超临界CO_2萃取牛至挥发油的工艺研究

采用超临界CO2萃取牛至药材中的挥发油,以挥发油产品中两种主要有效成分的质量总和为考察指标,以萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间、夹带剂浓度及夹带剂流量为考察因素进行正交实验,优选最佳的萃取工艺条件。最佳的萃取工艺条件为:萃取压力为25 MPa、萃取温度为55℃、萃取时间为2.5 h、75%乙醇为夹带剂、夹带剂流量为0.02mL/min、CO2流量为1 L/min,在此实验条件下,产品中两种主要有效成分的质量总和平均为0.141 24 g。优选得到的萃取工艺可靠、简便易行、稳定性好。     

Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Essential Oil from Origanum Vulgare L.: Experiments and Mathematical Modeling

In this work, the supercritical CO₂ extraction of essential oil from Origanum Vulgare L. was investigated and modeled. An orthogonal test and ANOVA indicated that extraction pressure, extraction temperature, and extraction time had significant influence on extraction effects. Based on experiments, a mathematical model depended on mass conservation equation was established to describe and simulate supercritical CO₂ extraction of essential oil from Origanum Vulgare L. The mean diameter, accumulation properties, and the inside and outside transfer properties of extracted material particles were considered in the model. The model was solved numerically with the finite difference method and Runge-Kutta method synthetically. Model estimation was validated with small scale experimental data. Moreover, the effects of extraction pressure, extraction temperature, extraction time, concentration, and the flow rate of the entrainer on mass of essential oil were investigated using the model.     

樟树精油的化学成分及生物活性研究进展

概述了樟树精油的主要化学成分,按樟树所含主要化学成分的不同,将樟树划分为芳樟型,樟脑型,油樟型,异樟型和龙脑型等5个化学类型,主要含有芳樟醇、樟脑、黄樟油素、橙花叔醇和龙脑等化含物。介绍了樟树精油的抑菌活性与应用,综述了其对细菌、真菌的抑制作用,并讨论了我国樟树育种、精油提取及精深加工等方面存在的问题,为樟树精油的进一步开发与利用提供参考。     

鬼针草叶片精油化学成分的GC-MS分析

为了研究云南热带林区鬼针草挥发性化学成分,采用同时蒸馏萃取法(SDE)提取鬼针草叶片精油,利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析精油的化学成分。结果表明,从鬼针草叶片中共分离出61种化合物,主要是萜类化合物和绿叶挥发性物质,相对含量最多的是大香叶烯(20.07%),其次是α-蒎烯(11.82%)和β-石竹烯(9.14%)。     

黑龙江产万寿菊花精油的化学成分研究

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取黑龙江产盛花期的万寿菊花精油,精油产率为0.0943%。采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)对精油的化学成分进行了定性定量分析,共分离出47个峰,鉴定出其中的40个化合物,占峰面积的85.11%。用面积归一化法测定了各种成分的相对质量分数,万寿菊花精油的主要成分为萜类化合物,主要成分有异松油烯(32.91%)、α-罗勒烯(11.18%)、柠檬烯(10.87%)、石竹烯(7.46%)、β-月桂烯(5.64%)、反-β-罗勒烯(5.34%)和2-异丙基-5-甲基-3-环己烯-1-酮(2.52%)等。     

Modeling the Kinetics of Antioxidant Extraction from Origanum vulgare and Brassica nigra

In the present research work, the effect of solvents, particle size, solvent/solid ratio, and temperature on the extraction efficiency of oregano (Origanum vulgare) and mustard (Brassica nigra) were investigated. The extraction process proceeded at a fast rate followed by a slower one. Particle size, solvent type, solvent/solid ratio and temperature had a positive effect on the extraction process, and maximum extraction was achieved by ethanol. Extraction kinetics was determined with a mathematical model derived from Fick's second law. The results were verified with Fick's diffusion model for extraction kinetics in all experiments, which provided the initial rate and extent of solid–liquid extraction. Antioxidant values were determined using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2, 2′-azino-Bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS). The extracts of O. vulgare and B. nigra prepared using ethanol showed optimal antioxidant activity.     

