数据广播环境下移动实时事务的有效并发控制

在无线数据广播环境下,从移动客户机到数据库服务器的上行带宽非常有限.传统的并发控制协议不适合这种不对称通讯环境.本文结合乐观并发控制协议和时标排序协议提出一种并发控制协议.只读事务满足弱一致性,包含所有更新事务和一个移动只读事务的可串行化图是非循环的.使用本文提出的并发控制协议,移动只读事务能够自主执行,移动更新事务能够较早地检测到数据冲突.模拟试验显示,我们提出的协议相对其它已经存在的并发控制协议来说,能够更好地满足事务截止期.     

并行数据库实时多版本并发控制协议性能研究

随着对实时数据库事务处理性能要求的不断提高 ,将并行数据库和实时数据库相结合的并行实时数据库将成为新的发展方向 .然而通常的实时多版本并发控制协议不适合并行数据库的无共享结构 .比较了几种并发控制协议在无共享结构下的性能 ,该文提出了一种并行实时多版本并发控制协议 .它能有效地减少事务的重启 ,降低事务的错过率 .在长短事务混合的情况下 ,它的性能比其它的并发控制协议更好 .同时 ,它具有更好的可扩展性 .作者利用仿真模型对该协议进行了性能测试 ,与其它协议进行了比较 ,并分析了实验结果 ,仿真实验结果表明该协议性能良好     

一种实时事务并发控制的新方法:SMVCC

提出了新颖的实时数据库事务并发控制方法：语义多版本并发控制协议（SMVCC）。利用实时数据库中存在多版本数据的特点,考虑实时数据和实时事务语义,结合实时数据库相似性概念,对传统多版本并发控制方法进行扩展,对不同事务采用不同并发控制策略,提高了事务并发度。     

一种新的实时数据库乐观并发控制方法

可串行化的并发控制对传统应用是合适的。而在实时数据库中，为了满足事务定时限制(典型地为截止期)，并且考虑到局部的数据库不一致能够随下一次数据采样恢复，人们提出了准一致可串行化标准。本文基于这一标准提出了一种新的乐观并发控制协议，它考虑了数据的相似性及事务特点，提高了事务执行的并发度，有利于实时事务定时限制的满足。     

基于MDRTDB并发控制协议DHP-2PL的研究

并发控制协议是确保数据库性能目标的一个关键问题,对移动分布式实时数据库(Mobile Distributed Real-time DataBase,简称MDRTDB)并发控制协议-分布式高优先级两段锁协议(Distributed High Priority two Phrase Locking protocol,简称DHP-2PL)从两个方面做出了改进:一是采用动态优先级分配策略,能够缩短实时事务执行的等待时间和避免饥饿现象的产生;二是为了增加并发度在加锁机制中使用混合加锁粒度,同时能够减少加锁开销。最后通过模拟应用环境的性能测试表明,这两方面的改进更好地满足了事务截止期的要求,提高了移动实时事务的成功率。     

嵌入式实时数据库系统并发控制技术研究

嵌入式实时数据库系统是近几年才兴起的一项新的数据管理技术.本文首先描述了实时事务并发控制并发控制协议,然后探讨了具有功能替代性和补偿性的实时事务并发控制的新特点,最后对嵌入式实时数据库总体结构和系统结构的一些主要特点做了详细阐述.从而解决无冲突替代不存在条件下的并发控制问题.     

一种新的实时事务处理策略及应用

通过对实时事务处理策略的研究,提出一种改进型事务处理策略,将时标调度策略和传统的优先级分配策略进行结合处理不同类型的实时事务,并将快照服务用于并发控制协议中.测试表明,这种处理策略能提升系统的性能.     

