茶与葡萄皮总多酚的提取、纯化及抗氧化活性

本研究以乌龙茶与葡萄皮为研究对象,在单因素实验基础上,采用Box-Behnken实验设计以及响应面分析对乙醇浸提乌龙茶与葡萄皮总多酚的工艺进行优化,再以NKA9型大孔树脂纯化,测定纯化多酚的还原力以及羟自由基清除率,评价其抗氧化活性强弱。结果表明:总多酚提取最佳工艺条件为温度88℃,乙醇浓度48%,液料比22∶1（m L/g）,时间40min,总多酚的得率可达4.76%,理论预测为4.79%,相差0.62%,响应面优化的回归方程有一定实践指导意义。NKA9型大孔树脂纯化精制后多酚含量由25.54%提高至82.19%。以抗坏血酸作对照,测定精制多酚的还原能力和羟自由基消除能力,精制乌龙茶与葡萄皮总多酚的还原力和羟自由基消除能力均优于同浓度的抗坏血酸,总多酚对·OH的消除率达50%时的浓度IC50为17.60μg/m L,抗氧化活性较好。      

黑莓籽总多酚、总黄酮含量及其抗氧化活性

采用清除DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基及铁离子还原能力法评价黑莓籽体外抗氧化活性,Folin-Ciocalteau法测其总多酚含量,Na NO2-Al Cl3比色法测定其总黄酮含量,相关系数法分析其总多酚、总黄酮与抗氧化活性间的相关性。结果显示,乙酸乙酯部位和正丁醇部位具有强的DPPH自由基[IC50=（41.93±4.05）、（64.75±5.89）μg/m L]和ABTS自由基[IC50=（2.91±0.46）、（3.18±1.01）μg/m L]清除活性,较强的铁离子还原能力[Trolox当量=（2348.73±2.78）、（1262.55±31.58）μmol/g],石油醚部位具有ABTS自由基[IC50=（21.85±0.61）μg/m L]清除活性和较弱的铁离子还原能力[Trolox当量=（123.59±10.01）μmol/g]。3个部位总多酚、总黄酮含量与清除ABTS自由基能力之间存在一定的相关性（R2分别为0.6832、0.2596）;总多酚含量与还原铁离子能力（Trolox当量）之间存在一定的相关性（R2=0.990）。可见,黑莓籽具有良好的抗氧化活性。      

The phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of hops and their pellets

The goal of this study was to investigate how three commonly used systems (water, 50% methanol and 50% ethanol) affected the yields of phenolic substances and the antioxidant capacity of extracts prepared from hops (cv Magnum and Marynka) and their pellets (T90 and T45). The total phenolic (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC), as well as antioxidant activity (ABTS^+? scavenging, reducing power and metal chelating activity) of the hydroalcoholic extracts were found to be significantly higher than those of aqueous extracts. Extraction using 50% ethanol produced the highest yield of flavonoids. In turn, aqueous–methanol extracts were a better source of chlorogenic acid. No significant differences in terms of TPC and TFC were found between extracts prepared from hops and their pellets when water was used for extraction. Aqueous–ethanol extracts of T45 pellets, regardless of the hop variety, exhibited higher TFC compared with those of T90 pellets. For aqueous and aqueous–methanol extracts, such a tendency was not observed. Extraction with water revealed that cv Marynka hops and pellets had higher TPC than those of cv Magnum, which resulted in their better antioxidant potential. Hydroalcoholic extracts, regardless of the type of alcohol and hop product, did not differ significantly in terms of antioxidant activities. Copyright © 2013 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

