共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
A. E. CLARK JR. C. G. PANTANO JR. L. L. HENCH 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1976,59(1-2):37-39
Auger spectroscopy and ion beam milling were used to determine surface compositional profiles on a series of bioglass implant materials after exposure to simulated body conditions. Four glasses were examined, a soda-lime-silica glass and 3 compositions produced by adding 3, 6, and 12 wt% P2 O5 to the ternary glass. An SiO2 -rich layer is formed on the surface of all glasses investigated. As P2 O5 is added to the bulk composition, a second film rich in Ca and P forms at the SiO2 -rich film-water interface. The rate of formation of the Ca-P film increases as the P2 O5 content of the bulk glass increases. When glasses are corroded under identical conditions, the thickness of the Ca-P layer increases as the P2 O5 content of the bulk composition is increased. 相似文献
2.
The crystallization behavior of a glass with a composition of 40 wt% 3CaO · P2 O5 −60 wt% CaO · MgO · 2SiO2 was investigated. The primary crystalline phase was apatite with a dendritic form and ellipsoidal shape. β-(3CaO · P2 O5 ) and CaO · MgO · 2SiO2 were crystallized as samples heated to 990°C, and a three-layer structure was obtained. The development and morphology of this construction were explained by both the surface crystallization of the apatite and CaO · MgO · 2SiO2 and the bulk crystallization of apatite and the CaO · MgO · 2SiO2 -β-(3CaO · P2 O5 ) composite. 相似文献
3.
Hideo Hosono Zhibo Zhang Yoshihiro Abe 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1989,72(9):1587-1590
A porous glass-ceramic in the CaO–TiO2 —P2 O5 system has been prepared by crystallization and subsequent chemical leaching of the corresponding glass. By applying a two-step heat treatment to 45CaO · 25TiO2 · 30P2 O5 glasses containing a few mol% of Na2 O, volume crystallization results in the formation of dense glass-ceramics composed of CaTi4 (PO4 )6 and β-Ca3 (PO4 )2 phases. By leaching the resultant glass ceramics with HCI, β-Ca3 (PO4 )2 is selectively dissolved out, leaving a crystalline CaTi4 (PO4 )6 skeleton. The surface area and mean pore radius of the porous glass-ceramics were approximately 40 m2 /g and 13 nm, respectively. 相似文献
4.
TiO2 above 4 mol% is an effective nucleating agent for CaO–P2 O5 glass which also contains substantial SiO2 and Al2 O3 additions. Glass ceramics can be made from this glass using a single slow heating ramp with no need for a nucleating heat treatment step. Powder of this composition crystallizes rapidly to β-Ca2 P2 O7 , whereas bulk glass crystallizes from diphasic nuclei consisting of a central cubic Ca-P-Ti-Si-Al oxide phase surrounded by impure AlPO4 dendrites. Metastable calcium phosphate grows on the AlPO4 dendrites and later transforms to β-Ca2 P2 O7 . 相似文献
5.
The effects of composition changes on the crystallization behavior of apatite-containing glass-ceramics in the system MgO-CaO–SiO2 –P2 O5 were studied. The eutectic composition of 40 wt% 3CaO-P2 O5 –60 wt% CaO MgO 2SiO2 was selected as the base glass. Several parameters were quantitatively or qualitatively derived from thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, and microstructural observations. These parameters can be divided into two groups according to their variation with glass composition. The parameters in the first group depend mainly on the apatite nucleation rate, which increases with an increase in CaO or PiO5 , and with a decrease in MgO or SiO2 . The parameters in the second group are closely related to the extent of deviation of the glass composition from the eutectic. The classical theory for nucleation employed to explain the observed phenomena is discussed. 相似文献
6.
Mullite transformation kinetics of sol-gel-derived diphasic mullite gels doped with P2 O5 , TiO2 , and B2 O3 were studied using quantitative X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The mullite transformation temperature initially increased with P2 O5 doping because of phase separation and formation of α-alumina and cristobalite. In TiO2 -doped samples, the mullite transformation temperature decreased with TiO2 doping, and the transformation rate increased with decreasing TiO2 particle size. Kinetic studies showed that titania reduced the activation energy for both nucleation and growth relative to pure diphasic mullite gels by lowering the glass viscosity and/or enhancing the solid-state mass transport through lattice defects. B2 O3 doping decreased the mullite transformation temperature and lowered the activation energy for both nucleation and growth but especially affected the mullite nucleation process, as indicated by the much smaller grain size. 相似文献
7.