并行数据库实时多牌本并发控制协议性能研究

随着对实时数据库事处处理性能要求的不断提高，将并行数据库和实时数据库相结合的并行实时数据库将成为新的发展方向。然而通常的实时多牌本并发控制协议不适合并行数据库的无共享结构，比较了几种并发控制协议在无共享结构下的性能，该文提出了一种并行实时多牌本并发控制协议，它能有效地减省事务的重启，降低事务的错过率，在长短事务混合的情况下，它的性能比其它的并发控制协议更好，同时，它具有更好的可扩展性，作者利用仿真模型对该协议进行了性能测试，与其它协议进行了比较，并分析了实验结果，仿真实验结果表明该协议性能良好。     

广播环境中的Q可串行化实时并发控制

研究了实时广播中的数据一致性问题。传统冲突可串行化并发控制协议对非对称通信的广播环境来说过于严格且不必要。为此,提出使用Q可串行化：形式化定义了Q可串行化,证明了它虽比传统冲突可串行化宽松但能始终保证数据一致性,基于可动态调整串行化顺序的时标段排序方法给出了相应的并发控制协议。实验结果表明：新协议可显著降低平均响应时间,使更多移动实时事务满足截止期要求。     

实时数据库并发控制

可串行化的并发控制对传统应用是适合的,它旨在确保数据库的一致性,提高系统的吞吐量及减小事务平均响应时间,而在实时数据库中,一方面系统追求的主要目标是单个事务定时限制（典型地为截止期）的满足,另一方面,系统中的数据库是外部环境在逻辑世界中的映射,局部的数据库不一致能够随下一次数据采样恢复而不会大规模扩散,这些都为有利于传统严格一致的可串化并发控制的并发控制协议的采用提供了必要性和可能性,本文首先给出了数据库“相似性”的形式化定义,接着提出了“视图一致性”的概念,然后提出了一种新的并发控制协议,它考虑了数据的相似性,并使只读事之间并不满足传统的严格可串行化的标准,但并没有破坏数据库的一致性,事务执行的并发度有了提高,有利于实时事务定时限制的满足,最后我们将这种并发控制协议的性能与有名的H2PL协议的性能进行了比较。     

Prescheduling policy for real-time concurrency control: A performance evaluation

A new priority management policy, aprescheduling policy, is proposed. This policy can be applied on any conventional concurrency control protocol to schedule a real-time transaction. Costly preemption is avoided by the prescheduling policy, and parsing dataset of a transaction is not needed. Three widely used conventional concurrency control protocols (dynamic two-phase locking, basic timestamp ordering, and optimistic) are incorporated with the prescheduling policy to form three real-time concurrency control protocols. Performance of the three protocols is evaluated from three different viewpoints: database management systems, protocols, and transaction. From a database management system viewpoint, we show the prescheduling policy can improve the performance of protocols by raising thevalid ratio and reducingrestart counts. In general, two-phase locking with the prescheduling policy performs the best in most cases and yields the best choice for concurrency control in a real-time application. Deciding factors that affect performance of each protocol are identified from protocol viewpoint. Some suggestions are given for writing a timely transaction from the aspect of transaction viewpoint.     

Multidimensional Timestamp Protocols for Concurrency Control

We propose multidimensional timestamp protocols for concurrency control in database systems where each transaction is assigned a timestamp vector containing multiple elements. The timestamp vectors for two transactions can be equal if timestamp elements are assigned the same values. The serializability order among the transactions is determined by a topological sort of the corresponding timestamp vectors. The timestamp in our protocols is assigned dynamically and is not just based on the starting/finishing time as in conservative and optimistic timestamp methods. The concurrency control can be enforced based on more precise dependency information derived dynamically from the operations of the transactions. Several classes of logs have been identified based on the degree of concurrency or the number of logs accepted by a concurrency controller. The class recognized by our protocols is within D-serializable (DSR), and is different from all previously known classes such as two phase locking (2PL), strictly serializable (SSR), timestamp ordering (TO), which have been defined in literature. The protocols have been analyzed to study the complexity of recognition of logs. We briefly discuss the implementation of the concurrency control algorithm for the new class, and give a timestamp vector processing mechanism. The extension of the protocols for nested transaction and distributed database models has also been included.     