油橄榄叶提取物抗氧化及抑菌活性研究

目的 研究油橄榄叶提取物的成分组成和生物活性。方法 采用溶剂浸提法, 以水、50%、70%、90%乙醇(V:V)为溶剂提取油橄榄叶有效成分, 通过傅里叶变换红外光谱法(fourier transform infrared spectrometry, FTIR)、气相色谱-质谱法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)等方法对所得提取物的结构特征与组成进行表征分析, 通过DPPH·清除能力、还原力以及滤纸片法分别研究了提取物的抗氧化活性和抑菌活性特征。结果 以90%乙醇为提取剂时, 提取物得率和提取物中总多酚含量最高, 提取物中酚类化合物以2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚和2,4-二叔丁基苯酚为主, 相对含量高达29.34%。提取物具有良好的抗氧化活性, 对灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea)、扩展青霉(Penicillium expansum)表现出明显的抑菌活性。结论 首次发现橄榄叶提取物成分中主要酚类物质是2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚和2,4-二叔丁基苯酚, 提取物具有较强的抗氧化和抑菌活性, 为橄榄叶提取物作为抗氧化剂和抑菌剂提供了理论依据。     

南疆12种植物抗氧化成分的测定及其清除自由基作用研究

测定南疆阿拉尔地产12种植物中多糖、黄酮和多酚类抗氧化成分及其抗氧化活性,明确三种主要成分与其抗氧化活性的相关性。采用紫外光度分析法测定抗氧化成分的含量,采用DPPH自由基清除法测定其抗氧化能力。结果表明,供试植物中多糖、黄酮和多酚类物质含量丰富,具有较强的清除DPPH自由基的能力,其中清除能力较强的植物为灰绿藜（IC50=77．29±4．80μg／mL）、紫花苜蓿（IC50=85．27±6．10μg／mL）和车轴草（IC50=94．16±4．62μg／mL）。就活性成分而言,多糖对DPPH自由基的清除能力极显著,多酚的清除能力显著,黄酮的清除能力不显著。供试样品醇提液对DPPH自由基的清除能力均呈现剂量依赖性。不同属植物的有效成分含量及清除DPPH自由基能力均有差异。     

Effects of processing on the phenolic contents,antioxidant activity and volatile profile of wheat bran tea

Wheat bran is a major milling by-product with significant nutritional importance. This study investigated the influence of processing on the antioxidant activity and volatile profile of wheat bran tea. The processing protocol involved two different pretreatments: soaking and cellulase treatment, followed by steaming and roasting. The results indicated that total phenolic content and antioxidant activity were reduced post both pretreatments, but increased after steaming, and dramatically increased after roasting. The cellulase-roasted samples had significantly higher antioxidant activity compared to soak-roasted samples. A total of forty key volatile compounds were identified in the wheat bran tea. The total volatile compounds were significantly increased by both soaking and cellulase treatments and steaming, but reduced by roasting. Compared to soaking pretreatment, cellulase pretreated samples had significantly higher total volatile compounds at each processing step. This study offers a practical method in processing of wheat bran into novel grain tea products.     

Factors affecting the levels of catechins and caffeine in tea beverage: estimated daily intakes and antioxidant activity

Increased public awareness of health benefits of green tea is generally based on the high polyphenol content of tea leaves and the resulting beverage. A number of factors, such as species, season, agronomic condition and age of the leaves, are known to affect the composition of commercial teas. In the present study the effects of factors associated with domestic preparation and analytical methods, such as brewing time, concentration, solvent and type of tea product, on levels of catechins and caffeine, antioxidant activity and estimated daily intakes were investigated. There were large variations in the levels of total catechins: 43 and 117 mg g^?1 dry matter (DM) (brewed for 30 s and 5 min respectively); 72 and 161 mg g^?1 DM (extracted in boiling water and 50% acetonitrile respectively); 72 and 117 mg g^?1 DM (a tea bag and tea leaves respectively). The effects on caffeine content were comparatively smaller. These variations consequently led to considerable variations in estimated daily intakes based on three cups (600 ml), ranging between 538 and 2014 mg g^?1 DM of total catechins and between 103 and 466 mg g^?1 DM of caffeine. The antioxidant activity was highest (26 680 µmol g^?1 DM) for tea leaves brewed for 5 min and lowest (10 110 µmol g^?1 DM) for a tea bag product brewed for 1 min. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

Assessment of some Australian red wines for price, phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and vintage in relation to functional food prospects

