Co_3O_4纳米颗粒的制备及其超级电容性能研究

采用简单化学沉淀法,以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）为模板,Co（NO3）2.6H2O和NaOH为原料,空气作为温和氧化剂,室温下合成了具有花状分级多孔结构的Co3O4纳米颗粒电极材料。X-射线衍射（XRD）表明,产物中主要成分为Co3O4;扫面电镜的结果显示,制备的材料具有菜花状分级多孔结构;电化学测试结果表明,最高比容量达250 F/g,且经过1 000次循环后,容量保持了84%,显示出良好的超级电容性能。     

介孔CoMn2O4/还原氧化石墨烯复合材料的制备及其超级电容性能

采用共沉淀法制备了CoMn₂O₄/还原氧化石墨烯(CoMn₂O₄/rGO)复合电极材料,并研究了石墨烯含量对CoMn₂O₄/rGO复合材料形貌、微观结构及电化学性能的影响。结果表明:CoMn₂O₄纳米颗粒沉积在石墨烯纳米片的表面,随着石墨烯含量的增加,CoMn₂O₄纳米颗粒在r GO表面的分布逐渐均匀,聚集现象消失。CoMn₂O₄/rGO具有高的比表面积及优良的电化学性能,其中CoMn₂O₄/rGO20 (rGO质量分数为20%)电容性能最好,在电流密度1 A/g时具有1 420 F/g的比电容。CoMn₂O₄/rGO30(rGO质量分数为30%)的倍率性能和循环稳定性能最好。2 000次充放电后,样品CoMn₂O₄/rGO30在5 A/g时的比电容保持率为94%,样品CoMn₂O₄的比电容保持率为78%。     

低结晶度NiMn2O4/还原氧化石墨烯复合材料的制备及其超级电容性能

采用溶剂热法制备了NiMn₂O₄/还原氧化石墨烯(NiMn₂O₄/r GO)复合材料,并对表面形貌、微观结构和电化学性能进行了表征和测试。结果表明:低结晶度的NiMn₂O₄以丝绒状均匀地沉积在rGO纳米片上,几乎没有rGO裸露在外,NiMn₂O₄纳米颗粒间的聚集现象消失;同时NiMn₂O₄的覆盖也有效地阻止了石墨烯层之间的团聚。由于其独特的结构,NiMn₂O₄/r GO具有较大的比表面积和良好的导电性。在1 A·g^–1时的比电容是1 675 F·g^–1。在5 A·g^–1时,经过2 000个充放电循环后,NiMn₂O₄/r GO的比电容保持率为91%。     

Co3O4纳米簇阵列的制备及其电容特性

采用水热法以不同的填装度分别在泡沫镍和碳纤维基底上制备出了不同形貌的Co_3O_4。运用X射线衍射、红外光谱和扫描电镜对产物的结构和形貌进行表征。结果表明,在水热反应体系中,通过改变装填度大小,可以制备出相同物相、不同形貌的产物。通过循环伏安法、恒流充放电和交流阻抗法对泡沫镍基底Co_3O_4电极材料的电化学特性进行表征。结果表明,在填装度为70%时制备出的Co_3O_4均匀纳米簇阵列,表现出更好的电容特性。在2 mol/L的KOH电解液中,1 A/g的电流密度下,其比电容为961 F/g;当电流密度增至20 A/g时,比电容保持率为76%。     

水热合成纳微尺度Co3O4及其催化解聚木质素磺酸钙性能研究

通过水热合成法制备了一系列Co₃O₄晶体,利用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜以及N₂物理吸附仪等对合成Co₃O₄产物的晶相、形貌以及孔结构参数进行表征,并对其解聚木质素磺酸钙的催化性能进行评价。结果表明,当Co（NO₃）₂为钴源、Co（Ⅱ）初始浓度为0.4 mol/L、NaOH为沉淀剂、反应体系pH为9、晶化温度为220℃、时间为12 h时,合成的Co₃O₄产率为82.3%,结晶度为98.47%,且晶粒呈规则的立方体结构,粒径约为80～90 nm,孔容为0.059 cm³/g。当催化解聚反应温度为260℃、反应时间为5 h、m（CLS）∶m（Co₃O₄）=2∶1、体系中乙醇体积分数为40%时,液相收率高达58.44%;其中酚类化合物选择性高达55.81%（紫丁香酚类为32.37%,愈创木酚类为7.9%,苯酚类为15.54%）。     

