回火温度对高Ti微合金直接淬火高强钢组织及性能的影响

利用TEM,SEM及物理化学相分析法,研究了回火温度对高Ti微合金直接淬火高强钢显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,随着回火温度的升高,抗拉曲线出现明显的转折点,抗拉强度先降低后升高,而屈服强度缓慢升高.回火温度为600℃时,实验钢具有最佳的综合力学性能;抗拉强度为1043 MPa,屈服强度为1020 MPa,延伸率为16%,-40℃冲击功为67.7 J.其主要原因是600℃时,纳米级的析出相数量最多,体积分数最大,分布最均匀.600℃回火时,实验钢的固溶强化和沉淀强化的强度增量分别约为149.82和171.72 MPa.     

25Cr3Mo3NiNb二次硬化钢冲击性能的研究

研究了二次硬化钢25Cr3Mo3NiNb的冲击韧度随回火温度和试验温度的变化.结果发现,试验钢在200℃回火时冲击韧度较高,300～600℃回火时冲击韧度值较低,600℃以上回火时冲击韧度值迅速升高,640℃回火时冲击韧度达到最高值55J/cm2,640℃以上回火时冲击韧度值有所降低.640℃回火后试验钢的冷脆转变温度为10℃,屈服强度为960MPa,可以满足兵器特种结构件高强度高韧性的要求.     

25Cr3M03NiNb二次硬化钢冲击性能的研究

研究了二次硬化钢25Cr3Mo3NiNb的冲击韧度随回火温度和试验温度的变化。结果发现，试验钢在200℃回火时冲击韧度较高，300—600℃回火时冲击韧度值较低，600℃以上回火时冲击韧度值迅速升高，640℃回火时冲击韧度达到最高值55J／cm^2，640℃以上回火时冲击韧度值有所降低。640℃回火后试验钢的冷脆转变温度为10℃，屈服强度为960MPa，可以满足兵器特种结构件高强度高韧性的要求。     

压裂泵阀箱用30CrNi2MoV钢回火工艺研究

采用OM观察、拉伸试验、冲击试验等方法,研究了不同温度回火对30CrNi2MoV钢显微组织及性能的影响规律。结果表明:540℃回火处理后,30CrNi2MoV钢试样组织为铁素体和片状渗碳体,630℃回火时组织为铁素体与颗粒状碳化物的混合组织。在540～630℃范围内,随着回火温度的升高,铁素体基体重新结晶,片状渗碳体逐渐发生粗化、扩散,最后呈颗粒状,均匀分布在基体中,30CrNi2MoV钢试样的抗拉强度和屈服强度逐渐降低,伸长率逐渐升高,冲击吸收能量先降低后升高。630℃回火后,30CrNi2MoV钢屈服强度满足压裂泵阀箱材料≥680 MPa的技术要求,且韧性最高,达到183 J/cm~2,可以更好地抵抗冲击应力,提高产品使用寿命。     

热处理对25CrNi3MoV钢组织与力学性能的影响

通过采用金相、电镜观察和力学试验等方法研究了奥氏体化温度和回火温度对25CrNi3MoV钢的组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,25CrNi3MoV钢在950～1050 ℃奥氏体化时,由于V的碳化物充分溶解,晶粒出现异常长大.25CrNi3MoV钢的低温冲击韧性与晶粒尺寸之间符合扩展的Hall-Petch关系.随着回火温度升高,25CrNi3MoV钢中析出的碳化物粗化,其抗拉强度降低,冲击韧性升高.     

10CrNi3MoV钢焊接接头低温韧性的研究

通过对10CrNi3MoV钢焊接部位的组织观察,低温及系列温度冲击功和断口形貌的分析,结果表明该钢焊接接头的熔合线上平台冲击功在140J以上,上平台转变温度为-35℃,50％冲击功转变温度为-70℃.-50℃的冲击功分散度比较大,平均值为109J,-70℃冲击功平均值仍有80J以上.韧脆转变温度低于-70℃.     

回火工艺对Cr-Ni-Mo-V高强钢组织和力学性能的影响

利用力学性能测试、金相观察、TEM、SEM和XRD等分析手段,研究了回火温度对40CrNi3MoV和50CrNi5MoV钢组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明,40CrNi3MoV钢和50CrNi5MoV钢回火后的组织具有板条马氏体特征,在板条马氏体的边界分布着高密度位错。试验钢在500~650℃范围内回火时,随着回火温度的增加,碳化物析出并长大;硬度、强度呈下降趋势;而冲击吸收能量、伸长率、断面收缩率呈上升的趋势。由于C、Mo和Ni含量的增加,在500~550℃范围内回火后,50CrNi5MoV钢的屈服强度能够达到1400MPa级,比40CrNi3MoV钢高170MPa左右,且塑韧性较好。     

回火温度对42CrMo钢冲击韧性的影响

以核电站环形起重机用42CrMo耐热钢为研究对象,分析了显做组织中碳化物形貌和分布随回火温度的变化及其对冲击韧性的影响.结果表明,42CrMo钢经水淬后在500—650℃区间回火,显微组织均为回火索氏体.随回火温度上升,-12℃冲击功先增加后减小;经500和530℃回火后,片状碳化物不均匀分布于原马氏体板条界上,冲击功分别为26和44 J;600℃回火后碳化物呈颗粒状弥散分布,冲击功达到峰值104 J;600℃以上回火,颗粒状碳化物明显粗化,冲击功下降.碳化物的形貌和分布是影响42CrMo钢冲击性能的关键因素.     

回火温度对40CrNi3MoV钢组织和力学性能的影响

研究了回火温度对不同Mo含量的40CrNi3MoV试验钢组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,试验钢在525 ℃回火时开始析出M₂(C, N)相,在550~575 ℃回火时M₂(C, N)相含量达到峰值。随回火温度的升高,试验钢硬度和强度降低,但塑性和韧性则升高。由于M₂(C, N)相的二次硬化作用,将Mo含量从0.43%提高到1.06%后,40CrNi3MoV钢经575 ℃回火后的抗拉强度可以达到1500 MPa级,同时具有良好的塑性和韧性。     

添加Al、Cu对40CrNi3MoV钢组织和力学性能的影响

利用OM、SEM、TEM以及力学性能测试等表征手段研究了添加Al、Cu的40CrNi3MoV钢在900 ℃油冷淬火及450~650 ℃回火后的显微组织和力学性能的变化规律。结果表明,试验钢经淬火+回火后的显微组织主要为回火索氏体,同时析出了纳米级NiAl-Cu析出相,最佳回火温度区间为500~550 ℃。由于基体中析出纳米尺度B2结构的NiAl析出相,对添加Al的试验钢中微裂纹的扩展有较强的阻碍作用, 500~550 ℃回火时抗拉强度最高增幅达200 MPa;进一步添加Cu后,富Cu相和位错的相互作用使得试验钢的屈服强度提高了150 MPa。500 ℃回火时抗拉强度为1706 MPa,屈服强度为1505 MPa,试验钢的拉伸和冲击断口呈现出典型的解理断裂特征,有明显的撕裂棱。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。