涤纶纤维用分散染料匀染剂FZ-802的研制与应用

涤纶及其混纺的纤维、纱线、织物在用分散染料高温高压染色时,常因分散染料的匀染性差,升温速度快而造成染色不匀。为此,染色时必须采用有效的匀染剂。根据匀染机理,匀染剂可分为三种类型:1)载体;2)对分散染料有亲和力的表面活性剂;3)对涤纶纤维有亲和力的表面活性剂。用作匀染剂的表面活性剂有非离子型、阴离子型两大类。分散染料的匀染剂的匀染能力,是其移染性能、分散性能、缓染性能的综合反映。此     

印染染料常用匀染剂研究进展

匀染剂具有缓染性和移染性,可有效改善染料的匀染性达到均匀染色的结果,从而提高染料的应用性能。近年来,随着人们环保意识的逐步提高,各类匀染剂有了新的发展。文章对对活性染料的非离子表面活性剂、阴离子型表面活性剂和非离子和阴离子表面活性剂的复配物的研究进展情况进行了综述,并阐述了分散染料用匀染剂在涤纶织物和聚酯超细纤维的应用。     

一种新型匀染剂的合成及应用研究

为克服阳离子染料上染腈纶时,容易存在染色不匀、色牢度不好的弊端,合成了一种新型的季铵盐型阳离子表面活性剂。先用N,N-二甲基丙二胺与硬脂酸通过酰胺化反应合成N,N-二甲基硬脂酰基丙二胺,然后再和苄基氯反应合成新型匀染剂,通过正交试验设计的方法确定了最佳合成工艺:投料物质的量比n(N,N-二甲基硬脂酰基丙二胺)∶n(苄基氯)=1∶1.0,温度75℃条件下,反应时间3.5h。该条件下合成匀染剂,产物收率为88.7%。用制备的匀染剂与匀染剂DC(即N,N-二甲基十八烷基苄基氯化铵)在相同的条件下对腈纶进行对比染色发现,该新型匀染剂比匀染剂DC匀染效果更好。     

阳离子染料匀染剂的合成与应用研究

本文对阳离子染料的上染特性曲线以及加入匀染剂TAN(1227)的上染特性曲线进行对比研究,合成了两种阳离子匀染剂十二烷基二甲基羟乙基氯化胺(LHAC)和十二烷基二甲基乙基溴化铵(LEAB),其匀染性能较为理想。另外,分别对阳离子匀染剂的复配物以及阳离子匀染剂与非离子匀染剂的复配物进行应用实验。结果表明,复配物的匀染性能都明显优于单独使用的阳离子匀染剂。从而为高性能阳离子匀染剂的研制和开发提供了依据。     

阳离子染料匀染剂的合成与应用研究

本文对阳离子染料的上染特性曲线以及加入匀染剂TAN(1227)的上染特性曲线进行对比研究,合成了两种阳离子匀染剂十二烷基二甲基羟乙基氯化胺(LHAC)和十二烷基二甲基乙基溴化铵(LEAB),其匀染性能较为理想。另外,分别对阳离子匀染剂的复配物以及阳离子匀染剂与非离子匀染剂的复配物进行应用实验。结果表明,复配物的匀染性能都明显优于单独使用的阳离子匀染剂。从而为高性能阳离子匀染剂的研制和开发提供了依据。     

阳离子Gemini表面活性剂的合成及应用研究综述

Gemini作为表面活性剂行列中新兴的一员,因其独特的化学结构及优异的应用性能受到研究者的重视,近年来的研究不断更新,品种丰富。本文简要介绍了阳离子Gemini表面活性剂的性质,重点综述了国内各种阳离子Gemini表面活性剂的合成方法及应用,最后探讨了阳离子Gemini表面活性剂今后的发展趋势。     

阳离子Gemini表面活性剂的合成及应用研究综述

Gemini作为表面活性剂行列中新兴的一员,因其独特的化学结构及优异的应用性能受到研究者的重视,近年来的研究不断更新,品种丰富.本文简要介绍了阳离子Gemini表面活性剂的性质,重点综述了国内各种阳离子Gemin表面活性剂的合成方法及应用,最后探讨了阳离子Gemini表面活性剂今后的发展趋势.     

Gemini型双季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂的合成及应用研究进展

Gemini(双子)型双季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂以其独特的结构而具有良好的表面活性、较低的临界胶束浓度(CMC)等优良的物理性能。以间隔基团的不同综述了Gemini型双季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂的合成路线,并简要的介绍了Gemini型双季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂在杀菌、金属缓蚀、煤沥青润湿、乳化及作为基因和药物载体方面的应用,为Gemini型双季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂的后续研究提供了参考。并指出要重视其合成条件的优化,以降低生产成本,扩大Gemini型双季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂的应用范围。     

迁移型阳离子匀染剂在腈纶纤维上的应用

本文简要分析了不同类型匀(缓)染剂的性能并探讨了匀染机理。通过开发应用新型阳离子匀染剂,在实践中取得了良好的效果,也证实了以合理选用匀染助剂为主,并辅以相当升温工艺的新染色法,是解决腈纶匀染的有效途径,具有较大的实际意义及经济效果。     

一种Gemini季铵盐型阳离子表面活性剂的合成及性能测定

以N,N,N′,N′-四甲基乙二胺和硫酸二甲酯为原料合成了Gemini季铵盐型阳离子表面活性剂。确定最佳工艺路线,研究了不同溶剂、原料配比、硫酸二甲酯的滴加温度对产物收率的影响。采用红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱证明了产物的结构,并测定了产物的临界胶束浓度CMC为1.92×10-3mol/L,γCMC为38.1m N/m。结果表明,所合成的Gemini季铵盐型阳离子表面活性剂具有较高的表面活性。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。