MnFe2O4/graphene的制备及其超级电容性能

采用水热法制备了MnFe₂O₄/石墨烯(MFO/graphene)复合材料。利用XRD、SEM、EDS、循环伏安、计时电位等手段对MFO/graphene的物理与化学性能进行了表征。结果表明：产物为直径约100 nm的MFO颗粒均匀分布于graphene的片层上;MFO/graphene复合材料在3M KOH溶液中表现较好的超级电容特性。由于graphene的引入,提高了MFO材料导电性,进而改善了复合材料的电化学性能,MFO/graphene电极材料在1 A·g^-1的电流密度下展现出600 F·g^-1的比容量,与MFO相比,比电容提高了近47.1%。     

多元复合Co3O4/g-C3N4光催化性能研究进展

Co₃O₄/g-C₃N₄材料是一种可见光复合光催化材料,但很难同时满足理想光催化剂的诸多要求,限制了其实际应用能力。本文梳理了国内外利用金属粒子、金属氧化物、金属基材料、碳材料和磁性Fe₃O₄等对Co₃O₄/g-C₃N₄复合改性的研究进展,介绍了其制备方法、应用、光催化增强机理等。本文将对后期Co₃O₄/g-C₃N₄光催化剂的改性研究提供参考,以期获得性能更优的复合材料。     

Co3O4催化臭氧氧化降解水中酮基布洛芬的研究

以Co(NO₃)₂·6H₂O和尿素为原料制备了9种Co₃O₄催化材料,考察了其对水中酮基布洛芬(KTP)的催化臭氧氧化降解效能。结果表明,与单独臭氧氧化相比,所制备的Co₃O₄对水中KTP的催化臭氧氧化降解率提高了12.0%～63.8%,且在n[Co(NO₃)₂·6H₂O]:n(尿素)=4:1、煅烧温度400℃下制备得到的Co₃O₄催化剂催化活性最高。SEM、XRD、FTIR、XPS、BET等表征分析显示,该Co₃O₄催化剂表面呈覆盖细小微粒的球状颗粒,晶相为立方相,且表面含有丰富的羟基,表面羟基密度为1.075×10^-5 mol/m²。机理研究证实,Co₃O₄对水中KTP的非均相催化臭氧氧化降解...     

四氧化三钴超级电容器电极材料的制备与研究

电极材料是决定电化学电容器性能的一个主要方面,研究与开发高性能的电极材料是人们的研究重点之一.碳电极材料比电容较小;钌等贵重金属氧化物电极材料比电容量虽然很高,但昂贵的价格限制了其实际应用.因此价格低廉、环境友好、同样具有较高氧化还原电容的过渡金属氧化物成为目前超级电容器的研究热点之一.以硝酸钴为原料,以柠檬酸为模板水热合成了前驱体,200 ℃热处理后得到了四氧化三钴.循环伏安、恒流放电等电化学测试表明,200 ℃所得四氧化三钴电极在6 mol/L氢氧化钾溶液中和-0.1～0.5 V (vs. SCE) 电位范围内,具有较好的循环稳定性能,单电极比电容达到442 F/g.为开发高性能的超级电容器电极材料提供了参考.     

稀土掺杂Co3O4基超级电容器研究进展

由于Co_3O_4具有易于制备、环境友好、成本低廉并且具有相对较高的比电容等优点,被认为是一种很有潜力的超级电容器材料,但是由于Co_3O_4电极材料导电性差,所以导致其电化学性质受到一定的限制。然而,稀土是一组具有独特性质的元素,发现稀土元素在先进储能领域的应用,是将稀土化学与储能技术联系起来的重要契机。因此本文综述了稀土掺杂四氧化三钴在超级电容器的研究进展,讨论了稀土元素在超级电容器的研究现状。     

Pseudocapacitive properties of electrodeposited porous nanowall Co3O4 film

A porous nanowall Co₃O₄ film is prepared by a facile cathodic electrodeposition. The as-prepared porous nanowall Co₃O₄ film shows a net-like porous structure with huge porosity. The porous network is made up of free standing interconnected Co₃O₄ nanoflakes with a thickness of 20 nm. As cathode material for pseudocapacitors, porous nanowall Co₃O₄ film exhibits weaker polarization, higher electrochemical reactivity and better cycling performance as compared to the dense Co₃O₄ film. The specific capacitance of porous nanowall Co₃O₄ film is 325 F g⁻¹ at 2 A g⁻¹ and 247 F g⁻¹ at 40 A g⁻¹, respectively, much higher than that of the dense Co₃O₄ film (230 F g⁻¹ at 2 A g⁻¹ and 167 F g⁻¹ at 40 A g⁻¹). The better pseudocapacitive performances of the porous nanowall Co₃O₄ film are attributed to its highly porous morphology, which provides large reaction surface and short ion diffusion paths, and relaxes the volume change caused by the reaction during the cycling process.     

