合金元素在铝合金汽车结构件铸件的研究现状

汽车结构件常用铸造铝合金主要分为Al-Si系和Al-Mg系,综述了添加合金元素提高合金性能的常用手段。对于Al-Si系铸造铝合金,Si不仅可以提高铸造性能,还可以抑制针状Al_5FeSi相的形成;Mg和Cu是主要的强化元素,可以形成Mg2Si相、Al_2Cu相和Q-Al_5Cu2Mg8Si6相;Mn和Mo主要抑制针状富铁相生成;V、Ti和Zr可以细化晶粒,从而提高力学性能。对于Al-Mg系铸造铝合金,当Si含量较高时,如Magsimal誖-plus(Al Mg6Si2MnZr)合金,Mg2Si相为主要强化相,为了避免针状富铁相的生成,Fe含量要求极低;当Fe含量较高时,如Castaduct誖-42(Al Mg4Fe2)合金,主要依靠Mg元素固溶在Al基体,并形成Al-Fe共晶相提高合金强度,Si元素为杂质元素,可以减少针状Al-Fe-Si相的生成。     

磷-稀土对活塞用过共晶Al-Si合金联合变质的研究

一、前言 自从三十年代发现过共晶Al-Si合金加磷变质以来,各国对此开展了相当多的研究。但对于同时变质初晶Si及共晶Si组织的研究有待于进一步的深入。 为了提高和改善合金的性能,更大限度地发挥共晶Al Si合金的性能潜力,本文采用磷、混合轻稀土对Al-Si18％合金进行联合处理。据资料报导,稀土在共晶Al Si合金中,可以变质共晶组织、提高合金的高温强度,这就为选取稀士进行双重变质     

Al-Si共晶对Mg-12Li合金组织及性能的影响

对比分析了添加Al和Al-Si共晶的Mg-12Li合金铸态及轧制态的组织和性能,研究Al-Si共晶对合金组织性能的影响。结果表明,当加入Al-Si共晶后,Mg-12Li-3(Al-Si)组织中开始有白色析出物(脆性相Mg2Si)析出,形成的中间化合物依次为Al Li、Mg Li2Al、Mg2Si。该合金抗拉强度为230 MPa,伸长率为25.5%,性能接近添加了RE的镁锂合金,成本得到明显的降低。当Al-Si共晶量达到6%时,合金的力学性能会下降。     

Al-Si共晶对Mg-12Li合金微观组织及性能的影响

对比分析了添加Al和Al-Si共晶的Mg-12Li合金铸态及轧制态的组织和性能,研究Al-Si共晶对合金组织性能的影响。结果表明,当加入Al-Si共晶后,Mg-12Li-3(Al-Si)组织中开始有白色析出物（脆性相Mg2Si）析出,形成的中间化合物依次为AlLi、MgLi2Al、Mg2Si。该合金抗拉强度为230 MPa,伸长率为25.5%,性能接近添加了RE的镁锂合金,成本得到明显的降低。当Al-Si共晶量达到6%时,合金的力学性能会下降。     

Fe与混合稀土在液锻Al—Si共晶活塞合金中的作用

本文讨论了液锻时,Fe与混合稀土对Al—Si共晶活塞合金高温性能的影响。试验表明,一定的Fe量及适量的混合稀土的加入,对于Al—Si共晶活塞合金的力学性能尤其是高温强度的改善是十分有效的。     

锰对高铁过共晶铝硅合金组织与性能影响的分析

利用金相和机械性能检测等手段,通过加入Fe、Mn、P,研究了Mn／Fe=1对变质和未变质过共晶Al—Si（15％）合金组织与性能的影响,考察过共晶Al—Si合金的力学性能、铁相等的变化,为高铁过共晶铝硅合金的回用做基础。     

