Al—Ti—C中间合金细化铝及Al—Zn—Mg—Cu1.5合金晶粒研究

三元中间合金Al-Ti-C是新研制的一种铝晶粒细化剂。在对高纯铝(99.99％)、工业纯铝(99.7％)及Al Zn-Mg Cu_(1.5)合金细化晶粒的研究中,证明其细化晶粒性能优于通常使用的Al-Ti二元及Al Ti B三元中间合金。用扫描电镜和电子探针等方法研究证实,当钛的加入量少于0.15％时,高纯铝的晶粒细化不是由包晶反应而是由TiC粒子引起的,从而证明了TiC理论。此外,在工业纯铝中残存某些杂质元素,对铝的晶粒细化也起重要作用。本文论述了使用Al-Ti-C中间合金细化铝晶粒的过程及从几方面证实了TiC生核理论。     

Al-Ti—C晶粒细化剂的实验研究

采用常规熔铸工艺制得了含碳0．09％-0．71％的Al—Ti—C晶粒细化剂，并对熔体化学反应进行了热力学剖析。对Al—Ti—C中间合金的微观组织及TiC的尺寸与分布进行了X射线衍射、扫描电镜和光镜金相分析，研究了该细化99．7％的纯铝的细化效果：当以块状加入AlTi5CO．2．加入后2min晶粒明显细化且保温2h细化效果无任何衰减，而以粉末彤式加入时则细化效果很不11月显。     

热等静压技术制备TiAl合金

用Ti,Al元素混合粉(Ti-34％Al,Ti中含有1.5％TiC,质量分数),采用热等静压技术制备了TiAl合金,研究了热等静压压力对合金的密度,合金的微观结构以及物相等的影响,研究结果表明:随着热等静压压力的升高,合金的密度迅速增大,同时,合金中的Ti_3Al相消失,TiC与其它物质反应并在晶界处形成Ti_2Al相,随着压力的升高,合金收缩率的增大,细小的球状Ti_2AlC相会聚集在一起而变成针状Ti_2AlC,利用HIP技术可以很容易地制备出含C的TiAl复合材料。     

浅谈Al-Ti-C与Al-Ti-B细化剂对7050合金铸锭的影响

7050铝合金大量应用于航空航天结构件,在生产过程中熔铸工序的铸锭组织对最终产品质量有决定性影响。为了解不同晶粒细化剂对7050合金铸锭组织的影响规律,采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜等检测手段,分析了Al-Ti-C与Al-Ti-B两种细化剂对7050合金铸锭低倍晶粒度、显微疏松以及显微组织的影响。结果表明：Al-Ti-B在线细化能力优于Al-Ti-C;Al-Ti-C在线细化铸锭的显微疏松尺寸稍低于Al-Ti-B在线细化的铸锭;Al-Ti-B在线细化铸锭的富铁相呈针状形貌,而Al-Ti-C在线细化铸锭的富铁相形貌主要呈块状形貌。     

钛氟酸钾-木屑法制备Al-Ti-C母合金机制与显微组织研究

采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)等研究了氟盐-木屑法制备的Al-Ti-C母合金的组织性能。结果表明:由氟盐-木屑与铝液反应制备的Al-Ti-C母合金的合成过程包含以下几个阶段。(1)铝与钛氟酸钾反应置换出的钛与铝反应生成钛铝化合物;(2)木屑在高温条件下发生脱水、碳化反应,裂解产物二氧化碳、碳与铝反应生成碳铝金属化合物,与钛反应生成钛碳化合物;(3)钛铝、碳铝、钛碳化合物组成具有细化作用的Al-Ti-C母合金。合金的物相为α(Al)、铝钛化合物与碳铝化合物组成的共晶组织,其中α(Al)相的平均晶粒尺寸为10～60μm。铝钛化合物为棒状、骨骼状共晶组织并沿晶界分布,晶内可见针片状Al_3Ti,颗粒状TiC相聚合成团块状分布。木屑裂解产物水、二氧化碳与铝反应生成氧化铝和氢以渣-气共生的形式聚集于晶界。     

