直接甲醇燃料电池质子交换膜研究进展

直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)以其燃料来源丰富、储存方便、结构简单、安全等优点而日益受到广泛的关注。预计将在很多领域中能得到广泛的应用。过去,人们对DMFC做了很多研究,针对直接甲醇燃料电池中的质子交换膜(PEM)的阻甲醇性能方面的研究进展作如下评述。     

直接甲醇燃料电池用质子交换膜的研究进展

综述了质子交换膜在直接甲醇燃料电池中的作用和要求,目前质子交换膜的研究进展,重点介绍了适用于直接甲醇燃料电池用质子交换膜的各种材料的改性方法。按照物理和化学两种方法对几类质子交换膜材料进行改性。同时对比了改性前和改性后各种聚合物膜的物性特点。     

直接甲醇燃料电池用阻醇质子交换膜研究进展

直接甲醇燃料电池是近十年兴起的新型燃料电池,并以其独特的优点引起了人们广泛的关注。作为其重要组成部分的质子交换膜的性质是影响电池性能的关键因素。本文在介绍近两年质子交换膜研究最新进展的基础上,综述了天然聚合物用作质子交换膜材料的研究情况,并分析了其优劣势及应用前景。     

直接甲醇燃料电池用新型质子交换膜的研究

以聚醚醚酮(PEEK)为原料,浓硫酸为磺化剂制备了不同磺化度的磺化聚醚醚酮(SPEEK)膜,以及磺化聚醚醚酮与聚乙烯醇(PVA)、正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)、磷钨酸的复合膜.分别对膜的电导率、阻醇性能和吸水率进行了研究.随着SPEEK膜磺化度的增大,膜的电导率有所提高,然而甲醇渗透系数也增大,膜的机械强度明显降低.SPEEK膜的吸水率低于Nafion 115膜,而PVA膜的吸水率则过高.     

质子交换膜燃料电池的发展现状

简要叙述了质子交换膜燃料电池的发展历史,介绍了高效、新型电催化剂、新型质子交换膜、新型双极板与流场的研究、应用、开发等关键技术,并对质子交换膜燃料电池的发展前景进行了展望。     

甲醇重整气为燃料的质子交换膜燃料电池

进行了甲醇重整气与燃料电池的联合试验。与PEMFC配套的甲醇制氢氢源系统运行稳定,出口氢浓度为43-45%,CO含量为0-6ppm,压力控制在0.22~0.25MPa(表压)。单对电池氢的利用率可达到83%,电池排氢浓度为12%以下。不同氢源下PEMFC性能从高到底的顺序为纯氢、甲醇重整气、配气。单电池试验表明,微量的甲醇或二甲醚对电池未发现明显的影响。     

质子交换膜燃料电池可视化研究进展

质子交换膜燃料电池(包括氢氧质子交换膜燃料电池和直接甲醇燃料电池)内的两相流动以及相应的水管理、气管理对燃料电池的性能和寿命有很大的影响,而可视化方法是研究流场槽道内两相流动非常重要的方法之一。可视化实验可以真实地展示气泡或液滴在流场槽道内的生成以及发展过程,有利于了解其进化机制,从而进一步优化气管理、水管理并提高电池性能。本文主要综述了质子交换膜燃料电池两极流场内两相流动的可视化研究进展,讨论了扩散层的润湿性以及扩散层内水的传递机理,还介绍了实现可视化的方法,并提出了可视化研究的不足及发展方向。     

质子交换膜燃料电池关键技术研究进展

简述了质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的工作原理及特点;综述了PEMFC关键技术的最新研究进展,包括质子交换膜合成、电催化剂制备、膜电极工艺及水管理和热控制;并简介了我国PEMFC的开发情况。     

