Diversity scheme employing inverse filtering for multipath radiochannels

A new diversity scheme, termed maximum path resolution (MPR) reception, and applicable to multipath radio channels. Is introduced. The technique exploits the frequency diversity of a spreading signal received via a multipath channel by applying aperiodic inverse filtering in such a way that the path with the greatest power is enhanced, while the others are effectively cancelled. The technique is analysed in the context of a CTDMA system and its performance is verified via simulation     

Angles of arrival of indoor multipath

Some preliminary results of the angles of arrival of multipath components in indoor radio channel measurements are reported. The results show that strong multipath components arrive at the receiver in various directions.<>     

RMS delay and coherence bandwidth measurements in indoor radiochannels in the UHF band

A study of time dispersion in different indoor line-of-sight radio channels in the 492-862 MHz band is presented in this paper. A combined method to filter the noise in the measured impulse response is described. The effect of frequency windowing on the impulse responses and the root mean square (rms) delay spread is also investigated. It has been found that, in general, the use of windows with lower side-lobe levels yields larger values of the rms delay spread. The relation between the mean delay and the rms delay spread has also been studied for copolar and crosspolar channels. The dependence of the coherence bandwidth on the rms delay spread has been considered, and an inverse relation has been tested for both components     

超宽带室内多径信道随机分析模型

使用随机分析方法研究超宽带(UWB)室内多径信道.从UWB信号的基本传播特性出发构建随机分析模型的物理基础.假设UWB信号的多径分量在信道中的传播轨迹是某个随机过程的样本,把UWB信号在信道中传播时发生的传播损耗,和与散射体发生碰撞产生的损耗分开,建立UWB室内多径信道的随机分析模型,包括完全随机的布朗桥模型和有约束的布朗桥模型.使用有约束的布朗桥模型对假设的有8个散射体的不完全随机分布室内环境,以及有金属网格玻璃门反射的走廊环境进行仿真,得到了具有明显成簇现象的UWB信道的功率延迟分布.仿真结果与已公布的UWB信道实测结果具有很好的相似性.     

Simulation of multipath impulse response for indoor wirelessoptical channels

A recursive method for evaluating the impulse response of an indoor free-space optical channel with Lambertian reflectors is presented. The method, which accounts for multiple reflections of any order, enables accurate analysis of the effects of multipath dispersion on high-speed indoor optical communication systems. A simple algorithm for computer implementation of the technique and computer simulation results for both line-of-sight and diffuse transmitter configurations are also presented. In both cases, it is shown that reflections of multiple order are a significant source of intersymbol interference. Experimental measurements of optical multipath, which help verify the accuracy of the simulations, are discussed     

超宽带室内多径信道特性的最优化分析

分析超宽带(UWB)信道特性并建立合适的信道模型是UWB无线通信研究的重要内容。采用最优化方法分析UWB室内多径信道的特性,并讨论构建UWB信道的数学模型。在此基础上通过引入随机桥过程假设和概率选择性假设,使用最优化方法建立UWB信道冲激响应的有约束布朗桥模型(BBBM);分析BBBM模型有效随机路径判据,给出在最优化框架基础上的建模算法;使用BBBM模型对UWB信道进行仿真分析,得到的UWB信道特性和用实验测量与UTD方法得到的信道特性非常相似,特征参量的取值与实际情况相符。     

基于一次反射的室内WiFi辐射源单站定位方法

为了解决WiFi外辐射源雷达现场应用中首先需要实时获取室内辐射源位置的问题,通过详细分析室内环境中信号的反射方式和特性,利用一次反射信号建立了WiFi辐射源测量的到达时间差(TDOA)模型,并分析推导出辐射源坐标求解方程。对于该非线性方程,先利用Taylor展开在初值处将其线性化,然后利用高斯牛顿迭代法估计辐射源坐标,且具有较快的收敛速度。仿真分析表明其所提算法可实现室内辐射源定位,且因方程线性化带来的精确度损失可通过迭代得到快速补偿。     

Propagation considerations for the design of an indoor broad-bandcommunications system at EHF

