OFDM快时变信道下的相位旋转调制技术

由于发射端和接收端振荡器之间的频率偏差以及无线信道的时变性,OFDM系统各个子载波之间的正交性将会被破坏,从而产生载波间干扰(ICI)。该文利用发送端的多天线分集,提出了一种新型的相位旋转调制技术。它通过在频域对不同发送天线上的发送信号进行不同角度的旋转,使接收端等效信道频域响应产生的载波间干扰最小,达到抑制载波间干扰的作用。实验证明,这种新型的相位旋转调制技术不会改变OFDM系统的发送功率,能够在不占用额外系统带宽的情况下有效地消除快时变信道环境下系统的载波间干扰,达到较好的误码率性能。     

一种适用于快衰落信道的ICI抑制方案

针对高速移动环境下多普勒频偏造成信道的快衰落和正交频分复用(OFDM)系统中子载波间干扰(ICI)的问题,提出了一种适合快衰落环境的OFDM系统子载波间干扰抑制算法。此算法用线性变化模型来近似一个OFDM符号周期内的信道冲激响应,并以此为基础采用迭代MMSE均衡方法抑制载波间干扰。分析和仿真结果表明,此方法能有效地保证载波间的正交性,从而改善了OFDM系统的误码率(BER)性能。     

一种改进的OFDM/OQAM系统信道估计算法

基于块状导频的信道估计方法可以克服OFDM/OQAM(OFDM/Offset QAM)系统所固有的符号间和载波间干扰,从而成为该类系统通用的信道估计方法。该文基于块状导频结构和OFDM/OQAM的系统特点,分析了系统相邻子载波之间的相关性,并在此基础上提出一种改进的信道估计算法,通过计算相邻子载波的相关系数,在频域进行有效的加权运算来降低干扰和噪声对信道估计的影响。分析和仿真结果表明,该算法能够有效地提高传统算法的信道估计精度和系统性能。     

OFDM系统中的迭代并行子载波间干扰消除技术

由于实际信道的时变性，OFDM系统中每一子载波上的接收信号受到其它子载波上所传输信号的影响，形成载波间干扰(ICI)并造成误码性能降低。本文提出了适用于OFDM系统的迭代并行子载波间干扰消除接收技术，分析和仿真结果表明此方法可以有效地消除载波间干扰，在归一化多普勒频移为0．1和0．001时，分别提高接收机的性能0.8dB和0．5dB。     

OFDM/OQAM系统中联合迭代信道估计和信号检测

与基于复数域空间正交条件的传统正交频分复用系统(OFDM with Cyclic Prefix, CP-OFDM)有所不同,基于交错正交调制的正交频分复用系统(OFDM/Offset QAM, OFDM/OQAM)满足实数域空间严格正交条件。因此在多径衰落信道条件下,CP-OFDM系统中的信道估计方法会导致OFDM/OQAM系统严重的字符间干扰和载波间干扰。该文结合OFDM/OQAM系统结构特点,提出了一种基于迭代信道估计和信号检测算法。该算法通过信道估计器和接收到的信号互相交换信息,消除导频序列中的字符间干扰和载波间干扰,提高信道估计和信号检测的准确度。仿真分析结果表明,经过一定次数迭代处理后,OFDM/OQAM迭代信道估计性能趋近于理想信道估计性能。     

OFDM系统基于导频的联合信道估计与干扰抵消算法

对OFDM(orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing)系统中由于时频双选信道产生的载波间干扰进行了分析,并在此基础上提出了一种新的OFDM导频符号结构及信道估计方法,从而实现了在一个OFDM符号内时域信道估计和干扰抵消。仿真结果表明:提出的信道估计与干扰抵消相结合的联合算法不仅可以给出精度较高的信道信息,而且可以明显提高系统的性能。     

OFDM系统中基于分组导频的迭代信道估计算法

对OFDM系统中由于信道的时变性产生的载波间干扰进行了分析,并在此基础上提出了一种分组导频结构的DFT迭代信道估计算法。与原有的信道估计算法相比,此种算法不仅在一般的信道条件下具有良好的性能,而且更加适合快变信道条件下的OFDM系统。仿真结果表明:提出的OFDM信道估计算法不仅可以给出精度较高的信道信息,而且近似达到理想信道估计的性能。     

一种针对双衰落信道OFDM的新均衡算法

在OFDM系统中，子载波间的正交性是保证OFDM性能的重要保障。针对双选择性衰落信道下的OFDM系统，该文在分析载波间干扰（ICI）的基础上，提出了一种采用频域迭代消除ICI的均衡算法。分析和仿真结果表明此方法能有效地保证载波间的正交性和改善了OFDM系统的误码率（BER）性能。     