Masayuki Nogami Yoichi Goto Toshihiro Kasuga 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2003,86(9):1504-1507
The effect of zirconium ions on glass structure and proton conductivity was investigated for sol-gel-derived P2 O5 –SiO2 glasses. Porous glasses were prepared through hydrolysis of PO(OCH3 )3 , Zr(OC4 H9 )4 , and Si(OC2 H5 )4 . Chemical bonding of the P5+ ions was characterized using 31 P-NMR spectra. The phosphorous ions, occurring as PO(OH)3 in the ZrO2 -free glass, were polymerized with one or two bridging oxygen ions per PO4 unit with increased ZrO2 content. The chemical stability of these glasses was increased significantly on the addition of ZrO2 , but the conductivity gradually decreased from 26 to 12 mS/cm at room temperature for 10P2 O5 ·7ZrO2 ·83SiO2 glass. A fuel cell was constructed using 10P2 O5 ·5ZrO2 ·85SiO2 glass as the electrolyte; a power of ∼4.5 mW/cm2 was attained. 相似文献
8.
Sophie Jordery William E. Lee Peter F. James 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1999,82(8):2239-2245
Crystallization of a series of ZnO-P2 O5 based glasses was investigated. ZnO-P2 O5 -CaO glasses could be converted most readily to glass-ceramics and crystallization of these led to formation of alpha-Zn2 P2 O7 , alpha-CaZn2 (PO4 )2 , and ß-CaZn2 (PO4 )2 phases. A further phase has been tentatively identified as monoclinic (Zn,Ca)2 P2 O7 . The most promising glass-ceramic composition Z15 (59.4ZnO·33P2 O5 ·6.6CaO·1SiO2 ) crystallized to alpha-Zn2 P2 O7 and ß-CaZn2 (PO4 )2 , the latter phase being stabilized by the presence of SiO2 which also encouraged volume nucleation giving a fine-scale (submicrometer) microstructure. 相似文献
9.
Aran Rafferty Anton Clifford Robert Hill David Wood Bisserka Samuneva Margarita Dimitrova-Lukacs 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2000,83(11):2833-2838
The nucleation and crystallization of a series of glasses based on 4.5SiO2 ·3Al2 O3 ·1.5P2 O5 ·(5 − z )CaO · z CaF2 with a Ca:P ratio corresponding to apatite were studied. In these glasses, the objective was to investigate the influence of fluorine content and z was varied from 3 to 0. All the glasses studied crystallized to fluorapatite (FAP) and mullite with the exception of the glass containing no fluorine, which crystallized to β-tricalcium phosphate (Ca3 (PO4 )2 ) and anorthite (CaAl2 Si2 O8 ). Glasses that contained sufficient fluorine to form FAP bulk nucleated to give FAP without a nucleation hold. Thermal gravimetric analysis demonstrated a significant weight loss corresponding to the crystallization of mullite, which increased with the fluorine content of the glass and also with decreased particle size. The loss was attributed to volatile SiF4 . The glass transition temperature decreased with increased fluorine content of the glass. 相似文献
10.
The system TiO2 -P2 O5 was investigated in the compositional range TiO2 .P2 O5 to 100% TiO2 . Two compounds exist, TiO2 .P2 O5 and 5TiO2 .-2P2 O5 . TiO2 .P2 O5 begins to lose P2 O5 at 1400°C. and both fusion and vaporization proceed rapidly at 1500°C. 5TiO2 .2P2 O6 melts congruently at 1260°± 3°C. to a glass which can be retained in substantial quantities at room temperature. Physical properties of certain compositions are described. 相似文献
11.