Twenty-three Cabernet Sauvignon wines from the Mudgee region and thirty-two Shiraz wines from the Hunter Valley region were analyzed for phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Concentrations of (+)-catechin, quercetin, and transresveratrol, total phenolic content, and DPPH antioxidant activity varied considerably, both within and between varieties. Individual phenols, total phenols, and antioxidant activity were correlated with price and vintage. Shiraz wines showed positive and significant correlations for catechin and quercetin concentrations with total phenols, antioxidant activity, and vintage; and for total phenols and antioxidant activity with vintage. Cabernet Sauvignon wines showed positive and significant correlations for quercetin concentration with total phenols and antioxidant activity. There was a negative and significant correlation found between price and antioxidant activity for Cabernet Sauvignon wines. Results are discussed in terms of the potential for wine to be considered a functional food. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: We report on potential health benefits (antioxidant activity) of 55 wines typical of 2 geographically close, but distinct, wine regions of Australia. Our results highlight the variability in functional components as an issue that needs further research and consideration in relation to wine as a functional food. The price of studied wines is not reflective of their health functionality, based on antioxidant activities.     

茶酒糟中茶多酚提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性的研究

该试验以茶酒糟为原料,乙醇为提取溶剂,采用水浴振荡法提取茶多酚,通过单因素试验探究乙醇体积分数、料液比、提取时间、温度对茶多酚提取量的影响,在此基础上,通过正交试验优化茶多酚的水浴振荡乙醇提取工艺,并考察茶多酚对羟自由基（·OH）、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基（DPPH·）的清除能力。结果表明,从茶酒糟中提取茶多酚的最佳提取工艺是：乙醇体积分数60%,料液比1∶30（g∶mL）,提取时间12 min,提取温度75 ℃。在此优化条件下,茶多酚的提取量为41.52 mg/g。从茶酒糟提取得到的茶多酚对·OH和DPPH·最大清除率分别达到91.7%、93.7%,表明茶多酚具有一定的清除自由基的能力,具有较强的抗氧化活性。     

四川黑茶活性成分、抗氧化能力及品质评价

目的：以26种市售四川黑茶（S1~S26）为材料,分析茶多酚单体、咖啡碱（CAF）、总多酚（TPC）和总黄酮（TFC）含量,并考察其体外抗氧化活性。方法：采用梯度洗脱分析茶多酚单体、咖啡碱含量,分别采用福林酚法和化学分析法分析总多酚和总黄酮含量,并以DPPH自由基和ABTS自由基清除能力评价抗氧化活性。结果：黑茶中没食子酸（GA）、没食子儿茶素（GC）、表没食子儿茶素（EGC）、儿茶素（C）、表儿茶素（EC）、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（EGCG）、没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（GCG）、表没食子儿茶素（ECG）、儿茶素没食子酸酯（CG）、咖啡碱（CAF）、总酚酸（TPC）、总黄酮（TFC）含量分别为0.26~19.64,0.72~4.73,0.00~20.28,0.00~0.95,0.00~6.06,0.32~9.44,0.62~63.12,0.29~17.08,0.21~1.81,9.53~44.43,20.96~279.05,7.92~17.49 mg/g。ABTS自由基清除力以水溶性维生素E当量计算为33.49~232.87 mg/g,DPPH自由基清除力以水溶性维生素E当量计算为45.26~237.59 mg/g。相关性分析表明DPPH自由基清除能力与10个单体化合物以及总多酚和总黄酮含量均存在显著（P＜0.05）或极显著（P＜0.01）的正相关;ABTS自由基清除能力与GC、GA、CAF含量存在极显著正相关（P＜0.01）,与TPC和TFC含量存在显著正相关（P＜0.05）。主成分分析表明EGCG、C、TPC 3个成分累计贡献率为87.566%。结论：S16、S23、S19 3种黑茶得分较高,品质较好。     

