焦化废水生物脱氮

本文叙述了焦化废水生物脱氮的原理.焦化废水采用A/O生物法去除氨氮工艺,可使焦化废水处理排放的氨氮指标达到排放要求.     

焦化废水生物

本文叙述了焦化废水生物脱氮的原理,焦化废水采用A/O生物法去除氨氮工艺,可使焦化废水处理排放的氨氮指标达到排放要求。     

检测控制装置在焦化废水处理工程中的应用

结合八钢焦化分厂酚氰废水处理工程实例,简述了生物脱氮工艺处理焦化废水的基本原理、工艺流程和检测控制装置在废水处理过程中的应用及其效果.     

C/N值对A/O生物滤池性能影响分析

通过分析C/N值对A/O生物滤池性能的影响,为污水回用提供有效的处理工艺及参数。对模拟污水进行动态试验,研究不同的C/N比值对氨氮、总氮及COD去除效果的影响。试验表明,在当A/O生物滤池C/N比值为4.6~5.5、水力负荷为2~3m/h,回流比为1∶2,好氧段气水比为1∶3时,原水中的NH3-N、TN和COD都得到了较好的去除,去除率最高分别能达到92.1%,92%,95%。A/O生物滤池能够有效地去除污水中的氨氮、总氮及COD等,在适当的C/N比值的情况下,可有效提高去除效率,降低运行成本。     

A/O膜生物反应器处理炼油污水试验研究

通过A/O膜生物反应器处理炼油污水模型试验,研究A/O膜生物反应器去除炼油污水氨氮的可行性。结果表明,A/O膜生物反应器能有效去除炼油污水中氨氮。氨氮(NH3-N)和CODcr容积负荷分别在0.04～0.08kg/m3.d范围内和0.30～0.84kg/m3.d范围内时,出水中NH3-N浓度小于5mg/L;NH3-N及CODcr达标排放。     

A/O法工业污废水处理站的工艺设计和运行研究

A/O生化处理工艺是一种综合脱氮硝化系统.根据A/O法的工艺特点处理工业污废水,并对其运行结果进行分析研究.结果表明,处理后的出水水质达到回收利用的要求,能有效地节能减排,该工艺有望进一步推广应用.     

炼油行业A/O生化池运行管理及常见问题处理

不同的炼油生产装置排放的废水在组成及性质上差异较大,利用简单的处理工艺,效果可能不够理想,最为有效的方法是综合利用物理、化学及生物等处理方法,针对欲处理废水的理、化特点,制定切实有效的处理工艺。A/O工艺除了可降解有机物之外,还具有脱氮功能。实现废水无害化处理,最终保证外排水质达标排放。     

基于厌氧氨氧化技术的新型生物脱氮工艺研究进展

传统的生物脱氮技术存在曝气能耗大、碳源不足、消耗碱度、流程复杂、耐氨氮冲击负荷差等局限性,厌氧氨氧化技术作为一种新型的生物脱氮技术,受到了国内外学者的广泛关注。重点介绍基于厌氧氨氧化技术的新型生物脱氮工艺,包括SHARON-ANAMMOX工艺、CANON工艺、OLAND工艺、DEMON工艺,分析了各种处理工艺的原理、参数特性及应用状况,并对基于厌氧氨氧化技术的新型生物脱氮工艺进行了展望。     

改良A2/O+深度处理工艺在城市生活污水处理中应用案例

某污水处理厂设计规模为1万m³/d,针对传统A²/O存在的缺点,采用改良A²/O处理工艺,在A/O脱氮工艺曝气池末端增设了一个缺氧段和一个好氧段,前端增加一个厌氧段,使之在高效脱氮的同时,除磷效果与A²/O工艺相当。深度处理采用高效澄清池和深床滤池,出水水质达到《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)V类标准。单位经营成本为1.32元/t。     

A^2/O氧化沟工艺协同生物污水处理

分析A2／O工艺和氧化沟工艺的优点与不足，结合了2种污水处理工艺的优点，并协同生物进行污水处理。测试数据表明：A2／O氧化沟工艺协同生物的污水处理方法对氮磷、有机物、COD等污染物的去除具有良好的效果。     

