基于模糊势场法的移动机器人局部路径规划

针对采用传统人工势场法进行移动机器人局部路径规划时存在的局部极小点和规划路径过长等问题,提出了一种基于虚拟目标点和有限状态机的模糊势场法。构造基于人工势场的虚拟目标点法来解决局部极小点问题,在合适的位置设置虚拟目标点使机器人逃离局部极小点区域。将虚拟目标点法与模糊控制相结合,对障碍物环境进行预测,及时避障,解决机器人在复杂环境中采用虚拟目标点法规划路径时存在的路径过长问题。设计一个有限状态机来判断障碍物环境,执行算法转换策略,使改进算法适用于多种复杂环境。所设计算法在MATLAB平台上进行了仿真验证。结果表明,该算法能够使机器人逃出局部极小点、缩短规划路径。算法不仅适用于简单、离散环境,在传统算法运行困难的、复杂的环境中,例如墙型、U型和多U型障碍物环境,也能规划出可行的优化路径。     

基于模糊改进人工势场法的机器人避障方法研究

在内部密封、狭窄、多障碍的船舱环境中,障碍物的分布具有随机性和不确定性,对于移动机器人的避障方法而言,传统人工势场法存在目标不可达、局部极小值等问题.设计了一种基于模糊逻辑的改进人工势场法,在避障算法的局部极小值附近,基于模糊逻辑给予移动机器人辅助控制力,帮助机器人逃离局部极小值点,避免机器人在避障过程中陷入局部极小值点的问题,并且优化路径.仿真实验表明:在多障碍复杂环境下,该算法能实现机器人实时、安全的避障.     

基于势场栅格法的移动机器人避障路径规划

针对传统人工势场法应用于移动机器人避障路径规划存在的缺陷,建立了改进的人工势场模型,通过在障碍物的斥力势场函数中增加最小安全距离,同时考虑机器人与目标点的相对距离,成功地解决了障碍物附近目标不可达(Good Nonreachable with Obstacles Nearby GNRON)的问题。此外,针对传统人工势场法的局部极小点和障碍物附近目标不可达同时存在的问题,提出了以改进人工势场法为主,栅格法为辅的方案来实施避障,使得机器人能够尽快地脱离局部极小并成功地绕过障碍物到达目标点。采用栅格法对改进人工势场法做辅助决策,弥补了改进人工势场法的不足,使机器人能够顺利到达势场的全局最小点,提高了避障路径规划的安全性和可达性。论文利用Matlab进行了算法仿真,结果证明了所提方法的正确性和有效性。     

改进人工势场法的机器人避障及路径规划

针对机器人在传统人工势场避障过程中出现目标不可达和陷入极值点导致停滞不前的问题,通过改进传统人工势场的斥力场结构,解决目标不可达问题。在传统人工势场原有目标点产生的吸引力前提下,提出一种对比阀值,建立虚拟牵引点的方法,解决局部极小问题,增加快速函数提高机器人的运动速率,以克服机器人在障碍物附近出现的反复震荡或停止不前。为了验证上述方法的有效性,用MATLAB软件进行仿真,结果表明机器人运动轨迹平滑,接近最优路径。     

基于改进人工势场法的移动机器人路径规划

针对势场法的障碍物附近目标不可达的问题,改进了传统人工势场斥力函数,确保目标点是机器人的势场全局最小点,使得机器人顺利到达目标点。针对势场法的局部最小值问题,提出了一种连接局部最小值区域障碍物的方法,建立了机器人离散传感器模型,使机器人快速走出局部最小值区域。改进后的人工势场法适用于复杂室内环境下的机器人路径规划。仿真结果证明了该方法的有效性。     

新型势场模型及在实时运动规划中应用

针对复杂环境中移动机器人的实时运动规划问题,在传统人工势场法基础上,以机器人与动态障碍物的相对位置和相对速度为变量,构建了一种新型的位置和速度势场模型,提出了一种新的自适应势场法.通过变参数约束扰动法解决了势场法中的局部极小问题.实验结果表明,该方法能使机器人选择最佳避障策略实现主动避障,快速地摆脱动态障碍物,规划出光滑路径,从而提高避障效率,较好地解决了动态未知环境中的路径规划问题.     

基于改进人工势场法的机械手避障规划

针对三维环境中机械手在障碍物附近目标不可达问题和局部最小值问题,提出一种基于改进人工势场法的机械手避障方法.该方法以机械手末端所受合力的方向作为其运动方向,通过势场力的作用使机械手末端避开障碍物,解决障碍物附近目标不可达问题;采用X-Y平面内的角度偏移法,使机械手末端迅速跳出局部最小值,解决势场法的局部最小值问题;从而使机械手避开障碍物到达目标位置,并给出了机械手避障规划算法的具体实现步骤.将该方法应用于机械手末端位置、障碍物位置和目标位置已知条件下的常规作业任务中,仿真实验结果表明,机械手末端沿着规划路径可跳出局部最小值,并避开障碍物,成功到达目标位置,验证了该算法的有效性.     

改进人工势场法的移动机器人路径规划

传统人工势场法在路径规划过程中易陷入势场局部最小点和陷阱区域,面对较为复杂的障碍物环绕环境也难以规划出完整路径。针对这个问题,提出了一种改进人工势场法。引入机器人前进的方向向量,对斥力的生成和计算机制进行了调整以解决其处于局部最小点情况下无法继续规划路径的问题;添加了判断机制以识别周边环境状况,当机器人处于陷阱区域等复杂环境下时设立虚拟目标点以引导其向外运动从而摆脱陷阱区域。结果表明,改进算法可以有效解决传统算法容易出现的路径规划中断情况;同时与传统算法相比,其在随机障碍物环境中的规划路径长度减少,有效提高了路径规划效率。     

关于人工势场法局部极小问题的一种解决方法

利用人工势场法进行移动机器人路径规划是十分有效的,在使用人工势场法进行避障的时候,由于移动机器人对周围环境信息的感知具有局限性,容易导致局部极小问题的出现。针对此问题提出一种基于“沿边行为”的方法,当移动机器人进入局部极小状态时激活该行为,使机器人沿着障碍物的边缘运动,使移动机器人在只感知局部信息的条件下,能迅速地摆脱局部极小的状态。仿真实验表明这种方法是可行的,可以有效地解决移动机器人因获取的环境信息不足而陷入局部极小点。     

关于人工势场法局部极小问题的一种解决方法

利用人工势场法进行移动机器人路径规划是十分有效的，在使用人工势场法进行避障的时候，由于移动机器人对周围环境信息的感知具有局限性，容易导致局部极小问题的出现。针对此问题提出一种基于“沿边行为”的方法，当移动机器人进入局部极小状态时激活该行为，使机器人沿着障碍物的边缘运动，使移动机器人在只感知局部信息的条件下，能迅速地摆脱局部极小的状态。仿真实验表明这种方法是可行的，可以有效地解决移动机器人因获取的环境信息不足而陷入局部极小点。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。