油相稳定分散Fe3O4纳米粒子的制备研究

分别采用热分解法及共沉淀油酸同步修饰法制备了2种可以在油相稳定分散的Fe3O4纳米粒子,并对热分解法制备Fe3O4纳米粒子的反应条件进行了优化,考察了热分解温度、熟化时间对颗粒粒径、形貌及磁性能的影响。通过TEM、VSM和FTIR等表征手段对2种方法制备的Fe3O4纳米粒子的油相分散稳定性、颗粒形貌及粒径、比饱和磁化强度及表面性质进行了比较。结果表明:热分解法制备的Fe3O4纳米粒子表现出更好的油相分散稳定性,共沉淀油酸同步修饰法制备的Fe3O4纳米粒子则表现出更好的磁响应性。     

Catalytic performance of Co3O4/CeO2 and Co3O4/CeO2–ZrO2 composite oxides for methane combustion: Influence of catalyst pretreatment temperature and oxygen concentration in the reaction mixture

The influence of catalyst pre-treatment temperature (650 and 750 °C) and oxygen concentration (λ = 8 and 1) on the light-off temperature of methane combustion has been investigated over two composite oxides, Co₃O₄/CeO₂ and Co₃O₄/CeO₂–ZrO₂ containing 30 wt.% of Co₃O₄. The catalytic materials prepared by the co-precipitation method were calcined at 650 °C for 5 h (fresh samples); a portion of them was further treated at 750 °C for 7 h, in a furnace in static air (aged samples).

Tests of methane combustion were carried out on fresh and aged catalysts at two different WHSV values (12 000 and 60 000 mL g⁻¹ h⁻¹). The catalytic performance of Co₃O₄/CeO₂ and Co₃O₄/CeO₂–ZrO₂ were compared with those of two pure Co₃O₄ oxides, a sample obtained by the precipitation method and a commercial reference. Characterization studies by X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET and temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) show that the catalytic activity is related to the dispersion of crystalline phases, Co₃O₄/CeO₂ and Co₃O₄/CeO₂–ZrO₂ as well as to their reducibility. Particular attention was paid to the thermal stability of the Co₃O₄ phase in the temperature range of 750–800 °C, in both static (in a furnace) and dynamic conditions (continuous flow). The results indicate that the thermal stability of the phase Co₃O₄ heated up to 800 °C depends on the size of the cobalt oxide crystallites (fresh or aged samples) and on the oxygen content (excess λ = 8, stoichiometric λ = 1) in the reaction mixture. A stabilizing effect due to the presence of ceria or ceria–zirconia against Co₃O₄ decomposition into CoO was observed.

Moreover, the role of ceria and ceria–zirconia is to maintain a good combustion activity of the cobalt composite oxides by dispersing the active phase Co₃O₄ and by promoting the reduction at low temperature.     

Synthesis and magnetic properties of CoAlFe2O4 nanoparticles

Nanosized particles of CoAl_xFe_2-xO₄, where 0?≤?x?≤?2, were synthesized by the sol–gel combustion method and the magnetic properties of these compounds were investigated. According to X-ray diffractograms, the samples are single phase and the crystallite size is between 7 and 25?nm. The room temperature saturation magnetization of the samples was estimated from the cation distribution and ferromagnetic resonance spectra were used to determine the magnetocrystalline anisotropy. The results show that the saturation magnetization and the magnetocrystalline anisotropy vary over a wide range, from maxima of M_s =?0.42?MA/m and K?=?0.39?kJ/m³ for x?=?1.0 to minima of almost zero for x?≈?1.4, a result that could be useful for practical applications of these materials.     