8种发酵茶茶多酚含量及抗氧化活性分析

发酵茶是茶叶中的一大类,品种繁多,各具特色,深受消费者的喜爱。该实验选取8种发酵茶,对茶浸提液的茶多酚含量和体外抗氧化活性进行了测定。结果表明,滇红茶样品2的茶多酚含量较高,为10%,青砖茶样品2较低,为3.4%;普洱茶样品1的1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（DPPH）自由基清除率较高,为80.5%,茯砖茶样品1较低,为64.2%;普洱茶样品2亚硝酸盐清除率较高,为71.0%,青砖茶样品1较低,为31.3%;滇红茶样品1亚硝胺合成阻断率较高,为95.0%,青砖茶样品2较低,为69.9%。表明8种发酵茶的抗氧化活性、亚硝酸盐清除能力及亚硝胺合成阻断能力与茶多酚含量有关但并不完全呈正相关。     

茶叶中污染微生物分析及茶多酚抑菌性研究

对茶饮料中茶叶原料的微生物种类进行了分析、鉴定,并对茶多酚对茶叶中污染微生物的抑菌性进行了研究。结果表明,茶叶中主要污染微生物是枯草芽孢杆菌、阴沟肠杆菌和黑曲霉。当茶饮料中茶多酚含量大于0.6g/L时对枯草芽孢杆菌有很好的抑制作用,而茶多酚含量小于1.2g/L时对阴沟肠杆菌、黑曲霉无抑制作用。实验表明正常的杀菌条件可将阴沟肠杆菌和黑曲霉杀死。因此为保障产品安全,建议茶饮料的茶多酚含量大于0.6g/L。     

Proximate composition, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity of seagrape (Caulerpa lentillifera)

The proximate composition of seagrape (Caulerpa lentillifera) from culture ponds in Penghu, Taiwan was analyzed. The phenolic content and the antioxidant activities including the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, ferric ion-reducing activity, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, and ferrous ion chelating (FIC) activity of the ethanolic extracts of dry seagrape samples using 2 drying methods of freeze drying and thermal drying were compared with the ethanolic extract of Oolong tea as a reference. The contents (dry weight basis) of carbohydrate, crude protein, crude lipid, crude fiber, and ash of seagrape obtained from culture ponds in Taiwan were 64.00%, 9.26%, 1.57%, 2.97%, and 22.20%, respectively. The total phenolic content (1.30 mg gallic acid equivalent [GAE]/g dry weight) of the ethanolic extract of thermally dried seagrape was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that (2.04 mg GAE/g dry weight) of freeze-dried seagrape, and both were significantly lower than that (13.58 mg GAE/g dry weight) of Oolong tea. At the same phenolic content, the antioxidant activities of freeze-dried seagrape were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of thermally dried seagrape. Compared with Oolong tea, seagrape, irrespective of drying method used, generally had strong hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity; but it was weak in DPPH radical scavenging activity, ferric ion-reducing activity, and FIC activity. The antioxidant activity of seagrape and Oolong tea was significantly influenced by their phenolic contents. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The proximate composition, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity of seagrape (Caulerpa lentillifera) in Taiwan were determined in this research to indicate nutritionally of this edible seaweed to human health, and compared these results to previous studies.     

豆腐柴叶总黄酮的提取、纯化及抗氧化活性研究

在单因素实验基础上,采用响应面法优化豆腐柴叶总黄酮提取工艺,并筛选适合于纯化总黄酮的大孔吸附树脂,最后进行初步鉴定和自由基清除活性分析。结果表明:乙醇浸提总黄酮最佳工艺条件为:乙醇浓度84%、料液比1∶37（g/m L）、温度81℃、时间3.4 h,该条件下总黄酮得率为7.29%。X-5型大孔吸附树脂适用于提取豆腐柴叶总黄酮。紫外-可见光谱分析和显色反应初步鉴定其可能为二氢黄酮。豆腐柴叶总黄酮DPPH自由基和羟基自由基的清除率随浓度的增加而增大,半数抑制浓度值分别为0.10 mg/m L和0.13 mg/m L。当浓度为0.2 mg/m L和0.4 mg/m L时,DPPH自由基和羟基自由基清除率分别为83.75%和80.08%,均接近于叔丁基羟基茴香醚。因此,豆腐柴总黄酮具有较好的抗氧活性,可作为抗氧化剂或者健康食品原料开发。