液/固吸附计量置换模型及其热力学

综述了新近发展的液／固吸附定量理论－－吸附计量置换模型（SDM－A）,以及依据SDM－A所发展的热力学理论,扼要介绍了SDM－A的的理论依据,数学酹达式,线性关系,线性吸附参数,并与常用的Langmuir模型和Freundlich经验式作了作比较,特别是介绍了依据SDM－A和能量加和原理,将传统的置换吸附总的热力学函变分成溶质吸附和溶剂解吸的相应两个热力学函变分量的新进展,展望了这些研究的应用前景。     

A new strain energy function to characterize apple and potato tissues

The article presents a mechanical model to characterize apple and potato by considering tissues as a lattice of hexagonal cellular structure under an external load. It has been considered that the tissues are isotropic, incompressible, homogeneous, thin, and shows hyperelastic behavior. The aptness of the proposed model is explored in the light of numerous experimental data of the apple and potato tissues in isotropic condition. A Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm is used to estimate material constants of the model based on the regression between predicted results and experimental data. Comparisons are made between our results and previous studies and are shown graphically as well as in the form of tables. A good fit of the proposed model is obtained with available experimental data. It was found that tension in tissues increases exponentially as stretch ratio increases.     

基于虚拟样机技术的经纱张力仿真与分析

为深入分析经纱张力产生的原因,在SolidWorks软件中创建经纱张力虚拟样机仿真模型。以平纹织物为研究对象,在COSMOSMotion模块中分别对经纱的拉伸张力、垂直张力和水平张力进行动态仿真与分析,获得织造过程中经纱张力的变化规律,并提出经纱张力在动态变化过程中的分解方法和计算方法。探讨了经纱张力的最大值,通过统计分析得出经纱张力最大值的分布特点和变化规律。另将仿真结果与实测结果做了比较与分析,可为梭口形状的设计提供参考。     

木棉及其混合纤维非织造材料吸声预测模型

以Allard模型为基础,采用等效流体的方法,拟建立一个能够准确描述木棉及其混合纤维非织造材料吸声行为的吸声模型。该模型结合木棉纤维的大中空结构,考虑了材料的热传导效应及纤维框架的柔软性。使用新建立的吸声模型及Allard模型分别对4种不同结构的木棉纤维非织造材料的吸声系数及比表面阻抗进行了计算,并将计算值与实验样品的测量值进行比较。结果表明:新模型的计算结果更接近实验值,说明新模型更适用于木棉及其混合纤维非织造材料吸声性能的预测,为工业产品的设计提供了理论参考。     

文胸罩杯与胸部形态的适体度研究

以文胸的主体部分--罩杯为研究对象,根据标准人体胸部模型,结合文胸基本纸样设计方法制作一系列罩杯白坯布样,通过拟合标准人体胸部模型与罩杯白坯布样的实验,针对文胸罩杯的不同样板因素对文胸适体度的影响进行了相应的研究.分别以下杯缘和下杯高为定量进行两组实验,从正面和侧面对人体胸部模型着装效果进行对比,研究了下杯高、罩杯省以及下杯缘对文胸罩杯与胸部形态适体度的影响,指出在文胸罩杯的结构设计过程中,三者间存在一定的非线性数量影响关系.     

Short communication: Assessing antihypertensive activity in native and model Queso Fresco cheeses

Hispanic-style cheeses are one of the fastest growing varieties in the United States, making up approximately 2% of the total cheese production in this country. Queso Fresco is one of most popular Hispanic-style cheeses. Protein extracts from several varieties of Mexican Queso Fresco and model Queso Fresco were analyzed for potential antihypertensive activity. Many Quesos Frescos obtained from Mexico are made from raw milk and therefore the native microflora is included in the cheese-making process. Model Queso Fresco samples were made from pasteurized milk and did not utilize starter cultures. Water-soluble protein extracts from 6 Mexican Quesos Frescos and 12 model cheeses were obtained and assayed for their ability to inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme, implying potential as foods that can help to lower blood pressure. All model cheeses displayed antihypertensive activity, but mainly after 8 wk of aging when they were no longer consumable, whereas the Mexican samples did display some angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory action after minimal aging.     