A hybrid aluminum/hydrogen/air cell system

A hybrid aluminum/hydrogen/air cell system is developed to solve the parasitic hydrogen-generating problem in an alkaline aluminum/air battery. A H₂/air fuel cell is integrated into an Al/air battery so that the hydrogen generated by the parasitic reaction is utilized rather than wasted. A systematic study is conducted to investigate how the parasitic reaction and the added H₂/air cell affect the performance of the aluminum/air battery. The aluminum/air sub-cell has an open circuit voltage of 1.45 V and the hydrogen/air sub-cell of 1.05 V. The maximum power density of the entire hybrid system increases significantly by ∼20% after incorporating a H₂/air sub-cell. The system maximum power density ranges from 23 to 45 mW cm⁻² in 1–5 M NaOH electrolyte. The hybrid system is adaptable in concentrated alkaline electrolyte with significantly improved power output at no sacrifice of its overall efficiency.     

A Hybrid Aluminum/Hydrogen/Air CellmCommon Cathode

Metal/Air batteries are considered to be promising electricity storage devices given their compactness, environmental benignity and affordability. As a commonly available metal, aluminum has received great attention since its first use as an anode in a battery. Its high specific energy （even better volumetric energy density than lithium） makes it ideal for many primary battery applications. However, the development of A1/Air cell with alkaline electrolyte has been lagged behind mainly due to the unfavorable parasitic hydrogen generation. Herein, we designed and constructed a novel A1/H_2/Air tandem fuel cell to turn the adverse parasitic reaction into a useful process. The system consists of two anodes, namely, aluminum and hydrogen, and one common air-breathing cathode. The aluminum acts as both the anode for the A1/Air sub-cell and the source to generate hydrogen for the hydrogen/air sub-cell. The aluminum/air sub-cell has an open circuit voltage of 1.45 V and the H_2/Air sub-cell of 0.95 V. We demonstrated that the maximum power output of aluminum as a fuel was largely enhanced by 31% after incorporating the H_2/Air sub-cell with the tandem concept. In addition, a passive design was utilized in our tandem system to eliminate the dependence on auxiliary pumping sub-systems so that the whole system remained neat and eliminated the dependence of energy consuming pumps or heaters which were typically applied in micro fuel cells.     

A low temperature electrolyte for primary Li/CFx batteries

In this work, a 1:1 by weight blend of acetonitrile (AN) and γ-butyrolactone (BL) was studied as the solvent of low temperature electrolyte for high energy density Li/CF_x batteries. Both visual observation and impedance analysis show that metallic Li is kinetically stable in a 0.5 m LiBF₄ 1:1 AN/BL electrolyte. This property is attributed to the formation of a protective passivation film on the surface of metallic Li, and it has been successfully used to develop the low temperature electrolyte for Li/CF_x cells. It is shown that the cell with such an electrolyte outperforms the control cell with 0.5 m LiBF₄ 1:1 (wt.) propylene carbonate (PC)/1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) electrolyte in both power capability and low temperature discharge performance. Impedance analyses reveal that the improved discharge performance is attributed to the reduction in both the bulk resistance and cell reaction resistance of the Li/CF_x cell, which is related to the high ionic conductivity of the AN/BL electrolyte. Due to the chemical incompatibility between metallic Li and AN at high temperatures, the storage and operation temperature for the Li/CF_x cells with 0.5 m LiBF₄ 1:1 AN/BL electrolyte is limited to or below ambient temperature (30 °C).     

改良A／A／O工艺在工业园区污水处理厂的应用

以山西省大同市塔山工业园区污水处理厂污水处理工程为例,介绍了改良A/A／O工艺的工程应用,水质分析结果表明,出水水质能达到景观用水的标准,且水质稳定。     

A novel binary Pt3Tex/C nanocatalyst for ethanol electro-oxidation

The Pt₃Te_x/C nanocatalyst was prepared and its catalytic performance for ethanol oxidation was investigated for the first time. The Pt₃Te/C nanoparticles were characterized by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy equipped with TEM (TEM-EDX). The Pt₃Te/C catalyst has a typical fcc structure of platinum alloys with the presence of Te. Its particle size is about 2.8 nm. Among the synthesized catalysts with different atomic ratios, the Pt₃Te/C catalyst has the highest anodic peak current density. The cyclic voltammograms (CV) show that the anodic peak current density for the Pt₃Te/C, commercial PtRu/C and Pt/C catalysts reaches 1002, 832 and 533 A g⁻¹, respectively. On the current–time curve, the anodic current on the Pt₃Te/C catalyst was higher than those for the catalysts reported. So, these findings show that the Pt₃Te/C catalyst has uniform nanoparticles and the best activity among the synthesized catalysts, and it is better than commercial PtRu/C and Pt/C catalysts for ethanol oxidation at room temperature.     