OFDM系统中基于载波干扰比最大的预编码方案

OFDM系统对频率的偏移非常敏感。一种简单的1/2码率的预编码方案可以有效地抑制载波间干扰(Inter-Carrier Interference,ICI),提高载波干扰比(Carrier-to-Interference Ratio,CIR)。该文提出了一种基于最大化载波干扰比原理的含参数的预编码方案。在估计系统频率偏移的情况下,这种方案可以通过简单的计算得到使载波干扰比最大的编码参数。实验证明,这种含有参数的预编码方案,可以有效地抑制载波间干扰,提高系统性能。     

基于时变衰落信道分解的OFDM信号接收技术

OFDM信号在时变衰落信道中传输时存在载波间干扰(ICI),降低了系统的性能。基于衰落信道的多普勒分解,OFDM信号在时变衰落信道中的传输可以等效成信息数据直接通过无衰落的离散白噪声滤波器模型信道传输,改进的Viterbi算法可用于接收这类信号。该接收技术可以有效去除传统的OFDM系统中的载波间干扰,消除误码的地板效应,提高了系统性能。     

Performance enhancement of the DSRC system using frequency-domain equalization for 5.9 GHz DSRC applications

This paper proposes the use of equalization concepts in frequency domain that exploit the frequency domain channel matrix to combat inter-carrier interference (ICI) instead of inter-symbol interference (ISI) in 5.9 GHz Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) systems. The physical layer (PHY) of DSRC is currently being developed by work group of IEEE 802.11p. The conventional system currently assumes static channel characteristics. Channel tracking schemes were investigated and the Viterbi-aided channel estimation scheme was proposed for DSRC systems that did not explicitly exploit the ICI components caused by the time-varying channels. The performance of the DSRC system is investigated for a time-varying channel using a conventional DSRC model, a decision-directed (Viterbi-aided) channel estimation model, and the frequency-domain equalization design. It is shown that the DSRC system with the frequency-domain equalization achieves a considerable performance enhancement compared to both the conventional and the Viterbi-aided channel estimation schemes in terms of both packet error rate (PER) and bit error rate (BER) at relatively high and low velocities.     

Progressive iterative channel estimation in fast time-varying OFDM systems

Considering the joint channel estimation and data detection in time-varying orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） and addressing transmission performance degradation induced by the severe inter-carrier interference （ICI） at very high speed, a new progressive iterative channel estimation scheme is proposed. To alleviate the error propagation of the inaccurate data due to ICI, the measurement subcarriers in the Kalman filter is designed to be extended from pilots subcarriers to all the subcarriers progressively through the iterations. Furthermore, in iteration process, the interference of the non-pilot data to the measurement subcarriers is considered to be part of noise in the modified Kalman filter, which improves the estimation accuracy. Simulation indicates that the proposed scheme improves the performance in fast time-varying situation.     

Bit Interleaved Time-Frequency Coded Modulation for OFDM Systems Over Time-Varying Channels

Bit Interleaved Time-Frequency Coded Modulation for OFDM Systems Over Time-Varying Channels Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is a promising technology in broadband wireless communications with its ability in transforming a frequency selective fading channel into multiple flat fading channels. However, the time-varying characteristics of wireless channels induce the loss of orthogonality among OFDM sub-carriers, which was generally considered harmful to system performance. In this paper, we propose a bit interleaved time–frequency coded modulation (BITFCM) scheme for OFDM to achieve both time and frequency diversity inherent in broadband time-varying channels. We will show that the time-varying characteristics of the channel are beneficial to system performance. Using the BITFCM scheme and for relatively low maximum normalized Doppler frequency, a reduced complexity Maximum Likelihood (ML) decoding approach is proposed to achieve good performance with low complexity as well. For high maximum normalized Doppler frequency, the inter-carrier interference (ICI) can be large and an error floor will be induced. To solve this problem, we propose two ICI mitigation schemes by taking advantage of the second order channel statistics and the complete channel information, respectively. It will be shown that both schemes can reduce the ICI significantly.     

MIMO OFDM Systems Based on the Optimal Fractional Fourier Transform

Transmission over wireless time-varying channels can lead to inter-carrier interference (ICaI) and inter-cell interference (ICeI) in multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems. In this paper, it is considered that each cell can search respective optimal order chirp basis to replace exponential basis to suppress ICaI, and optimal interference restricted combination equalizer based on the Fractional Fourier Transform is proposed to suppress ICeI. Furthermore, a novel equivalent channel estimation algorithm is used to improve system simulation efficiency. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed approach.     