Luisa Barbieri Cristina Leonelli Tiziano Manfredini Cristina Siligardi Anna Bonamartini Corradi Piercarlo Mustarelli Corrado Tomasi 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1997,80(12):3077-3083
An aluminosilicate glass of composition 61SiO2 6Al2 O3 10MgO6ZnO·12Li2 O·5TiO2 (mol%) has been prepared by a melting process and investigated as far as crystallization is concerned. Glass-ceramic is easily obtained because glass shows a high tendency to crystallize starting from 700°C. The crystalline phases evolve with temperature, showing the aluminosilicates to be the main phase up to 1050°C, followed by metasilicates and silicates, some of which have lower melting points. The titanates of Mg and Zn develop from the phase-separated glass, soon after T g , and grow to form nucleation centers for the other crystalline phases. The evolution from phase-separated glass to glass-ceramic has been followed by many thermal, diffractometric, spectroscopic, and microscopic techniques. 相似文献
12.
Toshihiro Kasuga Yoshimasa Hosoi Masayuki Nogami Mitsuo Niinomi 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2001,84(2):450-52
Calcium phosphate invert glasses, which contain P2 O7 2− and PO4 3− ions, have been prepared via the addition of a small amount of TiO2 . The formation of bonelike calcium phosphate apatite on the surface of the phosphate invert glasses was examined in simulated body fluid (SBF) at a temperature of 37°C. Soaking for 20 d resulted in the deposition of leaflike apatite particles on 6CaO·3P2 O5 ·TiO2 invert glass (based on molar ratio). The glass had much-greater chemical durability against SBF, in comparison with a metaphosphate glass; P ions were not dissolved excessively from the 6CaO·3P2 O5 ·TiO2 glass, so the apatite formation was not suppressed. 相似文献
13.
Akira Watanabe Makoto Mitsudou Seiji Kihara Yoshihiro Abe 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1989,72(8):1499-1500
Voids frequently form on crystallization of calcium phosphate glasses because of the density difference between the original glass and the resulting glass-ceramic. However, the calcium phosphate glass-ceramic with a composition of 40CaO · 50P2 O5 · 10Al2 O3 (mol%) has a density nearly equal to that of the original glass; this is caused by the formation of AlPO4 , which has a lower density than Ca(PO3 )2 . The glass-ceramic, being void-free, shows improved mechanical properties. 相似文献
14.
Arnaud Quintas Odile Majérus Daniel Caurant Jean-Luc Dussossoy Philippe Vermaut 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2007,90(3):712-719
The effect of varying R =[CaO]/([CaO]+[Na2 O]) ratio on the crystallization of a rare earth-rich aluminoborosilicate glass (16 wt% RE2 O3 , RE=Nd or La) is investigated. The crystallization of a silicate apatite with Ca2+ x RE8− x (SiO4 )6 O2−0.5 x composition ( x ≈0.4–0.7), is responsible for a drop of the rare earth solubility in the melt. When successive nucleation and growth stages are performed, crystallization processes change across the glass series as a consequence of glass-in-glass phase separation. An exotic phase of composition close to Ca10 Nd7 Si20.75 O62 grows at the expense of silicate apatite. 相似文献
15.
Phase relations in the binary system between SiO2 -P2 O5 and SiO2 were investigated by the quenching method using sealed platinum tubes to prevent the loss of P2 O5 . The compound Si02 -P2 O5 exists in two forms, the low-temperature β form inverting sluggishly but reversibly to the high-temperature β form at 1030°C. The β form melts congruently at 1290°C. The compound 2SiO2 -P2 O5 melts incongruently at 1120°C to a silica-rich liquid and SiOa -P2 O5 . In the region between 5 and 25 mole % PO2 , reactions were so sluggish that no data could be obtained by quenching. 相似文献
16.
Hyun-Min Kim Fumiaki Miyaji Tadashi Kokubo Chikara Ohtsuki Takashi Nakamura 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1995,78(9):2405-2411
Bioactivities of Na2 O-CaO-SiO2 glasses were evaluated by examining the formation of bonelike apatite, which is responsible for their bonding to living bone, on their surfaces in a simulated body fluid, using thin-film X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared reflection spectroscopy. It was found that glasses in a wide compositional region in the P2 O5 -free Na2 O-CaO-SiO2 system can show bioactivity, as those in the P2 O5 -containing system. The rate of apatite formation on the surfaces of glasses varied largely with the composition of the glasses. Under a constant SiO2 content of 50 mol%, a glass containing equimole of Na2 O and CaO showed the highest rate of the apatite formation. Variation in the rate of apatite formation with the glass composition corresponded well with the rate of increase in the degree of the supersaturation of the simulated body fluid with respect to the apatite due to dissolution of sodium and calcium ions from the glasses. Little difference was observed in the rates of ion dissolution and of apatite formation between P2 O5 -containing Bioglass 45S5-type and a corresponding P2 O5 -free Na2 O-CaO-SiO2 glass. It is believed that P2 Os -free Na2 O-CaO-SiO2 glasses also show bioactivity as high as that of Bioglass. 相似文献
17.