一种面向混合实时事务调度的并发控制协议

首先给出了一个两层结构的混合实时数据库系统模型,其中支持采用非定期任务调度算法来改进系统的性能．进一步,针对这种模型下混合事务的数据一致性问题,提出了一种新的并发控制协议——MCC-DATI．该协议采用动态优先级驱动的调度算法,通过限制非定期的软实时事务对硬实时事务的阻塞时间,保证硬实时事务的可调度性;同时,采用非定期任务调度算法以及基于时间戳间隔的动态串行化顺序调整机制来减少软实时事务的截止期错失率．仿真实验表明,相对于先前的混合事务的并发控制协议,该协议在不同的系统负载与截止期约束下都能够改进系统的性能。     

Towards a General Concurrency Control Algorithm for Database Systems

The concurrency control problem in database systems has been examined by many people and several concurrency control algorithms have been proposed. The most popular algorithms are two-phase locking and timestamp ordering. This paper shows that two-phase locking and timestamp ordering are special cases of a more general concurrency control algorithm. This general algorithm is described in detail and is proven to work correctly. We show that two-phase locking and timestamp ordering represent the two end points of a series of concurrency control algorithms. Each of them is a special case of the general algorithm proposed in this paper. Moreover, each of these special cases can be selected in advance, and can even be changed dynamically during execution.     

Real-time transaction scheduling in database systems

A database system supporting a real-time application, which can be called “a real-time database system (RTDBS)”, has to provide real-time information to the executing transactions. Each RTDB transaction is associated with a timing constraint, usually in the form of a deadline. Efficient resource scheduling algorithms and concurrency control protocols are required to schedule the transactions so as to satisfy both timing constraints and data consistency requirements. In this paper,^† we concentrate on the concurrency control problem in RTDBSs. Our work has two basic goals: real-time performance evaluation of existing concurrency control approaches in RTDBSs, and proposing new concurrency control protocols with improved performance. One of the new protocols is locking-based, and it prevents the priority inversion problem^{, †} by scheduling the data lock requests based on prioritizing data items. The second new protocol extends the basic timestamp-ordering method by involving real-time priorities of transactions in the timestamp assignment procedure. Performance of the protocols is evaluated through simulations by using a detailed model of a single-site RTDBS. The relative performance of the protocols is examined as a function of transaction load, data contention (which is determined by a number of system parameters) and resource contention. The protocols are also tested under various real-time transaction processing environments. The performance of the proposed protocols appears to be good, especially under conditions of high transaction load and high data contention.     

数据库系统的优化并行控制算法

The concurrency control problem in database systems has been examined by many people and several concurrency control algorithms have been proposed. The most popular algorithms are two-phase locking and timestamp ordering. Due to its inefficiency in some situations, we propose the optimized method which is combined of timestamp ordering and optimistic method. With this method, the efficiency can be improved in those systems where the conflicts between transactions rarely happen.     

基于相似和谨慎等待的移动分布式实时数据库并发控制方法

随着移动计算技术的快速发展,对移动环境下实时事务处理的需求也不断增加.而造成事务重启和阻塞的有限带宽和频繁断开是移动环境下实时系统特有的属性,因此过去针对分布式实时数据库系统的并发控制研究并不能够直接应用在移动分布式实时数据库上.把相似概念和谨慎等待方案与高优先级2阶段锁定(DHP-2PL)结合起来,形成基于相似和谨慎等待的移动分布式实时数据库的并发控制算法,以增加系统并发性,减少重启和阻塞事务的数量,并通过判断事务是否断开而探讨了相应的解决策略,降低了断开问题对系统性能的影响.     

移动分布式数据库中的实时事务处理

提出了移动事务实时提交协议(MTRTC)和多版本乐观并发控制协议(MVOCC)处理移动分布式实时事务。MVOCC有效性检查分为局部有效性检查和全局有效性检查,采用动态调整串行次序,避免了不必要的事务重启动,改善了只读事务的响应时间。MTRTC是一个实时提交协议,减少了通信信息。实验结果表明结合MVOCC和MTRTC事务处理协议优于其它事务处理协议。