超临界CO2流体萃取法提取小茴香挥发油化学成分的研究

采用超临界CO2流体萃取法(SFE)从小茴香中提取挥发油。用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对化学成分进行分析,共鉴定了50种成分,占挥发油总成分的81%以上。超临界CO2流体萃取法提取的挥发油能更真实、全面地反映小茴香中的化学成分。     

广玉兰花香精油的化学成分及其抗氧化活性研究

采用常规水蒸气蒸馏法制备了广玉兰花香精油,用气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析了广玉兰花香精油的化学成分及相对质量分数。鉴定出包含醇、酮、脂肪烃及烯萜类化合物在内的相对质量分数大于0.10%的化合物80个,占香精油总量的96.42%。香精油主要成分为β-古芸烯,占总量的10.17%,其余主要成分为β-荜澄茄油烯(8.90%)、β-榄香烯(6.64%)、雅榄蓝烯(5.47%)、苯乙醇(4.20%)、金合欢醇(3.94%)、牻牛儿酮(2.96%)、β-雪松烯(2.85%)、反式橙花叔醇(2.85%)、别香橙烯(2.59%)、紫堇酮(1.95%)、丁香烯(石竹烯)(1.94%)、τ-衣兰醇(1.83%)、异杜松烯(1.81%)、杜松醇(1.77%)、香茅醇(1.59%)、α-榄香烯(1.34%)、金合欢烯(1.27%)、正十六酸(1.12%)、氧化石竹烯(1.10%)、杜松脑(1.10%)、长松香芹酮(1.09%)等。香精油具有较好的抗氧化作用,其抗氧化活性随浓度的增大而增强。     

苯丙氨酸和茉莉酸甲酯对百里香离体培养芽生长及其精油的影响

以离体培养的百里香不定芽为材料,研究了培养基添加不同浓度的苯丙氨酸(phenylalanine,Ple)或茉莉酸甲酯(methyl jasmonate,MJ)对不定芽生长以及精油提取率等的影响。结果发现添加供试浓度的Ple和MJ都能不同程度促进不定芽的增殖,其中以添加100 mg/L Ple和150μmol/L MJ增殖效果最佳,增殖系数分别比对照显著增加47.03%和23.57%。采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取了普通百里香(Thymus vulgaris L.)组培苗、以及培养基添加苯丙氨酸或茉莉酸甲酯的普通百里香[0]组培苗的精油,添加100 mg/L Ple和150μmol/L MJ的提取率分别为0.42%和0.39%,分别比对照(0.31%)增加了35.5%和25.8%。利用气质联用法(GC-MS)并结合色谱峰面积归一化法对其化学成分和相对含量进行了比较研究,3种组培苗百里香精油的主要化学成分无明显的差异,都含有百里香精油的主要成分百里香酚、香芹酚、邻-伞花烃、γ-松油烯、石竹烯等,只是相对含量略有差异。研究表明,适宜浓度的苯丙氨酸和茉莉酸甲酯不仅提高了百里香不定芽的增殖系数,改善了植株的生理活性,而且还促进了百里香次生代谢产物的积累和合成。     

神农香菊精油化学成分研究

采用GC/MS分析湖北神农香菊精油的化学组成 ,从精油中共检出 5 4种组分。神农香菊精油的主要成分是 :乙酸龙脑酯 ( 18.85 9% )、对伞花烃 ( 6 .4 0 3% )、1,8-桉叶素 ( 6 .14 0 % )和大根香叶烯 -D( 6 .0 5 9% )。鉴定出其中的 4 1种化合物 ,占精油含量的 92 .191%。     

向日葵盘精油的化学成分及抗氧化活性

为明晰采收后向日葵盘精油的成分及其体外抗氧化活性,应用水蒸气蒸馏法提取采收后向日葵盘精油,利用气相色谱-质谱联用法（GC-MS）分析其化学成分,通过DPPH自由基和ABTS自由基清除法对精油的体外抗氧化活性进行测定。结果显示：从向日葵盘精油中共鉴定出49种化学成分（占精油总量91.16%）,其中α-蒎烯（28.22%）、柠檬烯（6.55%）、α-蛇麻烯（4.99%）、反式-β-金合欢烯（3.58%）和莰烯（3.39%）为其主要成分。向日葵盘精油具有一定的体外抗氧化活性,其清除DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基的半数有效浓度（EC₅₀）值分别为0.47、0.30 g/L,明显高于阳性对照BHT的EC₅₀值（分别为8.21和6.16 mg/L）。     

超临界CO_2流体萃取法提取香橼挥发油化学成分的研究

为了促进芸香科植物香橼在医药和精细化工等领域中的应用,该研究采用超临界CO2流体萃取法从香橼中提取挥发油,并用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其化学成分进行了分析,共鉴定出49种成分,主要有亚油酸(质量分数32.09%)、棕榈酸(质量分数21.76%)、9-十八碳烯酸(质量分数9.93%)、D-柠檬烯(质量分数4.75%),已鉴定化合物种类占挥发油总成分的81.6%,占色谱总离子流出峰面积的95%。     