微量Mg、Si对A1TiC中间合金细化效果的促进作用

研究了微量的合金元素Mg和Si对A1TiC中间合金细化效果的影响。实验结果表明：微量的Mg和Si均能促进A1TiC中间合金对工业纯铝和6063合金等铝合金的晶粒细化作用；在细化温度相同的条件下，与Si相比，Mg 对A1TiC中间合金细化效果具有更大的促进作用；微量的Mg可以抑制A1TiC中间合金晶粒细化的“温度效应”；铝熔体中同时存在微量的Mg和Si时A1TiC中间合金的细化效果更好。初步探讨了这两种微量元素促进A1TiC中间合金细化效果的机理。     

镁对过共晶铝铁合金组织形貌的影响

针对普通熔铸条件下过共晶Al-Fe合金初生富铁相严重割裂基体、恶化合金性能的问题,采用元素Mg对过共晶Al-5%Fe合金进行变质细化处理,Mg以Al-10%Mg中间合金形式加入。借助光学显微镜等分析了Al-10%Mg中间合金晶粒细化剂加入量和熔体保温时间对过共晶Al-5%Fe合金微观组织形貌及性能的影响。试验表明:在过共晶Al-5%Fe合金中加入Al-10%Mg中间合金细化剂,当加入量为1.2%、保温时间90min时,细化效果较好,Al-5%Fe合金中初生A13Fe相由未添加细化剂时的粗大板条状变为花朵状和颗粒状,并且尺寸明显减小,从而显著提高材料的强度和塑性。     

氢化钛-石油焦制备Al-Ti-C-Ce母合金显微组织及其凝固机制研究

采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)等现代检测分析方法,研究了由TiH_2-石油焦-铝铈合金与铝液制备的不同Ce含量的Al-Ti-C-Ce母合金的显微组织,结果表明:Al-Ti-C-Ce母合金由α(Al),(TiC),(TiAl_3),(Ti_2Al_(20)Ce)相组成; Al-Ti-C-Ce母合金铸样晶界为连续的共晶组织,晶内分布着大量的粗大第二相组织,晶界共晶和晶内第二相中均含有Ti_2Al_(20)Ce相。部分大颗粒第二相组织为复合结构,复合晶粒内部存在颜色较深的α(Al)+Ti_2Al_(20)Ce+(TiC)的包晶组织。线分析结果表明:第二相粒子中,元素C的分布相对均匀,粒子内部C, Al含量相对较低, Ti, Ce含量相对较高, Ce的分布显著高于粒子外部区域;具有复合结构的第二相中所包含的粒子区域, Ti, C含量极高,而Al, Ce含量较低。合金在凝固过程中, TiC粒子作为晶核优先析出, TiAl_3相通过TiC粒子形核,并与游离的Ti, Ce发生包晶反应生成Ti_2Al_(20)Ce相,多余Ce原子会与晶界处的TiC, TiAl_3的复合粒子反应生成TiC, Ti_2Al_(20)Ce复合粒子。含Ti, C, Ce的复合粒子作为领先相优先析出,细化Al-Ti-C-Ce母合金晶粒。     

热压反应合成Al_2O_3-Ho_2O_3/TiAl复合材料

利用Al-Ti-TiO2-Ho2O3体系原位反应合成了Ho掺杂Al2O3/TiAl复合材料。采用DTA结合XRD分析对体系反应过程进行了探讨。借助XRD、EDS和SEM等手段,对放热体系的物相组成及晶粒微观形貌进行了分析表征。结果表明:Al-Ti-TiO2-Ho2O3系原位合成的Al2O3/TiAl复合材料由TiAl、Ti3Al、Al2O3以及HoAl3相组成;Ho2O3的引入对基体相生成比例(TiAl:Ti3Al)有一定的调控作用,并使得基体晶粒和Al2O3晶粒均有所细化且逐渐分布均匀。力学性能测试表明:当Ho2O3的引入量为6%时,材料的抗弯强度达到最大值,约为593.5MPa;断裂韧度达到最大值,为8.74MPa.m1/2,具有可接受的力学性能。     

