1000 MPa级C-Si-Mn-Nb系冷轧双相钢的组织性能

采用SEM与TEM等方法分析了不同退火温度和时效温度对C-Si-Mn-Nb系超高强冷轧双相钢的显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:热轧板经冷轧退火后,综合力学性能改善,屈服平台消失.退火温度从780℃升高到820℃,带状组织逐渐消失,马氏体硬度下降,双相钢强度降低,伸长率提高;850℃退火时,铁素体体积分数的显著降低,部分马氏体内部条状形貌的出现及非马氏体体积分数的增加,导致各项力学性能明显下降.过时效温度从270℃升到330℃,马氏体岛分解,颗粒状析出相与非马氏体组织增多,导致抗拉强度降低,屈服强度及伸长率升高;360℃时形成板条贝氏体组织恶化了综合力学性能.试验钢经820℃退火,300 ～330℃之间过时效,获得抗拉强度大于1020 MPa,伸长率大于16％的最优力学性能.     

热处理对高强建筑钢组织和性能的影响

对试验钢进行了不同的两相区直接淬火+回火处理。对试样显微组织进行了观察,并对力学性能进行了检测,研究了淬火温度和回火温度对试验钢组织和性能的影响。结果表明,钢板回火显微组织以多边形铁素体+岛状回火马氏体为主。随着直接淬火温度的升高,回火马氏体含量增加,铁素体含量减少,组织中少量珠光体逐渐转变为贝氏体;屈服强度和抗拉强度均升高,屈强比先保持恒定后有所升高,伸长率逐渐下降,冲击功则是先大幅降低后几乎不变。当回火温度低于400℃时,马氏体形态没有明显改变;当回火温度超过500℃时,马氏体岛开始分解,碳化物析出量增加。随着回火温度升高,抗拉强度几乎呈线性降低,屈服强度则先升高后降低,屈强比升高,伸长率和冲击功先下降后提高。     

退火工艺对980 MPa级热镀锌双相钢组织及性能的影响

利用奥钢联热模拟试验机模拟980 MPa级双相钢连续退火镀锌过程,利用拉伸试验机、光学显微镜和扫描电镜研究连续镀锌工艺中均热温度和快冷出口温度对双相钢组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,经热镀锌退火后,980 MPa级双相钢的微观组织为铁素体+马氏体,组织中有Nb,Ti碳氮化物析出。随着均热温度的升高,马氏体体积分数呈逐渐增加的趋势,屈服强度和屈强比不断升高。快冷出口温度从340 ℃升高到430 ℃,马氏体发生回火分解,降低了试验钢的屈服强度,同时改善了伸长率。快冷出口温度为400 ℃时,强塑积达到最大值13.9 GPa·%。当均热温度为840 ℃,快冷出口温度为460~480 ℃时,可以获得抗拉强度在980 MPa级以上的双相钢。     

780 MPa级冷轧双相钢的组织调控与工艺优化

为了优化780 MPa级冷轧高强双相钢的生产工艺参数,利用DIL805A膨胀仪测定了试验钢的相变点,绘制了不同冷速下的CCT曲线;采用连续退火模拟机进行了连续退火试验,通过扫描电镜(SEM)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)和拉伸试验等方法研究了退火温度和过时效温度对试验钢显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着退火温度的升高,试验钢的屈服强度逐渐升高,抗拉强度先升高后降低,断后伸长率则先减小后增加。随着过时效温度的升高,试验钢的抗拉强度降低,屈服强度和断后伸长率变化不大。当过时效温度高于300℃后,淬火马氏体开始分解,回火马氏体比例增多,导致试验钢的抗拉强度显著降低。试验钢在800℃退火、280℃过时效后的力学性能最好,抗拉强度为787 MPa,断后伸长率达到21. 5%,屈强比仅为0. 48。     