Al-P中间合金对共晶和过共晶Al-Si合金的变质机制

探讨了Al—P中间合金对共晶及过共晶Al—Si合金的变质特点，P在Si相中的存在形式、分布规律及变质机制．实验表明，Al—P中间合金可有效地细化过共晶Al—Si合金中的初晶Si，使该合金的σb．20℃和δ20℃分别提高19．0％和125％．对共晶型Al—Si合金而言，Al—P中间合金可促使析出细小的初晶Si，获得过共晶型组织，并将针片状的共晶Si变为短杆状，从而使该材料的σb，20℃和σb，300℃分别提高11．1％和18．9％．Al—P中间合金加入到过共晶Al—Si合金中，P主要以AlP形式存在于初晶Si内部；加入到共晶Al—Si合金中的P分别以AlP和原子态P存在于Si相内．P对过共晶Al—Si合金变质是以AlP异质形核机理为主；而P对共晶Al—Si合金的变质是以AlP异质形核和原子态P影响Si相形态两种机制共同作用的结果．     

稳定化处理对Al-Si合金疲劳性能的影响

研究了稳定化处理对Al-Si合金疲劳性能与组织的影响。对稳定化处理后Al-Si合金进行高温(350℃)旋弯疲劳试验,观察合金材料的疲劳断口、显微组织与析出相。结果表明:稳定化处理后,Al-Si合金高温疲劳寿命比T6态处理的合金提高了4倍以上;合金组织中,初晶Si圆整化程度提高,长条状的共晶Si颗粒化,均匀弥散分布在基体中,合金塑性提高了1倍以上;稳定化处理后,基体中弥散析出大量细小的Al_2Cu相,阻碍位错运动,从而提高了Al-Si合金疲劳寿命。     

GH907合金高筒类锻件小余量轧制成形工艺

GH907合金是一种以Fe—Ni—Co为基础,添加Nb、Si、Al等元素强化的低膨胀高温合金,具有良好的冷热疲劳性能及弹性模量几乎不变的特点。该合金在650。C以下具有较高的强度,是高性能发动机零件的首选材料。目前,该合金已用于制造多种航空发动机用零件。     

海外文献速报

20 0 3 0 60 1　HeibergG ,NogitaK ,BaanesMetal.亚共晶Al Si合金中Mg ,Fe ,Cu对共晶凝固的影响 .Giesserei Praxis ,2 0 0 2 ( 12 ) :43 9～ 44 7A3 5 6及A3 19类亚共晶Al Si铸造合金 ,具有较高的工业使用价值。该类合金大多数用于汽车制造中的重要构件如轮毂等 ,既有高的力学性能也有良好的铸造性能。试验用的合金成分中 ,除亚共晶Al Si合金外 ,还对Al Si Mg合金中Mg的质量分数增加到 0 .6% ,及Al Si Cu合金中的Cu的质量分数增加到3 .15 %作了试验。在 3 5 6合金中Fe的质量分数 0 .0 7% ,Mg的质量分数为 0 .3 5 % ,Cu的质量…     

Thermal analysis and microscopic characterization of the piston alloy AlSi13Cu4Ni2Mg

In this research paper, the phases identified by thermal and microscopic analysis of the piston alloy AlSi13Cu4Ni2Mg, which was solidified under different conditions, are presented and compared with different piston alloys. Piston alloys are a group of casting Al–Si alloys, well-known as wear resistant materials, which are widely used as the piston materials for internal combustion engines because of their low thermal expansion coefficient and high wear resistance when alloyed with other elements such as copper, magnesium and nickel. Depending on the combination of alloying elements and other impacting factors, pistons alloys with different mechanical and physical properties are obtained.     

Mechanical and thermo-physical properties of rapidly solidified Al−50Si−Cu(Mg) alloys for thermal management application

Al?high Si alloys were designed by the addition of Cu or Mg alloying elements to improve the mechanical properties. It is found that the addition of 1 wt.% Cu or 1 wt.% Mg as strengthening elements significantly improves the tensile strength by 27.2% and 24.5%, respectively. This phenomenon is attributed to the formation of uniformly dispersed fine particles (Al₂Cu and Mg₂Si secondary phases) in the Al matrix during hot press sintering of the rapidly solidified (gas atomization) powder. The thermal conductivity of the Al?50Si alloys is reduced with the addition of Cu or Mg, by only 7.3% and 6.8%, respectively. Therefore, the strength of the Al?50Si alloys is enhanced while maintaining their excellent thermo-physical properties by adding 1% Cu(Mg).     