淬火/回火热处理对TiAl基合金晶粒细化的影响

研究了淬火/回火热处理中淬火温度和回火时间对Ti48Al2Cr0.5Mo合金晶粒细化的影响。研究结果表明:一定的淬火/回火热处理能将粒径约为1 000 μm的铸态组织细化成为18～30 μm的均匀双态组织。TiAl基合金的细化效果与淬火阶段的加热温度密切相关,温度升高,得到的块状组织较细,羽毛状组织体积分数减少。在两相区回火时,高温淬火组织的回火组织较细,而随时间的延长晶粒长大,但不明显。此外,从理论上探讨了淬火/回火工艺细化TiAl基合金显微组织的机理。     

Evaluation of Al-Ti-C Master Alloys as Grain Refiner for Aluminum and Its Alloys

Al-Ti-C master alloys have a great potential as efficient grain refiners for aluminum and its alloys. In the present work, the Al-Ti-C master alloys are synthesized via a relatively novel technique through the reaction of a compacted mixture of K₂TiF₆ and graphite with molten aluminum. The obtained alloys are examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. The results indicate that the produced Al-Ti-C master alloys contain TiC and TiAl₃ particles within the aluminum matrix. Also, these alloys were evaluated using the KBI test mold. The results indicate that the produced Al-Ti-C master alloy is an efficient grain refiner for pure aluminum and its alloys compared with the Al-Ti-B one. The factors affecting the grain refinement of aluminum and its alloys are studied. The proper conditions for evaluating the efficiency of the produced Al-Ti-C master alloy to obtain a minimum grain size are as follows: temperature, 993 K (720 °C); holding time, 2 minutes; and (Ti/Al) weight ratio, 0.01 pct.     

Al-Ti-C对Al-Mg-Si系合金组织性能影响的分析

以实验为基础研究了Al-Ti-C中间合金对Al-Mg-Si系合金的组织及性能的影响，并从理论上分析了Al-Ti-C的作用机理，结果表明，Al-Ti-C对合金组织具有强烈的细化作用，同时对其性能也有一定影响。     

Effect of La on Microstructure and Grain-Refining Performance of Al-Ti- C Grain Refiner

Al-Ti-C grain refiner was prepared by SHS （self-propagating high-temperature synthesis ）-melting technique. The effect of La on the microstructures of grain refiner was studied by OM, TEM, SEM, XRD, and EDS. The experimental results indicate that La can improve the wettability between liquid aluminum and graphite ; the addition of La results in dispersive distribution of TiAl3 and TiC particles in the matrix. An excellent grain refining performance of Al-Ti-C grain refiner on commercially pure Al was obtained.     

Al-Ti-C对铝合金组织性能影响的分析

以较为常用的6063铝合金为研究对象，文章分析了Al—Ti—C中间合金对其组织及性能的影响，并从理论上分析了Al—Ti—C的作用机理。结果表明，Al—Ti—C对合金组织具有强烈的细化作用，同时对其性能也有一定影响。最后对实验结果进行了分析与总结。     

Effect of Y Addition on Microstructure and Constituent Phases of Al-Ti-C Master Alloy

Al-Ti-C master alloy was prepared by SHS (Self-propagating High temperature Synthesis)-melting technique. Effect of yttrium addition level on the microstructures of the master alloy was studied by XRD, SEM and EDS. The experimental results show that the addition of 1.0%Y is beneficial to the formation of TiC particles; Al-Ti-C-1.0Y consists of rod-like and blocky TiAl3, TiC, Al3Y and α-Al matrix. Y is found around TiC particles in Al-Ti-C-0.5Y master alloy while blocky (AlTiY) phase appears in Al-Ti-C-1.0Y master alloy. Al3Y with dendritic morphology and small blocky Al2Y except for TiC are found in Al-Ti-C-2-0Y master alloy.     

