模糊综合评判法确定城市污水处理工艺

用模糊综合评判法对城市污水处理工艺进行评判。选择技术、经济、环境三类综合因素构成模糊评判的因素集,在确定各项综合评判因素具体评判指标隶属函数的基础上,进行多级模糊评判。评判结果认为常规活性污泥法从综合因素考虑为城市污水处理最优选用工艺。     

模糊评判法在膏霜化妆品感官评价中的应用

通过模糊综合评判法应用于膏霜类化妆品的使用品质感官评价,构建了膏霜类化妆品的模糊综合评判模型,采用权重分配方案和乘法算子,得到了膏霜类化妆品感官评价各评定项目的权重、相应的隶属函数和评价标准,由此建立了膏霜类化妆品使用品质的感官评价体系和方法.利用这个评价体系,对5款样品进行了使用品质的感官评定和分析,结果表明,1号样品祛黑眼圈眼霜的综合评判结果为最优,在使用中最能符合使用者的感官要求.     

基于模糊综合评价法的水驱开发效果评价

本文通过低渗透砂岩油藏分级标准建立适用于A8区块的水驱开发效果评价体系,并采用模糊综合评价法对该区块进行开发效果评价。在模糊综合评判过程中,使用层次分析法和改进的梯形隶属度分布函数确定各个评价指标的权重和评判矩阵,经过模糊线性变换求得最终评价等级,结果表明,A8区块的水驱开发效果为"中"级。     

模糊综合评判法在洗手液感官评价中的应用

构建了洗手液的模糊综合评判模型,综合考察了洗手液感官品质的气味、分散性等因素,采用权重分配方案和乘法算子,获得了洗手液感官评价各评定项目的权重、相应的隶属函数和评价标准,由此建立了洗手液使用品质的感官评价体系和方法。利用该评价体系,对3种不同配方洗手液样品进行感官评价。结果表明,评判结果与实际情况完全吻合。     

采场结构参数的层次分析和模糊数学综合评价

针对影响采场结构参数选择的复杂因素,提出了一种基于层次分析法和模糊数学的综合评价方法.在评判优选过程中,综合考虑各动态、静态、定量、非定量指标,如经济、安全、技术等指标,运用层次分析法确定各因素权重,根据模糊数学原理选择合理的隶属度函数,建立模糊综合评判模型,进行模糊优选.以康家湾矿拟采用的分段空场嗣后充填法为例,根据数值模拟结果从9种待选结构参数组合中筛选6种方案,进行模糊综合评判,得出各方案优越度分别为96.3%、77.1%、96.6%、82.2%、89.1%、79.0%,最终确定方案5最优,其矿房跨度20 m,间柱4 m,顶板厚度4 m.     

基于应急救援目标的化工企业平面布局优化

为在布局设计初级阶段实现平面布局方案的优选,从本质上减少影响应急救援的不利因素,构建了基于AHP 与DEA 和模糊综合评价法的化工企业平面布局安全评价模型.依据平面布局不合理对应急救援的影响,从消防设施布局、消防道路布局和疏散布局三个方面,构建评价指标体系;运用AHP 和DEA 相结合的方式确定各指标权重,以隶属度函数曲线为基础,得到各评分集的隶属度,构建模糊综合评价模型.用该评价模型对化工企业布局方案进行优选,选出的布局方案与分析的一致,表明该评价模型有一定的实用价值.     

基于模糊HSE评价的多目标反应路径综合方法

为在过程早期获取HSE综合性质优良的反应路径,提出了基于模糊HSE评价的多目标反应路径综合方法。全面考虑HSE因素,形成了HSE指标结构,通过设定指标的隶属度函数,建立模糊推理系统,应用层次分析法（analytic hierarchy process,AHP）确定指标的权重因子,形成了模糊HSE评价方法。基于模糊HSE评价体系,建立以安全、环境和健康为目标函数的多目标优化模型,求解得到优良的反应路径组合。应用于萘甲胺反应路径综合实例,定量得到了反应路径及其HSE目标函数值,为过程早期的路径优选提供定量数据。     