双选择信道下OFDM系统中一种基于新Kalman滤波估计的Turbo均衡

在OFDM系统中,信道的快速时变性破坏了子载波间的正交性,从而导致子载波间干扰(ICI),降低了系统性能。该文针对双选择信道的时变特性,提出了一种新的Kalman滤波信道估计算法,将其应用于过采样的复指数基扩展模型(OCE-BEM),从而将一个OFDM符号周期内信道参数时变的问题转化为参数时不变问题,同时,将这种新的Kalman滤波器与基于ICI抑制的低复杂度LMMSE Turbo均衡器相结合,并辅以循环冗余码校验(CRC)控制算法迭代次数,从而不需要更多的导频符号,在保证算法性能的基础上,减小算法的计算时延和复杂度。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该文给出的方法在双选择信道下能够有效地跟踪信道变化并抑制ICI影响。     

双选择性信道下发射分集MISO OFDM系统基于BEM的低复杂度信道均衡

在高速移动环境下,无线信道会同时经历时间选择性和频率选择性衰落,即所谓的快速时变信道,也称之为双选择性信道。最初的发射分集Alamouti编码方案是针对时不变平坦信道提出的,不能直接应用于快速时变信道。此外,OFDM 系统在双选信道下遭受的载波间干扰(ICI)不可忽视。因此,发射分集MISO OFDM系统在双选择性信道下既节能又有效的信号恢复是有挑战的。本文基于双选择性信道的基扩展模型(BEM)表示,研究了一种有效的可动态分组的混合干扰消除(HIC)信道均衡方案。仿真结果表明,提出的方案,与传统的MMSE均衡相比,计算复杂度大大降低的同时性能显著提高,计算量的降低减少了能量消耗,达到节能的目的;与现有的关于发射分集的信道均衡方案相比,表现出性能和复杂度的较好折中;此外,在信道信息完美已知的假设下,随着移动速度的提高,误码性能没有损失。      

OFDM/OQAM系统自适应波形设计及多址接入系统

基于传统正交频分复用技术的OFDMA多址接入技术仍然存在循环前缀-正交频分复用(CP-OFDM)技术的固有缺陷,即循环前缀的添加降低了系统频谱利用率,多普勒频移对传统OFDMA系统产生较强的子载波间干扰,且对相邻频带的其他无线传输系统引入较强的相邻信道干扰。该文主要讨论基于扩展高斯函数的正交频分复用系统自适应波形设计,通过信道散射函数选择合适的扩展因子参数,获取更高的频谱利用率和抑制符号间干扰和子载波间干扰。最后该文将自适应波形设计的思想扩展至基于扩展高斯函数的多址接入系统,使每个用户能够根据信道条件选择合适的成形滤波器函数,进而使多址接入系统达到全局最优化。仿真结果验证了该文方法的有效性。     

OFDM联合信道估计与均衡技术研究

OFDM系统在时变信道中会受到子载波间干扰,单独进行信道估计和信号检测的策略对于提高接收机的抗干扰能力有限,将信道估计和信号检测统一考虑则可更有效地抵抗子载波间干扰。针对此问题,基于迭代SAGE算法提出了一种新的联合信道估计与符号检测算法,为了减低算法的复杂度,引入BEM信道建模方法。仿真评估了BEM算法的归一化均方误差性能,验证了BEM建模的有效性,显示该算法的误码率优于基于BEM算法的线性均衡检测算法和基于MMSE的干扰对消算法,而且该算法只通过少数几次迭代便可达到收敛域,较好地克服了子载波间干扰的问题。     

一种时频双选信道下OFDM系统的低复杂度迭代干扰抵消算法

为了消除正交频分复用(OFDM)系统在时频双选信道条件下由于信道快时变带来的载波间干扰,本文提出了一种新的低复杂度迭代干扰抵消方法.为了消除载波间干扰,已经提出了不少方法,但这些方法要么因为矩阵求逆运算带来了高计算复杂度,要么以性能退化为代价换来低计算复杂度.利用并行迭代干扰抵消技术,本文算法可以明显改善系统性能,同时借助带状矩阵近似和最小二乘QR分解(LSQR)迭代计算的特点来降低计算复杂度.仿真结果表明,在高信噪比条件下,随着迭代次数的增加,本文所提出的算法可以有效的减少"地板效应",在系统性能和计算复杂度之间取得更好的折中.     

Channel Modeling and Inter-Carrier Interference Analysis for V2V Communication Systems in Frequency-Dispersive Channels

Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication has attracted much attention recently. In V2V communications mobility plays a major role in yielding frequency dispersion of the channels, and thus accurately modeling of Doppler effect becomes a challenging issue as the two fundamental assumptions of the Jack’s model may not be valid due to time-varying channel characteristics in V2V communication systems. In this paper, we present a practical model to characterize V2V communication channel and its corresponding Doppler spread spectrum is derived. In addition, we will study the impact of inter-carrier interference (ICI) generated in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based V2V communication system. Compared with the classical Jake’s channel model, our proposed new channel model is more accurate and fits in particular well for the performance assessment of vehicle-to-vehicle communication systems.