元素粉末法制备SiC_p/2024Al复合材料扩散均匀化研究

利用元素粉末真空热压工艺制备SiCp/2024Al复合材料,采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对真空热压中各元素粉末的扩散均匀化过程及扩散均匀化温度和保温时间对颗粒增强Al基复合材料显微组织的影响进行了研究。结果表明,该复合材料热压态组织中有Cu的富集相存在;随着扩散均匀化处理过程中温度的升高和时间的延长,Al2CuMg相完全溶入Al基体中,Cu的扩散逐渐充分,各元素分布趋于均匀。该复合材料最佳扩散均匀化处理工艺参数为500℃保温3h。     

热处理对Al/Fe双金属复合材料结合层中间相生长规律的影响

为了探究轧制前后热处理工艺参数对双金属复合材料结合层中间化合物(interm etallic compounds,以下简称IMC)生长规律的影响,设计正交实验,对25组试样在不同轧前及轧后热处理条件下中间化合物的厚度进行了实测,以此为基础,建立了Fe/A l双金属界面上中间化合物厚度与轧制前后保温温度、保温时间的相关关系模型,结果表明:中间化合物的厚度与轧制前后保温温度、保温时间均有密切关系,轧前热处理对IMC的生成、生长有抑制作用.     

Al-TiC Composites Fabricated by a Thermally Activated Reaction Process in an Al Melt Using Al-Ti-C-CuO Powder Mixtures. Part I: Microstructural Evolution and Reaction Mechanism

Al matrix composites reinforced with TiC particles are fabricated by a thermally activated reaction of Al-Ti-C powder mixtures in an Al melt. In the presence of CuO, reactant mixtures in the form of a pellet added to molten Al at temperatures higher than 1093 K (820 °C) instantly reach the peak temperature over 1785 K (1512 °C), followed by combustion wave propagation with in situ synthesizing TiC with a size of approximately 1 μm. Incomplete reaction products such as unreacted C, Al₃Ti, and TiC aggregates are also observed. The pellet microstructure evolution upon the combustion reaction indicates that preheating temperature, i.e., the initial melt temperature, affects both the thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics of the reaction, and thereby influences the final microstructure of the Al/TiC composites. Based on the experimental and theoretical results, a sequence of the reaction leading upto the in situ synthesis of TiC is illustrated and the corresponding mechanism for the present process is proposed.     

The Effect of Holding Liquid Aluminum Alloys on Oxide Film Content

Melts of commercially pure liquid aluminum, and an Al-7Si-0.3Mg alloy, were cast into molds designed to produce entrainment of oxide film defects. The melts were held for periods of up to 20 minutes to investigate whether changes in the oxide film defects in the melt could occur, once sufficient time had elapsed for consumption of their internal atmosphere. The alloys were characterized by the determination of their Weibull modulus, examination of fracture surfaces under scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and determination of their porosity characteristics. The Weibull moduli of the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) values of the Al-7Si-0.3Mg alloy were reduced initially by holding in the liquid state for 10 minutes, but then the values increased after holding for 20 minutes. This high Weibull modulus was found despite oxide films being observed on the fracture surfaces. In the case of the commercial purity Al, the UTS Weibull moduli increased only slightly with holding for 20 minutes. The results suggested that holding of Al alloys in the liquid state influenced the scatter of mechanical properties by influencing the porosity content of the castings, which was related to their oxide film content. Some evidence for healing of a double oxide film defect with time was also found in the commercial purity Al alloy.     

Quantitative evaluation of inclusion in deoxidation of Fe-10 mass pct Ni alloy with Si, Ti, Al, Zr, and Ce

The composition, size, number, and morphology of the inclusions in deoxidation of Fe-10 mass pct Ni alloys with 0.2 mass pct M (M=Si, Ti, Al, Zr, and Ce) containing mostly 60 to 130 mass ppm oxygen were studied as a function of holding time at 1873 K. It was found that the initial primary inclusions contained FeO and the FeO content decreased with an increase of deoxidation power and holding time. The mean spatial diameter of inclusions tends to increase with increasing holding time, but did not show the systematic trend with respect to the deoxidation power. The number of particle sections per unit area decreased with decreasing deoxidation power and increasing holding time. In the absence of stirring of melt, the growth rate of the mean spatial diameter of inclusions and the removal rate of particle sections per unit area decreased rapidly with increasing holding time and approached a constant after 10 minutes. The morphology of inclusions was found to be spherical, polyhedral (except Si), and irregular including cluster, and the mean spatial diameter of these inclusions increased with increasing holding time.