This paper reports the measurement and analysis of wideband propagation data for indoor radio channels at 40 GHz. Propagation characteristics are reported for two open-concept office areas of different sizes in two different buildings. Also, the results of measurements in one building are compared for system configurations in which either an omnidirectional or a narrowbeam antenna is employed at a base station for communications to multiple work stations with omnidirectional antennas. It is reported that, on a statistical basis, at the 90th percentile, multipath dispersion is the same for the two base-station antenna radiation patterns. Dispersion was, however, found to be lower in the smaller of the two measurement areas, where transmit/receive ranges were shorter. The 90th percentile of static RMS delay spread for this area was 19 ns compared with 45 ns for the larger area. Multipath spreads at the -25 dB relative power level were about 370 ns, compared with 140 ns in the larger area. In the larger area, global propagation loss was found to be well modeled by the one-way propagation equation with different range exponents (1.5 and 4) before and after a breakpoint at a range of 25 m. In the smaller area, the range exponent was found to be greater, being equal to 3.5. This is considered to be a result of reduced multipath infill, which would accompany the reduced dispersion. Temporal fading on fixed links with omnidirectional antennas was found to have depths such that a 14-dB fade margin is required for 99% reliability. Finally, spatial variations in received power at a given range indicated the requirement for a power margin between 4-7 dB for 99% reliability. These results are used in a link budget example for a broad-band indoor extremely high frequency (EHF) digital communications system     

On arrival of paths in fading multipath indoor radio channels

Arrival of the paths in fading multipath channels obtained from several manufacturing floors and college campus laboratories at 910 MHz are studied. The discrepancies between the empirical distribution of the arriving paths and Poisson arrivals are discovered. The modified Poisson process is shown to fit the arriving paths closely.<>     

A stochastic multipath channel model including path directions for indoor environments

A novel stochastic channel model for the indoor propagation channel is presented. It is especially for, but not limited to future communication systems with multiple antennas like space division multiple access (SDMA), spatial filtering for interference reduction (SFIR), or multiple-input/multiple-output (MIMO). The model is designed for indoor scenarios, straight forward extendable to urban environments. It is based on physical wave propagation. The new approach describes the channel by multipath components, each characterized by its transfer matrix (including loss), delay, direction of arrival, and departure. The appearance and disappearance of multipath components over time is modeled as a birth and death process, a marked Poisson process. This enables first-time the correct modeling of spatial and temporal correlations. In each modeling step, path properties change according to the motion of transmitter and receiver. The changing delay times of propagation paths yield a realistic Doppler behavior of the channel. Deterministic ray tracing results are used to produce the huge data sets required for the statistical evaluation of the parameters of the proposed model. This method enables an automated parameter extraction for new environments or frequencies. The ray tracing tool has been verified by narrowband, wideband, and directional channel measurements. The novel stochastic spatial channel model allows the simulation of third-generation broadband radio systems including arbitrary antenna configurations and patterns. System simulations for the bit-error rate of radio links can be performed including intelligent antenna configurations like SDMA, SFIR, or MIMO. Furthermore, the capacity of complete systems can be investigated.     

The dependence of indoor radio channel multipath characteristics oftransmit/receiver ranges

The authors report experimental and modeling studies that investigate the dependence of indoor radio channel multipath characteristics on a transmit/receive range. Specifically, a simple model for estimation of the complex baseband equivalent impulse response for indoor channels is explained. Using this model, the relationship between RMS delay spread and range on static indoor channels is estimated. Results show that this relationship is nonmonotonic and has a maximum at a range that depends on the building dimensions and the electrical properties of reflecting surfaces. The model is used in infinite, as well as finite, resolution modes to supplement the measurements of impulse response characteristics in different buildings using a limited resolution channel sounder. Experimental and modeling results are combined to derive conclusions that confirm the anticipated nonmonotonic relationship exists in empty buildings. Measurement results demonstrate that furniture has the effect of destroying this relationship, making RMS delay spread almost independent of range     