Al元素对Ti-V-Cr系阻燃钛合金热强性影响的研究

制备了Ti-25V-15Cr-0．2Si和Ti-25V-15Cr-2Al-0．2Si2种阻燃钛合金，分别测试其在不同热暴露和蠕变工艺条件下的热稳定性能和蠕变性能，并观察了组织。结果表明，Al元素提高了Ti—V-Cr系阻燃钛合金的室温力学性能，降低了热稳定性能和抗蠕变性能；在实验的热稳定和蠕变工艺参数下，2种合金中只存在a相和Ti5Si3相，没发现其他过渡相和中间化合物；在热暴露和蠕变过程中，组织稳定性降低，Al元素的添加促进了a相和Ti5si，相的析出，降低了Ti-V-Cr系阻燃钛合金抗蠕变性能和热稳定性能。     

Morphology of dendritic bicrystals in hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloys hardened in pressure casting

Hypereutectic silumins that possess a low coefficient of thermal expansion, high wear resistance and hightemperature strength, and excellent casting properties are an indispensable structural material for the production of cylinders, cylinder heads, pistons, and other parts of internal combustion engines. In pressure casting of hypereutectic alloys the structure formed is more complex than in hardening in metal or sand molds. In addition to excess silicon crystals and the eutectic such structures contain crystalline formations that are inadmissible in an equilibrium structure. The nonequilibrium components of the structure can transform during operational heatings due to redistribution of the alloying elements, which will inevitably affect the size precision of parts. However, the published data on the structure of hypereutectic silumins formed in pressure casting are quite scarce. The present paper is devoted to the special features of silumins manufactured by pressure casting. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 5, pp. 25–29, May, 1998.     

Cr/Al复合合金化Fe_3 Si基有序合金的制备及其力学性能

采用真空电弧熔炼/退火制备了Cr/Al复合合金化Fe3Si基有序合金。通过XRD、SEM对试样进行表征,同时对其显微硬度、压缩强度及弯曲强度等力学性能进行了综合分析。结果表明,Cr/Al复合合金化Fe3Si基有序合金主相仍为Fe3Si相。元素Al,Cr复合合金化较为明显的改善了Fe3Si基有序合金的脆性。Fe65Si25Cr5Al5的抗压和抗弯强度最高,这是因自身高的有序度而呈现的陶瓷性的高强度低应变量特征。有序合金表现出明显的解理断裂特征,Fe80 Si10 Cr5Al5表现出二次解理的特征,Fe75 Si15 Cr5 Al5和Fe70 Si20 Cr5 Al5在断裂时出现了一些韧性特征的撕裂棱,这应与自身适中的有序度有关。     

Microstructural characterization of in situ TiC/Al and TiC/Al–20Si–5Fe–3Cu–1Mg composites prepared by spray deposition

An innovative spray-deposition technique has been applied to produce in situ TiC/Al and TiC/Al–20Si–5Fe–3Cu–1Mg composites. This technique provides a new route to solve the problems of losses and agglomeration of the reinforcement particles when they are injected into the spray cone of molten droplets during spray forming process. Experimental results have shown that the presence of needle-like Al₃Ti and Al–Si–Fe compounds, which are detrimental not only to the fracture toughness, but also to the stability of the microstructure, can be eliminated completely from the final product by using a proper Ti:C molar ratio of 1:1.3 in the Ti–C–Al preforms and adding 5 wt% TiC particles to Al–20Si–5Fe–3Cu–1Mg alloy. Moreover, another major problem of coarsening of silicon particles usually encountered in the hypereutectic Al–Si alloys has also been solved by the technique. The silicon particles in the spray-deposited 5 wt% TiC/Al–20Si–5Fe–3Cu–1Mg composite were much refined (∼2 μm) compared to those (∼5 μm) obtained in the matrix alloy without TiC addition. The formation and elimination mechanisms of Al₃Ti phase in TiC/Al composites can be explained based on thermodynamic theory. The modification of the microstructures in the spray-deposited Al–20Si–5Fe–3Cu–1Mg alloy can be interpreted in the light of the knowledge of atomic diffusion. The experimental results also showed that the ultimate tensile strength of the TiC/Al composites was improved over that of the unreinforced Al matrix.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of hypereutectic Al-Fe alloys prepared by semi-solid formation