De-intercalation of LixCo0.8Mn0.2O2: A magnetic approach

Samples of LiCo_0.8Mn_0.2O₂ were synthesized by a wet-chemical method using citric acid as a chelating agent, and were characterized by various physical techniques. Powders adopted the α-NaFeO₂ layered structure and were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and regarding their magnetic properties. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) revealed particles with a mean size of 100 nm. Partial chemical delithiation was carried out by using an oxidizing agent. We observe that the material has ability to free lithium ions from its structure by this chemical process, which is analogous to the first step of the charge transfer process in an electrochemical cell. The rate of delithiation is determined independently by magnetic measurements and by the Rietveld refinement of the XRD spectra. Both the concentration of Mn³⁺-Mn⁴⁺ pairs and that of Mn⁴⁺-Mn⁴⁺ pairs formed in the delithiation process have been determined, together with that of the Mn³⁺-Mn³⁺ pairs. It shows that magnetic measurements are able to probe the distribution of Mn³⁺ and Mn⁴⁺ with more details than other techniques. The results are consistent with FTIR spectra, and indicate a random distribution of the Li ions that are removed from the matrix upon delithiation, which then undergo a diffusion process. Testing the material as cathode in lithium batteries revealed about 170 mAh g⁻¹ capacity, with a lower polarization and a high columbic efficiency, emphasizing the possibility of using this material as a cathode in Li-ion batteries.     

Metal/CdTe/CdS/Cd1−xZnxS/TCO/glass: A new CdTe thin film solar cell structure

The potential of CdTe/CdS/Cd_1−xZn_xS structure as an alternative to CdTe/CdS structure in photovoltaic application has been demonstrated. The unoptimized solar cell structure grown on transparent conducting oxide coated soda lime glass of 3 mm thickness with no antireflection coating yielded a 10% efficiency. This efficiency is the highest ever recorded in any Cd_1−xZn_xS film containing CdTe solar cells.     

LiFexMn1−xPO4: A cathode for lithium-ion batteries

The high redox potential of LiMnPO₄, ∼4.0 vs. (Li⁺/Li), and its high theoretical capacity of 170 mAh g⁻¹ makes it a promising candidate to replace LiCoO₂ as the cathode in Li-ion batteries. However, it has attracted little attention because of its severe kinetic problems during cycling. Introducing iron into crystalline LiMnPO₄ generates a solid solution of LiFe_xMn_1−xPO₄ and increases kinetics; hence, there is much interest in determining the Fe-to-Mn ratio that will optimize electrochemical performance. To this end, we synthesized a series of nanoporous LiFe_xMn_1−xPO₄ compounds (with x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2), using an inexpensive solid-state reaction. The electrodes were characterized using X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive spectroscopy to examine their crystal structure and elemental distribution. Scanning-, tunneling-, and transmission-electron microscopy (viz., SEM, STEM, and TEM) were employed to characterize the micromorphology of these materials; the carbon content was analyzed by thermogravimetric analyses (TGAs). We demonstrate that the electrochemical performance of LiFe_xMn_1−xPO₄ rises continuously with increasing iron content. In situ synchrotron studies during cycling revealed a reversible structural change when lithium is inserted and extracted from the crystal structure. Further, introducing 20% iron (e.g., LiFe_0.2Mn_0.8PO₄) resulted in a promising capacity (138 mAh g⁻¹ at C/10), comparable to that previously reported for nano-LiMnPO₄.     

赴丹麦ANSALDO VOLUND A/S考察报告

介绍了丹麦沃伦公司概况、主要产品参数及发展动向。     

A rechargeable Li/LixCoO2 Cell

The Li/Li_xCoO₂ rechargeable cell has been studied in several solvents, and the preferred electrolyte is LiAsF₆ in methyl acetate. It is shown that this cell can deliver very high energy densities at rates of 1 – 10 mA cm⁻² over the wide temperature range of −40 °C to 25 °C. The cell is currently limited to around 20 charge/discharge cycles which is suitable for moderate cycle life practical rechargeable cell applications.