广西产迷迭香挥发油化学成分的分析

水蒸气蒸馏法提取广西百色地区迷迭香茎、叶中的挥发油,利用GC-MS联用仪进行了分析。共分离出36个峰,鉴定了其中31个化学成分,占总含量的97.08%。其主要成分为1,8-桉叶素、α-蒎烯、樟脑、莰烯、α-松油醇、乙酸龙脑酯及龙脑等。     

郁金挥发油提取工艺及不同产地挥发油量的研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏提取挥发油,以挥发油的量为考查指标,设计L9(34)正交试验考察粉碎度、加水量、提取时间对挥发油量的影响,优选出郁金挥发油的提取工艺,考察了不同产地郁金挥发油的量。结果表明,郁金挥发油的最佳提取工艺条件为:郁金粉末过40目筛、加12倍量水、提取5 h;产地不同郁金挥发油量差异较大,福建所产郁金挥发油出油率最高。     

用外源酶处理香叶天竺葵枝叶对精油得率及香气的影响

1月份采摘的香叶天竺葵枝叶用诺维信Viscozyme L处理后再蒸油,发现精油得率比未处理样可提高75％,香气也变得更甜,少皂气,而且留香更持久。     

山柰挥发油化学成分的气相色谱/质谱法分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取山柰中的挥发油,经过气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)联用法分析,鉴定了挥发油中的28个化学成分,其中主要成分有对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯(59.96%)、肉桂酸乙酯(23.68%)、δ-3-蒈烯(6.61%)等,占挥发油总量的90.25%。     

Essential Oils from Annonaceae Species from Brazil: A Systematic Review of Their Phytochemistry,and Biological Activities

The present work involves a systematic review of the chemical composition and biological effects of essential oils from the Annonaceae species collected in Brazil from 2011 to 2021. Annonaceae is one of the most important botanical families in Brazil, as some species have economic value in the market as local and international fruit. In addition, the species have useful applications in several areas—for instance, as raw materials for use in cosmetics and perfumery and as medicinal plants. In folk medicine, species such as Annona glabra L. and Xylopia sericea A. St.-Hil. are used to treat diseases such as rheumatism and malaria. The species of Annonaceae are an important source of essential oils and are rich in compounds belonging to the classes of mono and sesquiterpenes; of these compounds, α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene, (E)-caryophyllene, bicyclogermacrene, caryophyllene oxide, germacrene D, spathulenol, and β-elemene are the most abundant. The antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antileishmania, antioxidant, antiproliferative, cytotoxic, larvicidal, trypanocidal, and antimalarial activities of essential oils from the Annonaceae species in Brazil have been described in previous research, with the most studies on this topic being related to their antiproliferative or cytotoxic activities. In some studies, it was observed that the biological activity reported for these essential oils was superior to that of drugs available on the market, as is the case of the essential oil of the species Guatteria punctata (Aubl.) R. A. Howard., which showed a trypanocidal effect that was 34 times stronger than that of the reference drug benznidazol.     

玳玳花精油成分的研究

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法对玳玳花进行提取制得精油,应用GC—FTIR和GC—MS对精油进行分析,经研究共分离确认组分28种,玳玳花精油主要成份是芳樟醇、乙酸芳樟酯、芋烯、β-蒎烯、罗勒烯、α-松油醇、香叶醇、乙酸香叶酯、橙花醇、乙酸橙花酯、橙花叔醇、金合欢醇等。并用手性色谱柱对芳樟醇进行手性分离,芳樟醇中（-）-芳樟醇（左旋）占90％以上,同时对玳玳进行植物学鉴定,玳玳的学名为Citrus aurantium L．’Daidai’。     

艾叶精油化学成分研究

本文用水蒸气蒸馏法提取了不同产地艾叶精油,采用GC-MS技术分析了艾叶精油的化学成分。结果不同产地艾叶精油的质量收率为0.29%～0.56%,都含有特征成分:α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、α-松油烯、γ-松油烯、桉叶素、蒿酮、蒿醇、2-环己烯-1-醇、樟脑、龙脑、4-松油醇、反式-石竹烯、丁子香酚。其中具有药效作用的成分有桉叶素(14.32%～26.12%,质量百分数,下同),樟脑(3.66%～14.97%)、龙脑(0.51%～10.53%)、甘菊环(0.00%～23.95%)等,有毒成分侧柏酮含量为0.32%～3.62%。