The effects of alloying elements, electromagnetic stirring, reheating and semi-solid formation on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Fe alloys prepared by semi-solid formation were studied. It was found that alloying elements and electromagnetic stirring can alter the morphology and growth mode of the iron-rich phase in Al-Fe alloys; and effectively refine the primary Al3Fe phase. In contrast to the microstructure obtained in conventional casting, the Al3Fe phase becomes thin short rod-like instead of thick needle-like; and the dendritic grain structure almost disappears in the semi-solid formation. The Al3Fe phase can be further refined through being dissolved or fused during subsequent reheating. It was also found that the larger extrusion ratio of semi-solid formation causes a greater crushing effect and therefore the Al3Fe phase is more refined and has more uniform distribution. Moreover, Al-Fe alloys prepared by semi-solid formation exhibit excellent mechanical properties at both room and high temperatures.     

Design and preparation of aluminum alloy with high thermal conductivity based on CALPHAD and first-principles calculation

To obtain the aluminum alloy with high thermal and mechanical properties, the effects of alloying elements and the second phases on the thermal conductivity of Al alloys were investigated by CALPHAD and first-principles calculation, respectively. The properties of the second phases, including Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio and minimum thermal conductivity, were systematically studied. Results show that the ranking order of the effects of the alloying elements on the thermal conductivity is Mg>Cu>Fe>Si, and for Al-12Si alloys, the mathematical model of the relationship between the alloying elements and the thermal conductivity can be expressed as λ=ax²-bx+c when the second phase precipitates in the matrix. All kinds of ternary phases of Al-Fe-Si have higher deformation resistance, rigidity, theoretical hardness, Debye temperature and thermal conductivity than the other phases which possibly exist in the Al-12Si alloys. Based on the guidance of CALPHAD and first-principles calculation, the optimized chemical composition of Al alloy with high conductivity is Al-11.5Si-0.4Fe-0.2Mg (wt.%) with a thermal conductivity of 137.50 Wm⁻¹·K⁻¹ and a hardness of 81.3 HBW.

     

Atomic size and chemical effects of alloying elements Cu,Mg and Si on the structure and dynamics of molten 8090-based AlLi alloy

The structural and dynamical properties of liquid Al₉₁Li₉ and Al₉₁Li₉M₃ (M = Cu, Mg, Si) alloys are investigated by means of ab initio molecular dynamic simulation. Pair distribution function analysis suggests that the atomic distances of Li–Li and Al–Li decrease after addition of alloying elements. The additive Cu and Si are manifested surrounded by Al and Li and hardly meet each other owing to the effects of atom size and their negative mixing enthalpy with Li. The topological environments of Al and Li in Al₉₁Li₉ are changed significantly by adding minor alloying elements. The diffusion of Al and Li is hindered by alloying elements, among which Cu and Si play more significant role. Furthermore, the metalloid additive Si illustrates different effects from the metallic additive Cu and Mg on the diffusivity of Al₉₁Li₉ liquid alloys.     

Microstructures and corrosion properties of casting in situ Al_3Ti-Al composites

The effects of Ti content and the alloying elements of Si and Cu on the microstructures of casting in situ Al3Ti-Al composites were investigated. Simultaneously, their corrosion properties were also discussed. The results indicate that the aspect ratios of Al3Ti platelets in different Al based composites are different although all of them are in flaky shape. The morphologies of Al3Ti phase are not only determined by Ti content, but are also related to the alloying elements. The grain refining role of Al3Ti phase in the pure Al and Al-Cu based composites is more effective than that in the Al-Si based composite. The addition of Ti decreases the corrosion resistance of pure Al and Al alloys. The corrosion resistances of the composites are dependent on both the corrosion characteristics of the corresponding matrixes and the distribution of Al3Ti platelets.