直接甲醇燃料电池用有机-无机杂化质子交换膜研究进展

介绍了直接甲醇燃料电池用有机-无机杂化质子交换膜的研究目的和意义,综述了杂化膜的种类、制备方法、结构与性能和质子传输机理,展望了杂化膜的研究方向。     

直接涂膜技术用于质子交换膜燃料电池膜电极制备

引　言质子交换膜燃料电池 (PEMFC)是极具吸引力的电化学能量转换装置 ,是未来电动汽车的主要动力源 ,也是洁净高效的新型化学电源 .对于电动汽车的应用 ,要求PEMFC提供高能量密度、低催化剂负载量 ,以降低系统体积和成本[1] .膜电极(membraneandelectrodeassembly ,简称MEA)是由聚合物电解质膜、电极催化剂和扩散层材料组合而成的三明治式结构组件 ,类似于计算机的芯片 ,是燃料电池的核心部件 ,长期以来大量的研究集中于MEA新材料设计与制备 ,以提高电池的性能 .近年来 ,对MEA的微观结构分析、MEA制备工艺与电池性能的关系研究工作明显增多[2～ 7] .从PEM FC研究实践中发现 ,如何减少电极中Pt催化剂负载量并能继续保持或者提高电池性能的MEA制备技术开发至关重要 .其中超薄Pt层沉积法[8～ 10 ] 是MEA的制备新技术之一 .与传统的基于墨水涂布(based inkprinting)的方法相比 ,喷溅沉积法(sputterdeposit) [9] 制备的MEA提高了电池的性能和催化剂的利用率 ,它是用直接喷溅沉积法 (directlydeposit) [10...     

燃料电池用的含氟质子交换膜的研发现状

质子交换膜是燃料电池中的关键部件。本文介绍了有关用于燃料电池的质子交换膜的研发现状。     

磺化聚芳烃质子交换膜的研究进展

质子交换膜燃料电池是21世纪最清洁的能源之一,质子交换膜是其核心组件,目前商业化的质子交换膜存在着成本高、无法高温操作、甲醇渗透率高等缺点,因此开发新型低成本,高性能的聚芳香烃质子交换膜的研究热点之一。本文介绍了聚芳烃质子交换膜的改性方法及产生的效果。     

六元环型磺化聚酰亚胺类质子交换膜

磺化聚酰亚胺是一类很有希望在燃料电池中获得应用的质子交换膜材料。本文对近年来六元环型磺化聚酰亚胺的制备、磺化聚酰亚胺质子交换膜的各项性能做了一定的归纳与分析。重点介绍了耐水性、耐久性、离子交换容量、质子电导率四个方面的测试方法及影响因素,指出目前存在的问题并预测了今后重点研究的方向。     

Improvement of the Ohmic Loss Process Model of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

The impedance characteristics of the ohmic overpotential of the proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells are studied analytically using the process modeling approach. The water transport in the membrane, the cathode catalyst layer, and gas diffusion layer are analyzed. The analytical relation of the impedance of the ohmic loss is determined and is converted to an equivalent circuit. Then, the impedance of a PEM fuel cell is measured experimentally in different current densities, operating temperatures and the anode and cathode relative humidities. The measured impedances are compared with the predicted ones from the analytical model. It is shown that the predicted impedance characteristics are in great agreement with the measured ones in all different operating conditions.     

Sulphonated Tetramethyl Poly(ether ether ketone)/Epoxy/Sulphonated Phenol Novolac Semi‐IPN Membranes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

The sulphonated phenol novolac (PNBS) which was used as a curing agent of epoxy was synthesised from phenol novolac (PN) and 1, 4‐butane sultone and confirmed by FTIR and ¹H NMR. The degree of sulphonation (DS) in PNBS was calculated by ¹H NMR. The semi‐IPN membranes composed of sulphonated tetramethyl poly(ether ether ketone) (STMPEEK) (the value of ion exchange capacity is 2.01 meq g^–1), epoxy (TMBP) and PNBS were successfully prepared. The semi‐IPN membranes showed high thermal properties which were measured by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). With the introduction of the cross‐linked TMBP/PNBS, the mechanical properties, dimensional stability, methanol resistance and oxidative stability of the membranes were improved in comparison to the pristine STMPEEK membrane. Although the proton conductivities of the semi‐IPN membranes were lower than those of the pristine STMPEEK membrane, the higher selectivity defined as the ratio of the proton conductivity to methanol permeability was obtained from the STMPEEK/TMBP/PNBS‐14 semi‐IPN membrane. The results indicated that the semi‐IPN membranes could be promising candidates for usage as proton exchange membranes in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs).     