偏心回转摆动式递纸机构的动力分析

通过对印刷机递纸机构动力特性的深入研究，提出了递纸机构分析的动力模型，并对其部分参数进行了优化设计。根据所提出的模型对北人J2108及J2205等型号胶印机的递纸机构进行了动力分析，分析的结果与实际基本吻合。     

Predicting paired preferences from sensory data

Paired-preference studies for market research tend to focus on highly replicating the few comparisons of most interest to the client. By establishing a predictive model between sensory panel means scores for products and the relative proportions of consumers preferring them when presented in pairs, it is possible to get reliable predictions of all possible comparisons among a whole group of products. The binomial discrete choice logistic model is appropriate for building this relationship between sensory and consumer preference and can be easily fitted using the commercially available statistical package SAS. Modifications to the model are described to account for consumers who score products either as “equally liked” or “equally disliked”. Rather than treat these as ties, the argument is made that no-preference is best modelled as a function of the sensory data itself. An application of the new model is given to data from a home-test of 12 personal care products that were evaluated by more than 500 consumers, each receiving six pairs of products.     

基于双常数Kubelka-Munk理论光谱配色模型的研究

针对专色油墨配色这一薄弱环节,对光谱配色方法进行了研究,使得在提高印刷速度与质量的同时,保证了色彩再现的一致性。首先建立基于双常数KubelkaMunk理论的光谱配色数学模型,给出其各参数的求解方法;然后用丙烯颜料模拟印刷油墨进行专色油墨配色实验,将标准色样光谱反射率代入数学模型中得到标准色样的浓度配方;最后根据油墨浓度配方得到实际色样,通过计算实际色样与标准色样的色差和光谱近似程度验证光谱配色精度。本配色模型所得到的实际色样和标准色样的色差小于3,说明可以满足一般产品的配色;GFC值约等于1,说明实际色样的光谱反射率曲线和标准色样的光谱反射率曲线吻合情况较好。基于双常数Kubelka-Munk理论光谱配色模型的配色精度准确性较高,具有实用性。     

基于质点-弹簧模型的织物形象化仿真技术与展望

 针对基于质点-弹簧模型的织物变形仿真技术是当前织物仿真模拟的研究热点。本文首先简要综述了织物变形仿真技术的几种典型模型,着重阐述了由Provot提出的基于质点-弹簧模型的织物变形仿真方法。其次,着重从优化模型参数、提高模拟系统的稳定性以及减缓超弹性现象这三个方面介绍了基于质点-弹簧模型的优化手段,并分析比较各优化模型的优缺点,提出计算机视觉技术与算法应同织物的物理模型相结合的仿真思路。最后,对质点-弹簧模型的未来研究方向进行了展望,认为质点-弹簧模型应在建立仿真效果评价、提高模型整体性能与应用领域等方面有所深入,从而更加有效地帮助生产者或者设计者合理地选择和使用织物。     

A Relation between Machine Gauge and Linear Density for Knitting Yarns

Previous investigators of the theory of balloon formation in over-end unwinding of yarn from cylindrical packages have made the simplifying assumption that the yarn is inextensible. In this paper, the balloon equations for a linear elastic yarn are derived, and numerical solutions of these equations for small values of the elastic parameter are presented. It is concluded that the inclusion of elasticity in the theoretical model leads to a decrease in the tension in the balloon and a decrease in the balloon radius. However, for the range of elastic parameters encountered in real yarns, this effect is very slight.     

27—THE BENDING AND CREASING OF MULTICOMPONENT VISCOELASTIC FIBRE ASSEMBLIES. PART I: GENERAL CONSIDERATION OF THE PROBLEM

The problems involved in making a mechanical analysis of bending deformations in textile fabrics are discussed. It is suggested that progress can be made by making simplifying assumptions concerning the geometry of fabric structure and deformation and using energy considerations to calculate forces and moments. Certain simple examples are given of the usefulness of this approach. A foundation is laid for the construction of a computer model that will, it is hoped, simulate the viscoelastic bending and creasing behaviour of textile fabrics from a knowledge of the bending and torsional viscoelastic properties of the constituent fibre(s) and their relative geometrical arrangement.     

Finite element modelling of SMA textiles: superelastic behaviour

The paper describes guidelines for building a finite element model of a unit cell of a textile made of superelastic NiTi wires and illustrates the application of the model for woven and knitted textiles. The goal of the analysis is prediction of the tensile diagram of the textile based on the fabric structure and the superelastic tensile diagram of the wires. The differences between the superelastic behaviour of the fabrics and that of individual wires are discussed. Predictions for a knitted NiTi fabric are compared with experimental data.     

