFT混合特征的机器人视觉环境感知方法。该方法将颜色直方图的"色"与SIFT算法的"形"有机结合,有效提高了感知精度和实时性。对图像进行平均亮度调整并对颜色直方图特征加入主颜色直方图,使之对环境光照和动态变化具有更好的鲁棒性;通过控制特征点数和加入局部颜色统计信息方式改进SIFT算法,提高了特征生成速度和匹配准确度。利用分级匹配方法加速了特征检索过程,并采用本文提出的基于数据知识的推理方法进一步提高了感知精度。仿真与实验结果表明,随着数据库规模扩大,本文方法在感知精度和实时性上的性能优势越发明显。     

基于简化Forstner算子改进的SIFT无人机图像识别算法

根据无人机获取图像信息量大、处理实时性要求高的特点,寻找一种符合无人机特点的图像目标识别算法,提高图像识别的效率。SIFT(Scale Invariant Features Transform)算法具有良好的准确性和鲁棒性,能够克服一定的图像形变及遮挡影响,但其还难以满足无人机图像的处理实时性,利用简化的Forstner算子对SIFT算法进行改进,降低SIFT算法特征点获取过程的计算量。通过仿真实验,证明改进的SIFT算法可以提高识别和匹配的速度和准确率,可以满足复杂背景下无人机目标识别精度与速度的需求。     

无人飞行器视觉SLAM特征检测和匹配算法研究

近几年图像局部特征检测和描述在机器人视觉中得到了广泛的应用,鲁棒的、快速且高精度的视觉特征检测和描述算法对飞行器进行实时的位姿估计和地图构建具有决定性意义;针对四旋翼无人飞行器平台的RGB-D传感器同时定位与地图构建(SLAM),讨论FAST、STAR、SIFT和SURF等检测算法和ORB、FREAK和SURF等匹配描述符的性能,对不同的特征算法进行对比评估出最合适的特征检测方法和匹配描述符;最后,基于Eclipse与OpenCV平台进行了实验,实验结果表明FAST检测和FREAK描述符比其他方法更适用于四旋翼飞行器在板视觉SLAM,且能基本满足实时性。     

基于CUDA加速的图像配准算法

针对传统图像拼接算法速度较慢,难以满足获取大分辨率全景图像的实时性要求,本文提出一种基于CUDA的快速鲁棒特征(speeded-up-robust features, SURF)图像配准算法,从GPU线程执行模型、编程模型和内存模型等方面,对传统SURF算法特征点的检测和描述进行CUDA并行优化;基于FLANN和RANSAC算法,采用双向匹配策略进行特征匹配,提高配准精度.结果表明,相对串行算法,本文并行算法对不同分辨率的图像均可实现10倍以上的加速比,而且配准精度较传统配准算法提高17%,精度最优可高达96%.基于CUDA加速的SURF算法可广泛应用于安防监控领域,实现全景图像的实时配准.     

基于改进ORB算法的虚实注册方法

针对增强现实(AR)中虚实注册的精度和实时性易受图像纹理和不均匀光照影响的问题,提出一种改进的ORB算法予以解决。首先,设置ORB特征点数量和距离阈值对图像特征点稠密区域进行优化,利用并行算法保留特征值较大的N个特征点;然后,采用离散差异特征增强光照不均匀变化时的稳定性,将改进的ORB与词袋(BOF)模型结合,实现基准图像的快速检索;最后,利用图像间的单应性关系实现虚实注册。从准确性和实时性两方面对提出的改进ORB算法与原始ORB算法、尺度不变特征变换(SIFT)算法和加速稳健特征(SURF)算法进行了对比实验分析,结果显示改进ORB算法的注册时间平均降低了约40%,准确性达到了95%以上。实验结果表明,所提出的算法在不同纹理和不均匀光照的情况下,具有更高的实时性、准确性。     

基于改进SIFT算法的无人机遥感图像匹配

将SIFT算法中高斯二阶微分模板与图像函数的卷积运算转化为箱式滤波器对积分图像的加减运算,引入SURF算子,减小特征点检测算子的特征向量维数,降低SIFT算法的计算复杂度,缩短图像匹配时间,从而解决了无人机遥感图像匹配对实时性要求较高的问题。仿真结果表明,改进的SIFT算法在保持原算法鲁棒性和匹配率的前提下,提高了运算速度。     