热处理对汽车用DP590双相钢组织和力学性能的影响

研究了热处理对汽车用DP590双相钢组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着退火温度升高,双相钢组织中马氏体岛平均等效圆直径和面积分数增加,当退火温度820℃时,平均等效圆直径和面积百分数分别达到1.82μm和19.21%;随着退火温度的增加,双相钢抗拉强度逐渐降低,屈服强度逐渐增加,最佳退火温度为800℃,此时抗拉强度为642 MPa,屈服强度为326 MPa,伸长率为21.9%。DP590双相钢最佳时效处理制度为320℃保温10min,此时抗拉强度为644MPa,屈服强度为331 MPa,伸长率为24.5%。     

铁素体含量与回火温度对HSLA钢组织性能的影响

研究了不同铁素体含量与回火温度对HSLA钢组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明:热轧HSLA钢从810～900℃淬火后组织为马氏体和37%～0%铁素体,且随淬火温度升高,铁素体晶粒尺寸减小,可动位错密度增加;高温回火后板条马氏体分解严重,位错密度降低并有大量碳化物析出;铁素体含量增加使屈服强度和抗拉强度降低,其中抗拉强度在450℃回火后下降约200 MPa,而屈服强度随回火温度的变化趋势决定于铁素体含量;180℃回火后铁素体与马氏体间的强度差使铁素体对拉伸性能和冲击性能表现出不同的断裂机理;450℃回火后铁素体与马氏体能够协调变形,伸长率与冲击吸收能量均随铁素体含量增加而提高。此外,均匀的马氏体有利于提高试验钢的低温韧性,其-40℃冲击吸收能量119 J。     

回火温度对高强海洋平台钢组织和性能的影响

对自制的高强海洋平台用合金钢850℃油淬后进行200~650℃×2 h回火处理,研究了回火温度对试验钢显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:随回火温度的升高,试验钢的淬火组织逐渐转变为回火马氏体、回火屈氏体和回火索氏体;强度和硬度逐渐下降,但与抗拉强度相比,上屈服强度下降得更慢些,塑性总体呈现升高趋势。600℃回火试样拉伸过程中出现屈服平台,继续提高回火温度,屈服现象更明显。冲击性能随回火温度的升高先下降后上升,在300~500℃范围内出现明显的回火脆性。当回火温度为600℃时强韧性匹配最好,抗拉强度840 MPa,上屈服强度760 MPa,断后伸长率17%,-40℃冲击吸收能量175 J。     

退火工艺对DP590双相钢组织与力学性能的影响

利用实验室连续退火模拟机研究了冷却速度和退火温度对DP590双相钢组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着冷却速度的增加,试样的屈服强度、抗拉强度呈上升的趋势,伸长率逐渐下降,但冷却速度在40℃/s以上时,抗拉强度趋于稳定。快冷后为获得铁素体+马氏体双相组织,所需的临界冷却速度为30℃/s;随着退火温度的升高,试样的屈服强度和抗拉强度先上升后下降,伸长率先下降后上升。     

回火温度对低合金双相钢的组织和力学性能的影响

通过对低合金双相钢Fe-0.14C-0.9Mn-0.025Nb不同温度的回火处理,通过控制组织的碳化物的析出和位错变化,研究回火温度对双相钢组织和性能的影响.试验表明:随着回火温度的增加,MA岛逐渐分解,逐渐析出颗粒状碳化物；显微硬度和抗拉强度降低,屈服强度先增后降,断后伸长率、均匀伸长率和加工硬化指数先降后增,冲击吸收能量逐步增加.     

回火温度对1100 MPa级高强钢组织与性能的影响

研究了920 ℃水淬+不同温度回火后1100 MPa级高强钢的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明:回火温度为250 ℃时,所得到的力学性能最佳,抗拉强度、屈服强度、硬度、断后伸长率和冲击吸收能量分别为1423 MPa、1220 MPa、446 HV5、14.2%和56 J。随回火温度的升高,抗拉强度、屈服强度、硬度值整体呈现下降的趋势,冲击吸收能量先减小后增加。回火温度为150 ℃时,组织为回火马氏体和ε碳化物,析出的ε碳化物呈细长杆状。回火温度上升到250 ℃之后,马氏体板条稍有粗化,ε碳化物长大。随回火温度继续升高,板条马氏体逐渐转变为等轴铁素体,ε碳化物也会转变为渗碳体并逐渐球化粗化。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.