Synthesis and magnetic properties of nanoporous Co3O4 nanoflowers

Nanoporous Co₃O₄ hierarchical nanoflowers have been prepared through sequential process of a hydrothermal reaction and heat treatment. These nanoflowers consisting of a great deal of Co₃O₄ nanofibers have bimodal pore structures and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area of 34.61 m²/g. The temperature dependence curves of magnetization in zero-field-cooled and field-cooled exhibit main antiferromagnet and weak ferromagnet of Co₃O₄ nanoflowers at blocking temperature of 34 K, respectively. In addition, analysis of their optic properties obviously indicates red shift of absorption peaks, exhibiting quantum-confined effect and traits of semiconductor.     

Co3O4/CeO2 composite oxides for methane emissions abatement: Relationship between Co3O4–CeO2 interaction and catalytic activity

Co₃O₄/CeO₂ composite oxides with different cobalt loading (5, 15, 30, 50, 70 wt.% as Co₃O₄) were prepared by co-precipitation method and investigated for the oxidation of methane under stoichiometric conditions. Pure oxides, Co₃O₄ and CeO₂ were used as reference. Characterization studies by X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET, temperature programmed reduction/oxidation (TPR/TPO) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were carried out.

An improvement of the catalytic activity and thermal stability of the composite oxides was observed with respect to pure Co₃O₄ in correspondence of Co₃O₄–CeO₂ containing 30% by weight of Co₃O₄. The combined effect of cobalt oxide and ceria, at this composition, strongly influences the morphological and redox properties of the composite oxides, by dispersing the Co₃O₄ phase and promoting the efficiency of the Co³⁺–Co²⁺ redox couple. The presence in the sample Co₃O₄(30 wt.%)–CeO₂ of a high relative amount of Ce³⁺/(Ce⁴⁺ + Ce³⁺) as detected by XPS confirms the enhanced oxygen mobility.

The catalysts stability under reaction conditions was investigated by XRD and XPS analysis of the used samples, paying particular attention to the Co₃O₄ phase decomposition. Methane oxidation tests were performed over fresh (as prepared) and thermal aged samples (after ageing at 750 °C for 7 h, in furnace). The resistance to water vapour poisoning was evaluated for pure Co₃O₄ and Co₃O₄(30 wt.%)–CeO₂, performing the tests in the presence of 5 vol.% H₂O. A methane oxidation test upon hydrothermal ageing (flowing at 600 °C for 16 h a mixture 5 vol.% H₂O + 5 vol.%O₂ in He) of the Co₃O₄(30 wt.%)–CeO₂ sample was also performed. All the results confirm the superiority of this composite oxide.     

Preparation and electrochemical capacitance of cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanotubes as supercapacitor material

Cobalt oxide (Co₃O₄) nanotubes have been successfully synthesized by chemically depositing cobalt hydroxide in anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates and thermally annealing at 500 °C. The synthesized nanotubes have been characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The electrochemical capacitance behavior of the Co₃O₄ nanotubes electrode was investigated by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge studies and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in 6 mol L⁻¹ KOH solution. The electrochemical data demonstrate that the Co₃O₄ nanotubes display good capacitive behavior with a specific capacitance of 574 F g⁻¹ at a current density of 0.1 A g⁻¹ and a good specific capacitance retention of ca. 95% after 1000 continuous charge-discharge cycles, indicating that the Co₃O₄ nanotubes can be promising electroactive materials for supercapacitor.     

Synergistic effect in structural and supercapacitor performance of well dispersed CoFe2O4/Co3O4 nano-hetrostructures

Herein, we report a facile homogeneous urea – assisted hydrothermal approach for the design of CoFe₂O₄/Co₃O₄ nano hetrostructure. A variation in Co concentration leads to smartly designed composite material namely CFC-11 and CFC-12 where CFC-12 appreciates the benefits of both CoFe₂O₄ and Co₃O₄ nanoparticles. The physico – chemical properties of as developed materials were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission electron microscopy (FE-SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), X-ray photoelectron microscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy. The specific surface area and pore size distribution was determined by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Barrett-Joyner-Halendo (BJH) respectively. Magnetic measurements via. vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) demonstrate that saturation magnetization decreases with the incorporation of Co₃O₄ antiferromagnetic nanoparticles. To explore the utility of as designed nano-hetrostructures as supercapacitor electrodes, we employed cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedence spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. A high specific capacitance of 761.1?F?g^?1 at 10?mV?s^?1, admirable cyclic durability of 92.2% and a low resistance value obtained from impedence measurements was observed for CFC-12. The favorable performance demonstrates the synergistic effect of CoFe₂O₄ and Co₃O₄ nanoparticles and thus promise an excellent material for energy storage devices.