利用混合特征的多视角遥感图像配准

目的 多视角遥感图像配准是遥感图像处理领域的一项关键技术,其目的是精确获取图像间被测区域发生的几何变换关系。由于航拍视角变化以及地物的空间分布和几何形状的复杂度,多视角遥感图像间会产生非刚性畸变问题,增加了图像配准的难度,为此本文提出一种利用遥感图像SIFT（scale-invariant feature transform）特征点阵的全局和局部几何结构特征进行多视角遥感图像配准的算法。方法 通过增加对SIFT点阵的几何结构特征描述以及利用SIFT点阵间全局与局部几何结构特征的互补关系,提升存在非刚性畸变的多视角遥感图像配准精度。 结果 实验使用谷歌地球的卫星影像数据以及无人机航拍遥感数据对本文算法进行了测试,并与3种同类算法（SIFT、SURF（speeded-up robust features）、CPD（coherent point drift））进行对比实验,本文算法在存在非刚性畸变的多视角遥感图像配准中能够有效地提升SIFT特征点阵的配准精度,从而获得更加准确的多视角遥感图像配准结果。结论 本文实现了一种结合SIFT特征点阵的全局和局部几何结构特征进行多视角遥感图像配准的算法,实验结果表明了该方法对存在非刚性畸变的多视角遥感图像能够有效地进行配准,可适用于同源多视角情况下的遥感图像配准问题。     

基于改进SURF算法的柔性装夹机器人快速工件匹配方法

针对传统SURF算法在构建局部特征描述符时耗时较长,无法满足实时性要求的问题,提出了一种改进的SURF算法。首先,运用Hession矩阵行列式（DoH）检测图像中的关键点,并利用非极大值抑制法和插值运算搜索、定位极值点;其次,采用灰度质心法确定关键点的主方向;然后,采用二进制描述符BRIEF对关键点进行描述,并利用关键点的主方向构造带有方向的特征描述符,使其具有旋转不变性;最后,运用汉明距离初步确定匹配点,再用比率检测法和RANSAC算法去除误匹配点,进而获取精准配准。实验结果表明,该改进SURF算法在应用于机器人进行柔性装夹时,对工件图像的平均匹配时间由SURF算法的214.10 ms减少到86.29 ms;而且匹配精度方面比原SURF算法提高了2.6%,因此,所提算法能够有效提高柔性装夹机器人工件图像的匹配速度和匹配精度。     

多层次SIFT特征在语义概念检测中的应用

SIFT局部特征因良好的性能在图像和视频的语义概念检测中得到广泛应用。已经有很多学者对SIFT做了深入研究,并提出了PCA-SIFT,SURF,MSER等,但是在SIFT算法中,阶与阶之间采样率的变化对SIFT特征的影响关注很少。考察了SIFT算法中,阶与阶之间采用不同降采样率对SIFT特征差异性的基础上,提出了一种多层次的SIFT（ML-SIFT）算法。Caltech256和SceneClass13数据集上的实验表明,ML-SIFT相比于原始SIFT,其MAP的提高能够分别达到15.7%和5.1％。另外在Caltech256上,当采用不同比例的正负样本训练时,ML-SIFT算法具有较好的稳定性。同时,还将ML-SIFT算法、SIFT、SURF算法做了性能比较,SURF和SIFT算法的性能较接近,但是SIFT和SURF相对于ML-SIFT算法,则其性能较差。实验表明,ML-SIFT是有效的。     

基于SURF算法的人脸跟踪技术研究

人脸检测与跟踪技术是计算机视觉领域研究课题之一,在军事及民用领域应用广泛.在目标检测算法中,基于特征的方法具有压缩信息量、执行速度快、精度高等优点,成为近年来目标检测领域的研究热点.SIFT算法便是其中之一,但传统的SIFT算法应用于人脸检测过程中有数据量大、计算耗时长,提出了一种基于SURF算法的人脸检测方法,阐述了SURF算法的基本原理,并首先将SURF算法应用于人脸特征检测与跟踪,阐述了人脸跟踪系统设计方法,使用OpenCV技术实现了基于SURF算法的人脸跟踪验证系统.试验结果表明,基于SURF算法的人脸跟踪系统匹配识别效果较好,实时性较好、具有较好鲁棒性.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.