秦京线输油管道土壤腐蚀的模糊综合评判

在分析土壤的理化性质对管材腐蚀影响基础上,确定了土壤理化性质对管材腐蚀的分级标准。建立了土壤理化性质对管材腐蚀性的隶属函数,确定了管道土壤腐蚀的模糊综合评判数学模型。最后,对秦京线输油管道的土壤腐蚀,进行了模糊综合评判。得出,秦京线土壤腐蚀较严重区域在秦皇岛输油站、昌黎输油站附近和迁安输油站出口处附近,处于“强腐蚀”和“较强腐蚀”范围内,影响秦京线土壤腐蚀主要因素是土壤含水率、含盐量和电阻率,其中以含水率的影响最大。     

基于AHP-FUZZY的充填站位置选择

运用层次分析法和模糊数学的基本原理对多种充填站位置方案进行了综合评判优选。评判优选过程中,综合考虑了影响充填站位置的基建总成本、运营成本、最大充填倍线、管理难易程度和征地难易程度等指标;将待选择方案指标转换成隶属度矩阵,通过层次分析法得到各因素权重向量;从而建立模糊综合评判模型,利用模糊数学原理计算出各方案基于影响因素的综合优越度。以新桥矿为例,得出待选充填站方案的优越度分别为75.23%、89.45%、82.54%,从而确定第二种方案最优。     

基于Plaxis数值模拟与FAHP的矿块结构参数优化

结合司家营矿区田兴铁矿2000万t/a超大能力矿山建设的技术需求,为获取最优的矿块结构参数,运用Plaxis数值模拟与FAHP(模糊层次分析法)相结合的方法进行研究。首先通过Plaxis有限元数值模拟实验,对比分析了9种不同方案各个开挖阶段的最大主应力和顶板沉降位移,总结破坏规律,初步确定了矿块结构参数较优的5个备选方案。其次综合考虑经济、技术、安全等方面因素,利用层次分析法构建矿块结构参数综合评判模型,确定各指标的权重向量,运用模糊综合评判的方法,建立隶属度矩阵,计算综合评判向量,得到各方案的综合优越度为0.937、0.967、0.926、0.917、0.923,最终确定最优的矿块结构参数为长50m,宽20m。     

HYBRID INTELLIGENT CONTROL SCHEME FOR AIR H£ATING SYSTEM USING FUZZY LOGIC AND GENETIC ALGORITHM

ABSTRACT

Fuzzy logic provides a means for converting a linguistic control strategy, based on expert knowledge, into an automatic control strategy. Its performance depends on membership function and rule sets. In the traditional Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) approach, the optimal membership is formed by trial-and-error method. In this paper, Genetic Algorithm (GA) is applied to generate the optimal membership function of FLC. The membership function thus obtained is utilized in the design of the Hybrid Intelligent Control (HIC) scheme. The investigation is carried out for an Air Heat System ( AHS) an important component of drying process. The knowledge of the optimum PID controller designed, is used to develop the traditional FLC scheme. The computational difficulties in finding optimal memebership function of traditional FLC is allieviated using GA in the design of HIC scheme. The qualitative performance indicies are evaluated for the three control strategies, namely, PID, FLC and HIC. The comparison reveals that the HIC schene designed based on the hybridisation of FLC with GA performs better. Moreover, GA is found to be an effective tool for designing the FLC, eliminating the human interface required to generate the membership functions.     

HYBRID INTELLIGENT CONTROL SCHEME FOR AIR H£ATING SYSTEM USING FUZZY LOGIC AND GENETIC ALGORITHM

Fuzzy logic provides a means for converting a linguistic control strategy, based on expert knowledge, into an automatic control strategy. Its performance depends on membership function and rule sets. In the traditional Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) approach, the optimal membership is formed by trial-and-error method. In this paper, Genetic Algorithm (GA) is applied to generate the optimal membership function of FLC. The membership function thus obtained is utilized in the design of the Hybrid Intelligent Control (HIC) scheme. The investigation is carried out for an Air Heat System ( AHS) an important component of drying process. The knowledge of the optimum PID controller designed, is used to develop the traditional FLC scheme. The computational difficulties in finding optimal memebership function of traditional FLC is allieviated using GA in the design of HIC scheme. The qualitative performance indicies are evaluated for the three control strategies, namely, PID, FLC and HIC. The comparison reveals that the HIC schene designed based on the hybridisation of FLC with GA performs better. Moreover, GA is found to be an effective tool for designing the FLC, eliminating the human interface required to generate the membership functions.     

