Fe,N共掺杂TiO_2/SiO_2复合材料的制备及光催化性能

采用溶胶—凝胶法制备了掺杂不同量Fe,N的TiO2/SiO2复合纳米粒子。通过红外光谱、X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜等对制备的样品的结构和形貌进行表征。以甲基橙水溶液的光催化降解为模拟反应,在紫外光照射下评价了样品的光催化活性。结果表明:Fe,N共掺杂TiO2/SiO2为核壳结构,SiO2核与TiO2壳间形成了Ti—O—Si键。由于金属Fe3+离子抑制光生载流子的复合,非金属N降低了TiO2/SiO2的带隙能,Fe,N共掺杂的协同作用使复合TiO2/SiO2具有更好的光催化性能。共掺杂0.05%Fe及0.05%N的TiO2/SiO2复合光催化粒子的催化活性最高,光照1h后对甲基橙的降解率提高到52%。     

Fe-TiO2纳米微粒的制备及光催化性能试验研究

光催化技术是从20世纪70年代逐步发展起来的一门新兴环保技术，TiO2光催化更是热门的研究课题。介绍了以钛酸四丁酯为前驱体，采用溶胶-凝胶法制备Fe-TiO2纳米光催化剂的方法，并用纯TiO2和Fe-TiO2做光催化荆，对甲基橙溶液在紫外光下进行光催化降解试验。结果表明：掺杂铁离子可以有效提高TiO2的光催化活性，选用m（Fe／TiO2）为0．05％、500℃下煅烧得到的Fe-TiO2催化剂．在甲募橙溶液pH值为3、催化剂用量为1g／L时．其光催化活性达到最佳效果．     

日光灯光响应混晶纳米TiO2的制备及光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法,制备了Ce、Fe和Co共掺杂的混晶纳米TiO2粉末并进行了XRD表征。以普通日光灯为光源,考察了掺杂量、焙烧温度及焙烧时间、催化剂加入量对其光催化降解亚甲基蓝性能的影响。结果表明:掺杂样品中金红石相的含量大幅提高,光催化活性也优于纯TiO2。其中,组成为Ce0.0625Fe0.025Co0.002/TiO2的样品在500℃焙烧2h效果最佳。该催化剂加入量为0.4 g/L时,亚甲基蓝2h的降解率可达95.6%。     

Ce掺杂TiO_2纳米粒子的制备及其光催化活性研究

以钛酸四丁酯为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纯的和掺杂铈的TiO2纳米粒子,并利用XRD和UV-VIS对其进行表征,且在紫外光下,以甲基橙的光催化降解为模型反应,考察了TiO2纳米粒子的光催化活性和不同Ce掺杂量对光催化活性的影响。结果表明,Ce的掺杂抑制了锐钛矿晶粒的生长,并使TiO2纳米粒子的光谱响应范围拓展到可见光区,掺杂Ce的摩尔分数为0.05%时,TiO2纳米粒子具有最佳的光催化活性。     

漂珠负载Fe3+改性TiO2复合光催化剂的制备及光催化活性研究

利用溶胶-凝胶法实现了Fe3+掺杂的二氧化钛(TiO2)膜层在漂珠表面的负载,成功制备出Fe-TiO2/漂珠复合光催化剂。以亚甲基蓝为降解对象,研究其在可见光下的光催化效果,并结合SEM,XRD,UV-vis,FTIR等表征手段较为系统的研究了复合光催化剂的表面形态,晶型结构,光响应范围以及各种微观变化等。实验结果表明:Fe-TiO2/漂珠的光催化降解效率优于TiO2/漂珠。煅烧温度为450℃,Fe/Ti摩尔比为0.01%条件下制备的复合光催化剂降解性能最好。     

掺Fe3+纳米TiO2晶体结构及光催化性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纯的和Fe3+掺杂的TiO2纳米粒子,对样品进行了XRD分析,并以甲基橙的光催化降解研究了样品的光催化性能.结果发现Fe3+的掺杂抑制了TiO2粒径的长大,细化了晶粒;Fe3+掺入到TiO2的晶格中,引起了晶格的畸变和膨胀;Fe3+的掺杂促进了TiO2由锐钛矿向金红石的转变;Fe3+的掺杂量和煅烧温度对其光催化性能影响较大,在本实验的条件下,Fe3+的最佳掺杂量为0.05%,最佳煅烧温度为600℃.     

La3+,Ce3+及Fe3+的共掺杂对TiO2粉末光催化性能的影响

通过溶胶-凝胶法分别制备了La3 -Ce3 共掺杂及Fe3 -Ce3 共掺杂的TiO2纳米粉体。利用透射电镜(TEM)对粒子的形貌和粒径进行了表征,并用分光光度法研究了粉体对甲基橙溶液的降解。通过分析共掺杂离子的掺杂量和样品的煅烧温度对降解率的影响,对所制备粉体的光催化性能进行了研究。结果表明,La3 -Ce3 共掺杂的TiO2粉体其光催化活性有较大提高。     

Fe^3＋掺杂纳米TiO2光催化剂的制备及其光催化性能研究

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为表面活性剂,正丁醇为助表面活性剂,环己烷为油相,采用微乳液法制备出Fe3+掺杂纳米TiO2,用X-射线衍射(XRD)对纳米TiO2粒径、物相等方面进行了表征.通过光催化降解甲基橙溶液考察了TiO2的光催化性能.甲基橙降解实验结果表明,溶液的pH=2时降解率可达100%;掺杂Fe3+会影响TiO2光催化性能,n(Ti4+):n(Fe3+)=1:0.000 4的TiO2在前10 min降解率高达54.50%,60 min降解率可达93.33%,掺杂浓度增大到一定程度后,降解率反而下降,说明存在较佳掺杂浓度.另外,溶液初始浓度对TiO2光催化性能有一定的影响.     

掺杂铁TiO_2纳米微粒的制备及光催化性能

以钛酸四丁酯为前驱体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Fe3+掺杂改性纳米TiO2光催化剂,通过纯TiO2和掺铁TiO2分别做光催化剂时甲基橙溶液在紫外光下的光催化降解试验发现,掺杂铁离子可以有效提高TiO2的光催化活性,结果表明:选用Fe3+掺杂量为0.05%,煅烧温度在500℃下得到的Fe3+-TiO2催化剂,在甲基橙溶液pH值为3,催化剂投加量为1 g/L时,其光催化活性达到最佳效果。     

钕和镨共掺杂TiO2光催化性能的研究

采用溶胶—凝胶法制备纯纳米TiO2、钕和镨掺杂的纳米TiO2光催化剂,以甲基橙为目标降解物,研究了催化剂加入量、染料初始质量浓度、溶液pH值对甲基橙降解率的影响.实验结果表明,钕掺杂的纳米TiO2光催化活性高于纯纳米TiO2的光催化活性,而适量钕镨共掺杂纳米TiO2光催化活性可进一步提高,最佳掺杂浓度为0.5％的钕和0.2％的镨.当钕和镨共掺杂纳米TiO2催化剂加入量为2.0g/L,甲基橙溶液的初始质量浓度为30 mg/L,pH值为10.5时,在40 W紫外灯光照射35 min后降解率最好,可达到93％.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。