银行系统中异构数据集成应用研究

针对现在银行网点分散、业务系统繁多、构建平台复杂以及所用数据库又不相同的情况,提出一种基于XML技术的异构数据库集成方案。介绍异构数据库集成技术在银行系统中的应用,为解决银行系统中总行和各分行之间信息集成问题提供建议及参考。     

物流信息系统中异构数据源的集成研究

本文通过分析当前物流信息系统缺乏有效信息协作的问题，明确异构数据源的集成是解决问题的关键。针对物流系统中异构数据源的特点并结合XML．NET技术，对如何实现异构数据源的集成进行了研究，提出了一个集成异构数据源的物流信息平台解决方案并加以实现。     

政务网络信息系统的异构分布式数据库研究

在当前政务网络信息系统中，多个部门系统数据库之间存在明显的异构性、独立性和自主性，使不同部门之间的信息交流成为难题。采用局部数据集成技术在网络信息中心构建互连通讯平台，开发部门子系统进行数据查询、接收、核对、确认等方法，能够实现政务网络信息系统异构分布式数据库之间的信息共享。     

基于Web Service的企业信息集成平台设计

对分布、异构、自治和数据变化的管理信息系统进行集成是当务之急,提出基于Web Service的企业信息集成平台解决方案.阐述了信息集成平台的系统架构,通过信息集成平台实现了异构系统间的信息传递和共享.最后结合实际案例,对以上技术的可行性进行了验证.     

基于本体的信息集成的研究与应用

本体是在分布式环境下构建复杂系统的一种新兴技术,阐述了本体的概念以及它在Web信息集成中的应用.把Web技术应用到企业的分布式环境中,完成异构系统信息的交换, 实现了一个基于本体的信息集成的数据库平台.并给出了信息集成系统的总体设计框架,实现了多数据库中结构和内容的集成.     

Domino异构信息集成接口库的设计和实现

论文以一个企业的信息集成项目为背景，在Domino平台上进行二次开发时。对平台上附带的数据集成工具DECS（企业连接器）进行了研究，分析了它存在的不足，开发了新的异构信息集成接口库，用以改进Domino自身的数据集成能力。此异构信息集成接口库的设计和实现，为在Domino平台上进行异构信息集成系统开发的企业和单位提供了一种新的思路和方法。     

用VC中ADO技术构建通用异种数据源综合查询平台

企业中大量存在着信息异构，自治的问题，为了实现信息集成，必必要建立统一的机制对企业内不同信息源的模式进行查询和重整。本文研究了VC中访问数据库的方法，然后着重讨论ADO技术访问数据库的关键技术，最后介绍用ADO方法构造异种数据源综合查询平台。     

基于JMS消息的远程异构数据库存储

JMS具有Java语言特有的平台无关性,满足了异构平台的交互行为;XML正逐步成为数据表示和信息交换的工业标准,并广泛应用于异构数据库之间的数据交换.JMS和XML的集成应用给现代企业的分布式应用提供了一个信息交互平台.本文讨论了这样一种应用模式,并辅以一个具体的实例详述了其应用.     

企业管理系统异构数据库集成关键技术研究

本文针对早期企业管理系统形成“信息孤岛”。结合实际企业管理系统要求,分析、运用．NET、XML和数据仓库等技术在共享数据、交换方面功能。提出了利用．NET技术构建WEB SERVER集成平台、基于XML技术,是实现异构数据库集成的的关键技术方法。     

基于XML的异构数据库集成技术的研究

为实现异构数据库间信息的共享和集成,对数据集成的原理以及主要技术进行了研究。重点分析了XML与关系数据库之间的映射,提出了一种以XML作为中间件的异构数据库集成方案,并对其中的主要环节给出了具体实现。该方案实现了异构数据库的透明访问和联合查询,为企业信息系统集成提供了一种技术方法。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

Enhancing a leaf radiative transfer model to estimate concentrations and in vivo specific absorption coefficients of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b from single-needle reflectance and transmittance

The relative concentrations of different pigments within a leaf have significant physiological and spectral consequences. Photosynthesis, light use efficiency, mass and energy exchange, and stress response are dependent on relationships among an ensemble of pigments. This ensemble also determines the visible characteristics of a leaf, which can be measured remotely and used to quantify leaf biochemistry and structure. But current remote sensing approaches are limited in their ability to resolve individual pigments. This paper focuses on the incorporation of three pigments—chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total carotenoids—into the LIBERTY leaf radiative transfer model to better understand relationships between leaf biochemical, biophysical, and spectral properties.Pinus ponderosa and Pinus jeffreyi needles were collected from three sites in the California Sierra Nevada. Hemispheric single-leaf visible reflectance and transmittance and concentrations of chlorophylls a and b and total carotenoids of fresh needles were measured. These data were input to the enhanced LIBERTY model to estimate optical and biochemical properties of pine needles. The enhanced model successfully estimated reflectance (RMSE = 0.0255, BIAS = 0.00477, RMS%E = 16.7%), had variable success estimating transmittance (RMSE = 0.0442, BIAS = 0.0294, RMS%E = 181%), and generated very good estimates of carotenoid concentrations (RMSE = 2.48 µg/cm², BIAS = 0.143 µg/cm², RMS%E = 20.4%), good estimates of chlorophyll a concentrations (RMSE = 10.7 µg/cm², BIAS = − 0.992 µg/cm², RMS%E = 21.1%), and fair estimates of chlorophyll b concentrations (RMSE = 7.49 µg/cm², BIAS = − 2.12 µg/cm², RMS%E = 43.7%). Overall root mean squared errors of reflectance, transmittance, and pigment concentration estimates were lower for the three-pigment model than for the single-pigment model. The algorithm to estimate three in vivo specific absorption coefficients is robust, although estimated values are distorted by inconsistencies in model biophysics. The capacity to invert the model from single-leaf reflectance and transmittance was added to the model so it could be coupled with vegetation canopy models to estimate canopy biochemistry from remotely sensed data.     

Mr. Twinn’s bombes

This article discusses the history and design of the special versions of the bombe key-finding machines used by Britain’s Government Code & Cypher School (GC&CS) during World War II to attack the Enigma traffic of the Abwehr (the German military intelligence service). These special bombes were based on the design of their more numerous counterparts used against the traffic of the German armed services, but differed from them in important ways that highlight the adaptability of the British bombe design, and the power and flexibility of the diagonal board. Also discussed are the changes in the Abwehr indicating system that drove the development of these machines, the ingenious ways in which they were used, and some related developments involving the bombes used by the U.S. Navy’s cryptanalytic unit (OP-20-G).