基于DEA的化工企业科技管理效率分析

针对我国化工企业科技投入的多投入多产出情况,本文采用分批次的数据包络分析方法（DEA）,对我国各化工企业科技投入的管理效率进行了综合分析;并结合DEA改进值,提出了增强各化工企业科技管理效率的相应措施。     

Assessing the performance of UK universities in the field of chemical engineering using data envelopment analysis

University rankings have become an important tool to compare academic institutions within and across countries. Yet, they rely on aggregated scores based on subjective weights which render them sensitive to experts’ preferences and not fully transparent to final users. To overcome this limitation, we apply Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to evaluate UK universities in the field of chemical engineering as a case study, using data retrieved from two national rankings. DEA is a non-parametric approach developed for the multi-criteria assessment of entities that avoids the use of subjective weightings and aggregated scores; this is accomplished by calculating an efficiency index, on the basis of which universities can be classified as either ‘efficient’ or ‘inefficient’. Our analysis shows that the Higher Education Institutions (HEI) occupying the highest positions in the chemical engineering rankings might not be the most efficient ones, and vice versa, which highlights the need to complement the use of rankings with other analytical tools. Overall, DEA provides further insight into the assessment of HEIs, allowing institutions to better understand their weaknesses and strengths, while pinpointing sources of inefficiencies where improvement efforts must be directed.     

Technical efficiency and cost analysis in wastewater treatment processes: A DEA approach

In light of the growing importance of water reuse as an alternative source of water resources in many regional areas, the objective of this paper is to analyse the efficiency of wastewater treatment plants as a basic requisite to improve the potential of the water reuse. The analytical benchmarking methodology Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is used to calculate efficiency measurements. An efficiency index is obtained for each plant by means of mathematical programming techniques, aiming to minimise the inputs used in the water treatment process. This indicator is used as a reference to analyse plants' activity through a series of variables including the size of the plant or its cost structure. Given the importance of wastewater treatment in the Valencia Region (Spain), empirical research has been carried out for 338 plants located in this area. We verify the fact that the largest plants run more efficiently than smaller plants, as was to be expected. At the same time, there is evidence that a series of representative variables in the treatment process are clearly linked to efficiency. Maintenance and waste management costs are the most important factors to explain the differences between plants in terms of efficiency. Finally, the benchmarking methodology (Data Envelopment Analysis) is confirmed as a very useful management tool for the study of wastewater sector.     

FUZZY MODELING AND CONTROL OF BATCH BEER FERMENTATION+

Fuzzy reasoning based modeling of heuristic control rules are employed for control of batch beer fermentation. The effect of different types of membership functions, viz., line, triangular and phi membership functions is evaluated for the fuzzy subset. Various fuzzy model based controllers are presented using two approaches, namely simple fuzzy controller of few rules (FCFR) and rigorous fuzzy controller of many rules (FCM R), and also applied for the temperature control of fermenter. Zadeh's logic and Lukasiewicz's logic are adopted for computing the compositional rule of fuzzy logic inference. The results demonstrate that the proposed fuzzy controllers show better performance than the conventional controllers. FCFR approach provides better control performance, but needs optimum tuning or selection of gains for the fuzzy input and output variables, whereas FCMR approach is preferred due to flexibility in the operation of many control rules. Further, FCMR approach is free from optimum tuning or selection of gains for the fuzzy input and output variables.     

模糊自整定PID控制器的设计与仿真

制浆碱回收蒸发工段第一步就是通过蒸汽将黑液进行浓缩,蒸汽的温度控制效果对后续燃烧工段和苛化工段起着举足轻重的作用。主管道蒸汽温度控制通常具有大惯性、大延迟、时变等特性,采用常规的PID控制难以获得满意的控制效果。为此,提出一种模糊自整定PID控制器的串级控制算法,该算法很大程度上提高了主蒸汽温度的控制品质。针对隶属度函数对模糊推理模型的精度影响和控制算法的特点编写了模糊规则,并且根据动态性要求的不同,分两种情况进行比较。仿真表明,模糊自整定PID串级控制算法在整体性能上要优于传统PID串级控制。     

二乙醇胺辅助溶胶-凝胶法低温合成锆钛酸铅纳米粉体

以醋酸铅[Pb（CH3COO）2^-33H20]、硝酸锆[Zr（N03）4^-5H2O]和钛酸四丁酯[Ti（C4H90）4]为原料,以二乙醇胺（diethanolamine,DEA）为聚合剂．用溶胶-凝胶法制备了锆钛酸铅（PbZrxTil-x03,PZT）纳米陶瓷粉体。研究了DEA对溶胶-凝胶法合成PZT陶瓷粉体的影响...