The crystallization mechanism of α-cordierite from a B2 O3 - and TiO2 -containing glass submitted to fast heating in the cordierite primary phase field of the CaO–MgO–Al2 O3 –SiO2 quaternary system was investigated. Addition of B2 O3 to a SiO2 -rich glass suppressed the formation of μ-cordierite. This suppression facilitated densification by viscous flow before crystallization. Powder X-ray diffractometry, field-emission electron scanning microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis revealed that α-cordierite nucleated directly from glass on the boundaries of original particles and was probably favored by TiO2 , which acted as a nucleant. The growth kinetics of α-cordierite crystals was fast, and the crystals seemed to grow by consuming glass directly from the growing interphase. The estimated amount of α-cordierite in the glass heated at 1160°C was 69.5 wt%, as determined using the Alegre method. The final microstructure consisted of an arrangement of well-shaped hexagonal prisms, with sizes <3 μm, immersed in a residual glassy phase. The feasibility to develop new glass-ceramic glazes using the present and previous works is considered. 相似文献
18.
Thermodynamic data on activities, activity coefficients, and free energies of mixing in SiO2 -Al2 O3 solutions were calculated from the phase diagram. Positive deviations from ideal mixing in the thermodynamic data suggest a tendency for liquid immiscibility in both SiO2 - and Al2 O3 -rich compositions. The calculated data were used to estimate regions of liquid-liquid immiscibility. A calculated metastable liquid miscibility gap with a consolute temperature of ∼1540° C at a critical composition of ∼36 mol% Al2 O3 was considered to be thermodynamically most probable; the gap extended from ∼11 to °49 mol% Al2 O3 at 1100° C. SiO2 -rich glass compositions showed evidence of glass-in-glass phase separation when examined by direct transmission electron microscopy. 相似文献
19.
HIROSHI HIRASHIMA KOTA NISHII TETSURO YOSHIDA 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1983,66(10):704-708
The dc conductivities (σ) of V2 O5 -P2 O5 glasses containing up to 30 mol% TiO2 were measured at T=100° to ∼10°C below the glass-transition temperature. Dielectric constants from 30 to 106 Hz, densities, and the fraction of reduced V ion were measured at room temperature. The conduction mechanism was considered to be small polaron hopping between V ions, as previously reported for V2 O5 -P2 O5 glass. The temperature dependence of σ was exponential with σ = σ0 exp(-W/kT ) in the high-temperature range. When part of the P2 O5 was replaced by TiO2, σ increased and W decreased. The hopping energy depended on the reciprocal dielectric constant which, in this case, increased with increasing TiO2 content. 相似文献
20.
Takahiro Takada Sea Fue Wang Shoko Yoshikawa Sei-Joo Jang Robert E. Newnham 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1994,77(9):2485-2488
The effects of glass additions on the properties of (Zr,Sn)TiO4 as a microwave dielectric material were investigated. The (Zr,Sn)TiO4 ceramics with no glass addition sintered at 1360°C gave Q = 4900 and K = 37 at 7.9 GHz . Several glasses, including SiO2 , B2 O3 , 5ZnO–2B2 O3 , and nine commercial glasses, were tested during this study. Among these glasses, (Zr,Sn)TiO4 sintered with ZnO-B2 O3 –SiO2 (Corning 7574) showed more than 20% higher density than that of pure (Zr,Sn)TiO4 sintered at the same temperature. A 5-wt% addition of SiO2 , to (Zr,Sn)TiO4 , when sintered at 1200°C, gave the best Q : Q = 2700 at 9 GHz. Results of XRD analysis and scanning electron microscopy and the effect of glass content are also presented. 相似文献