Carbon Nanotubes and Nanohorn Hybrid Composite Buckypaper as Microporous Layer for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

In the present work, carbon nanotubes (CNT) and CNT‐carbon nanohorns (CNH) (0, 30, 50, 70 and 100 wt.% CNH) composite Buckypapers (BPs) were fabricated using vacuum filtration technique. Structure and property relation of composite BPs were studied using scanning electron microscope, four probe technique, BET surface area and contact angle measurements. Properties such as electrical conductivity, hydrophobic nature and microstructure of CNT‐30 wt.% CNH composite BP are superior to other composite BP. Hence, CNT‐30 wt.% CNH composite BP is chosen as a microporous layer (MPL) for PEMFCs and tested in fuel cell testing fixture. Polarization studies reveal that the cells performance with composite BPs is comparable with SGL‐MPL based cell. Hydrogen pumping and polarization studies of the cells confirms that composite BPs act as a good MPL at anode as well as cathode at 0.4 to 0.8 V. Hence, CNT‐CNH composite BPs are potential candidates for PEMFC applications.     

Simulation and Experiment of a Cogeneration System Based on Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

This project designs and simulates a cogeneration system of proton exchange membrane fuel cell using Matlab/Simulink software and Thermolib heat module components. The system not only satisfies the need for electric power, but also provides heat recovery for future uses, thus increasing energy transfer efficiency. PEM fuel cell‐based cogeneration system is introduced, including the hydrogen supply subsystem, air supply subsystem, load control subsystem, real‐time monitoring block, and heat recovery subsystem. The complete fuel cell‐based cogeneration system is constructed by assembling the fuel cell stack, fuel, coolant flow rate control system, and all the subsystems. In addition to the fuel cell experiment, influencing factors on the fuel cell‐based system, such as the fuel inhale rate, coolant flow rate, system temperature, fuel humidification, thermal efficiency, electrical efficiency, and combined heat and power (CHP) system efficiency, are analyzed and charted regarding different loads. In this system, with the power at 3 kW, the CHP efficiency reaches 64%. The CHP efficiency is 76.6% with the load power at 4 kW. When the power is at 5 kW, the thermal efficiency reaches 36.9% and the CHP efficiency reaches 82.9%.     

废旧全氟磺酸质子交换膜的回收和利用

综述了国内外全氟磺酸质子交换膜的研究状况、在各领域的使用情况及其结构特点，并分析了全氟磺酸质子交换膜回收利用的意义和方法，探讨了全氟磺酸树脂溶液的应用。     

Comparative Study of On‐Line Membrane Electrode Assembly Activation Procedures in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

The major objectives of this study are to identify the best activation procedure between commonly used procedures that can significantly reduce the conditioning duration and to understand the change in interfacial properties during conditioning. In order to do that, three on‐line activation procedures were employed for activating of identical MEAs in PEMFC and studied by polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). These methods are constant current (0.25 A cm^–2) for 19 h, constant voltage (0.6 V) for 9 h, and USFCC protocol. The best performance was achieved by USFCC protocol within 15 h, but by constant voltage procedure, 96% of mentioned protocol was obtained during 6 h. So constant voltage activation proceeded remarkably fast, and most of the activation process was achieved in the first few hours. Obtained results from Nyquist plots during/after MEA conditioning indicate mentioned process are irreversible and interfacial structures of MEAs are different even after finishing of MEA break‐in. It could be affected the MEA performance and even its durability. These results are consistence with the obtained performance of activated MEAs either in H₂/air or H₂/O₂ PEMFC. We found the mentioned constant current procedure consume long time without reaching to expectable performance even after 19 h.     

Matrix Material Study for in situ Grown Pt Nanowire Electrocatalyst Layer in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs)

The cathode electrocatalyst layers were prepared by in situ growing Pt nanowires (Pt‐NWs) in two kinds of matrixes with various Pt loadings for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Commercial carbon powder and 20 wt.% Pt/C electrocatalyst were used as the matrix material for the comparison. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), polarization curves tests, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were carried out to examine the effects of the matrix materials on the Pt‐NW growing and the electrode performance. The optimum Pt‐NW loadings of 0.30 mg cm⁻² in the carbon matrix (CM) and 0.20 mg cm⁻² for the Pt/C matrix (PM) were obtained. The results indicated that the Pt‐NWs grown in the CM had a better crystalline, longer size length and better catalyst activity than those in the PM. The mechanism of the matrix affection is further discussed in this paper.