Wideband propagation measurements of short range millimetric radiochannels

There is an increasing emphasis to extend the services available on fixed telecommunication networks to the mobile user. One area of the RACE 1043 project examined the possibility of universal mobile services within future integrated broadband communications networks. Essential to the feasibility of such a scheme is an understanding of the wideband characteristics of the radio channel. The article describes the results of a wideband channel sounding programme conducted at 39 and 60 GHz, together with a channel-modelling exercise based on these measurements, aimed at producing a statistical model of the wideband millimetric channel     

户内多径信道中 PRF 对 UWB 系统性能影响

首次研究分析脉冲重复频率(PRF)对密集多径衰减信道下采用 THSS 和 PPM 的 UWB 系统 BER 性能的影响。通过使用混合选择／最大比率结合分集接收机(H-S／MRC)并利用虚拟分支技术,首次推导出基于 PRF、选择并结合的多径成分数量 L 以及信道的多径扩频的 UWB 系统准确 BER 表达式,并对 BER 性能进行分析和仿真评估。结果表明：在密集多径衰减环境下,不仅仅脉冲波形和 L,而且 PRF 对 UWB 系统 BER 性能影响极大。当固定 L 和脉冲波形时,增大 PRF 将大大降低 UWB 系统 BER 性能。     

Modeling the statistical time and angle of arrival characteristicsof an indoor multipath channel

Most previously proposed statistical models for the indoor multipath channel include only time of arrival characteristics. However, in order to use statistical models in simulating or analyzing the performance of systems employing spatial diversity combining, information about angle of arrival statistics is also required. Ideally, it would be desirable to characterize the full spare-time nature of the channel. In this paper, a system is described that was used to collect simultaneous time and angle of arrival data at 7 GHz. Data processing methods are outlined, and results obtained from data taken in two different buildings are presented. Based on the results, a model is proposed that employs the clustered “double Poisson” time-of-arrival model proposed by Saleh and Valenzuela (1987). The observed angular distribution is also clustered with uniformly distributed clusters and arrivals within clusters that have a Laplacian distribution     

A characterization of the multipath in the HDTV channel

A statistical model for analyzing measured impulse responses of channels that may be used in over-the-air HDTV transmissions is discussed. Measurements made on propagation paths approximating those to be expected in the over-the-air HDTV service show that multipath is nearly always present. Under most conditions, however, the total strength in the extra signals is small and a good digital system might well be blind to them     

Polarization dependence of multipath propagation and high-speedtransmission characteristics of indoor millimeter-wave channel at 60 GHz

Measurements of polarization dependence of multipath-propagation characteristics were conducted at 60 GHz in a room within a modern office building. Delay profiles were measured using a swept frequency method with a high time-delay resolution of 2 ns. Directions of arrival of the multipath components reflected from walls were analyzed by rotating a narrow-beam receiving antenna with an angular resolution of 5 degrees. Results of this experiment showed that multipath delayed waves due to wall reflection can be effectively suppressed by employing circular polarization instead of linear polarization. Based on this experimental result, a computer simulation was made to clarify the polarization dependence of the high-speed transmission characteristics of an indoor communications system operating at 60 GHz     

A novel absorb/transmit FSS for secure indoor wireless networks with reduced multipath fading

A novel absorb/transmit frequency selective surface (FSS) is presented for 5-GHz wireless local area network (WLAN) applications. The novelty of the design is that it is capable of absorbing, as opposed to reflecting, WLAN signals while passing mobile signals. The FSS consists of two layers, one with conventional conducting cross dipoles and the other with resistive cross dipoles. The absorption of the WLAN signal is important to reduce additional multipaths and resultant fading otherwise caused by the FSS. The structure has good transmission characteristics for 900/1800/1900-MHz mobile bands and performs well for both horizontal and vertical polarizations. The distance between the two layers is less than a quarter free-space wavelengths. Theoretical and experimental results are presented.     

Statistical characterization of Rician multipath effects in a mobile-to-mobile communication channel

A statistical model is developed for a narrowband mobile-to-mobile channel taking into consideration Rician scattering near receiving and transmitting antennas both individually and concomitantly. From the proposed channel model we obtain the probability density function of the received signal envelope, the time correlation function and RF spectrum of the received signal, and level crossing rates and average fade durations. We briefly discuss the impact of these parameters on communication networks supporting an intelligent vehicle highway system (IVHS).