板级电路测试诊断技术研究及典型设备研制

针对某典型弹载单机及其板级电路进行测试与故障诊断技术研究,利用模拟电路无损伤自动化测试技术,结合性能监测、故障定位与模糊故障诊断算法等方面的研究,进行典型电路测试设备的研制,并对研制过程中遇到的难点进行分析;主要研究内容包括:模拟电路故障诊断算法研究、板级电路测试点规划、探针板卡及夹具的设计、数据采集系统的设计选型、信号调理电路的设计实现及软件系统的模块化设计等,最终实现板级电路测试诊断设备的研制;实测选择某型军用产品板级电路为测试对象,结合工程上易于实现的故障字典法,根据测试点测量得到的响应向量计算隶属度大小,进而准确实现了数字电路和模拟电路故障的定位。     

温度测量及故障诊断系统的设计

文章给出了基于数字式温度传感器DS18X20的温度测量系统，并利用模糊原理、在线测量温度等方法进行故障诊断。详细论述系统的组成原理、模糊故障诊断方法、硬件电路和软件设计思想。该系统具有故障在线检测、自诊断、显示故障类型及发出声音报警等功能，在实际应用中取得了很好的效果。     

红外热像仪故障诊断系统虚拟示波器的设计

针对红外热像仪故障诊断系统所需要的特征参数测量功能,设计基于Labview的虚拟示波器,实现故障诊断过程中对特征波形的测量,为故障诊断定位提供指导;首先分析红外热像仪故障诊断系统故障参数的信号类型及功能需求,设计虚拟示波器的整体机构,在此基础上,提出特征波形采样的硬件电路及上位机软件的设计方案,实现故障诊断功能;实验结果表明:虚拟示波器功能完善,实用性强,可以满足对故障参数测量的要求。     

基于神经网络的大规模模拟电路故障检测系统

设计了一个基于小波和神经网络的信号处理系统，该系统主要针对大规模模拟电路故障检测。针对传统诊断技术的局限性，讨论了利用神经网络方法分级诊断大规模模拟电路软故障的方案，通过小波变换提取故障特征，并利用神经网络的非线性映射特性逼近故障诊断模型。诊断结果表明基于人工神经网络的电路故障诊断方法是行之有效的。此方法具有广阔的应用前景，为大规模模拟电路故障诊断提供了新的理论依据和检测方法，并有希望研制成一套高效的检测设备。     

基于节点导纳矩阵的模拟电路故障诊断

针对模拟电路故障诊断中的容差问题,提出了基于节点导纳矩阵(NAM)的模拟电路故障诊断方法;该方法以NAM为基础,提取被测电路(CUT)的故障特征向量;测试前,用仿真的方法生成被测电路中某一故障对应的故障样本子集,所有类别的故障样本子集构成故障样本集;测试时,测量被测电路的故障特征向量,并根据其与故障样本集中样本的相似性来判断电路发生的故障类型;由于电路的NAM对元件容差不敏感,所以可以很好地克服模拟电路故障诊断中的容差问题;实验结果证明了该方法的有效性。     

基于小波分解和RBF网络的三极管电路故障诊断

在分析现有三极管放大电路故障诊断算法不足的基础上,提出了一种基于模型的小波-RBF网络故障诊断算法。在PSPICE环境下建立三极管常见的故障模型,利用多层小波分解优异的时频特性提取故障特征参数,利用RBF强大的非线性分类能力和快速的收敛特性进行了典型共基极放大电路中三极管的软、硬故障诊断仿真。计算及仿真结果显示,这种故障诊断算法具有诊断速度快、诊断正确率高的特点。     

基于信息融合的神经网络模拟电路故障诊断研究

针对目前神经网络模拟电路故障诊断中存在的难点,提出了基于信息融合思想的多神经网络故障诊断方法;该方法测试电路中节点电压信号、供电电流信号,利用小波变换对检测信号进行预处理,基于主成分分析对特征矢量进行降维,根据模拟电路的不同故障模式分别建立诊断神经网络,用概率统计数据融合方法从多个神经网络中选出最优网络用于诊断故障;通过电路实例验证了新故障诊断方法的有效性,实验结果表明新方法可有效提高故障诊断性能。     

基于多Agent的某型导弹故障诊断系统任务规划研究

针对基于多Agent的故障诊断系统任务规划问题,研究并给出了该系统任务描述方式和基于系统结构的任务分解方法以及针对诊断的任务分配方案;将诊断Agent的领域知识库建立在该武器系统3个分系统下的各基本结构级上,该方案综合考虑了故障的位置、参数类型和故障诊断率等信息,分配具有针对性,使系统基本实现了故障诊断任务的智能分配;同时这种分配方式的可扩展性、可修改性和灵活性较强,该方法在基于多agent的某型车载导弹故障诊断系统中得到了很好的应用。     

基于双MCU架构的ABS/ASR/VDC故障诊断系统

故障诊断系统是ABS/ASR/VDC集成系统必不可少的一部分.在研究ABS/ASR/VDC故障诊断技术的基础上,提出了故障诊断系统设计方案,设计了诊断系统硬件电路和软件流程,并应用于自主开发的ABS/ASR/VDC系统ECU中.实车道路试验结果表明,所开发的故障诊断系统可以及时发现关键部件故障,并能存储故障代码、退出ABS/ASR/VDC控制,保证了行车安全;基于双MCU架构的ECU设计方案增强了系统的故障诊断能力和可靠性,大大降低了ECU的失效概率.     

基于Bayes多传感器数据融合的电路故障诊断

针对电子电路的故障诊断问题,提出一种基于Bayes决策理论的多传感器数据融合解决方法.通过测试电路中被诊断元件温度和节点电压2个物理量,得出Bayes理论中不同传感器对各待诊元件的先验概率,在此基础上,利用Bayes条件概率公式进行两级数据融合,得到各元件关于故障类型的目标概率值,进而根据最大概率值确定故障元件.Bayes多传感器数据融合诊断与单传感器诊断方式相比,大大提高了故障识别准确率,并降低了故障元件不确定的概率.实验结果证明:该方案是一种有效的电路故障诊断方法.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。