服装压力分布及预测的研究与进展

服装压力是评价服装舒适性的重要指标。从影响服装压力分布的因素入手,总结了目前服装压力分布及预测的主要研究方法,阐述现有服装压力研究的优缺点,指出服装性能与人体机能的有机结合、三维人体模型的完善以及人体和服装动态接触压力预测系统的建立是压力研究的发展趋势。并提出现有的服装压力预测模型由于其计算量大,离实际应用还有一段距离。如何建立有效的服装压力分布预测模型,将理论模型与实际生产有机结合起来,降低成本,提高效率是进一步研究服装压力的发展方向。     

Diffusion through skin and model systems

A new approach has been made to the investigation of diffusion through skin. The experimental procedure is to arrange for a self-exchange of radioactively labelled compounds through a skin or model membrane. A new mathematical solution for D*, the self-diffusion coefficient for the molecule, is computed and the variation in self-diffusion parameters noted with temperature, skin type, and model membrane. Some thermal analyses are given. La diffusion a travers des modèles de peau     

织物图像增强矩阵特征模型的建立

针对目前缺乏有效显现织物特征的成熟模型,使织物疵点识别效果不佳的现状,提出一种新的织物图像特征模型,即增强矩阵特征模型.该特征模型以图像的灰度值为基础,引入一种新的增强矩阵.该矩阵由根据织物图像梯度变化生成的矩阵算子组成,可对像素灰度值进行变换计算以放大或缩小图像局部特征,使图像的特征显现更加层次分明.通过采用MatL...     

印刷机滚筒刚度可靠性设计

运用可靠性理论建立了印刷机滚筒刚度可靠性设计数学模型,并以国产胶印机为例进行滚筒刚度可靠度计算,得出了不同工况下的滚筒刚度可靠度值并确定压印滚筒为危险滚筒,这对印刷机设计和保证印刷质量具有指导意义。     

An overview of available crop growth and yield models for studies and assessments in agriculture

The scientific community offers numerous crop models with different levels of sophistication. In such a wide range of crop models, users should have the possibility to choose the most suitable, in terms of detail, scale and representativeness, to their objectives. However, even when an appropriate choice is made, model limitations should be clarified such that modelling studies are put in the proper perspective and robust applications are achieved. This work is an overview of available models to simulate crop growth and yield. A summary matrix with more than 70 crop models is provided, storing the main model characteristics that can help users to choose the proper tool according to their purposes. Overall, we found that two main aspects of models, despite their importance, are not always clear from the published references, i.e. the versatility of the models, in terms of reliable transferability to different conditions, and the degree of complexity. Hence, the developers of models should be encouraged to pay more attention to clarifying the model limitations and limits of applicability, and users should make an effort in proper model selection, to save time often devoted to iteration of tuning steps to force an inappropriate model to be adapted to their own purpose. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry     

半紧身裙造型特征主观评价的群体决策与预测

提出半紧身裙造型特征主观评价指标为形式感、体量感、平衡感、运动感、悬垂感、节奏感、稳重感、均匀感、贴体感、平服感等。以18位服装设计师、服装工艺师和服装销售专家组成专家评判组对41种不同面料构成的半紧身裙造型特征作出主观评价,通过群体决策得到半紧身裙的总造型值(TSV),用BP神经网络构建了半紧身裙总造型值的预测模型。将FAST系统测量的面料力学性能指标作为神经网络模型的输入层,总造型值作为输出层。通过对任选8只样本的预测值和实测值的线性回归分析发现,该模型有很好的预测精度。     

秦代传国玉玺揭谜——两个版本、两种材料、两枚玉玺

以历史记载和研究为基础，应用历史学和考古学的分析方法，论证了秦代传国玉玺不是历史传说的一枚，而是有和氏壁和蓝田玉两个版本。其中和氏壁版本最早刻于秦王政二十六年，刻文为“受命于天，既寿永昌”，颜色为青碧色，但于秦王政二十八年丢失于洞庭湖湖底，而后在秦王政三十六年为人以同样的材料、同样的形制和同样的刻文所重新仿刻并献回；而蓝田玉版本刻于丢失和氏壁版本的秦王政二十八年，刻文为“受天之命，皇帝寿昌”，颜色为白色，这一版本于是年取代丢失的和氏壁版本而取得正统传国玺地位。该两个版本的观点对于鉴定和判别后唐以后历朝自刻的和仿制的传国玉玺以及流传至今的各种来源的所谓传国玉玺也有帮助。而秦王政二十六年一统天下时琢刻的原版和氏壁传国玺有可能仍然沉睡在洞庭湖湖底，值得当今世人的深切关注。