高密度、低十六烷值柴油加氢改质生产优质清洁柴油工艺研究

以高密度、低十六烷值柴油为原料进行加氢改质研究,结果表明：在压力10.0-12.0 MPa、空速0.7-1.0 h-1、氢油比700-1 000及一定的温度条件下,柴油馏分质量收率较高,其十六烷值提高19.5-25.5个单位,密度大幅度降低,其它指标均有不同程度的改善,可作优质清洁柴油的调和组分。副产品石脑油馏分芳潜高,硫、氮含量低,是优质的重整原料。     

柴油十六烷值改进剂的研究进展

简单介绍了柴油十六烷值改进剂的种类以及国内外柴油十六烷值改进剂的发展情况 ,目前应用的十六烷值改进剂主要是烷基硝酸酯。另一种含氧化合物—醚类作为十六烷值改进剂仅由C、H、O 3种元素组成 ,在提高十六烷值的同时 ,也可以促进柴油完全燃烧 ,降低尾气烟度 ,符合环境友好产品的要求和发展趋势。     

柴油加氢处理选择性开环提高十六烷值

据英国《石油技术季刊》2011年第2期报道,选择性开环是比两段加氢芳烃饱和能节省氢气用量提高柴油产品质量（降低密度、减少芳烃含量、提高十六烷值）的一种新方法,而且也是馏分油选择性反应的一种有效途径。由于具有氢气利用率高、能提高柴油质量和生产柴油的选择性好等三方面的优势,因此选择性开环是在经济上很有吸引力的一种柴油改质方...     

柴油加氢改质技术研究进展

目前,深加工柴油硫、氮和芳烃含量较高,十六烷值低,工业生产中采用添加十六烷值改进剂和利用催化改质技术提高十六烷值。综述催化改质技术中柴油加氢改质技术的研究进展,介绍近年来国内外用于提高柴油十六烷值的加氢改质工艺。     

柴油十六烷值改进剂的研究进展

就柴油十六烷值改进剂的种类、作用机理及其研制的重要意义做了综述,介绍了部分十六烷值改进剂的性能特点.指出了十六烷值改进剂应具备的性能和发展方向,并提出了发展建议.     

甲醇制高十六烷值清洁柴油组分的应用与优势

结合我国柴油生产及使用中存在的问题,对甲醇制高十六烷值清洁柴油组分的优势进行了分析,指出燃用含DMMn配方的柴油,可大幅度减少污染物排放,是一种具有较好发展前景的柴油添加剂。     

提高催化裂化柴油十六烷值技术探讨及应用

随着柴油质量标准的不断升级,催化裂化柴油因十六烷值低、芳烃含量高等特点,加工难度日趋增大。研究学者针对提高催化裂化柴油十六烷值开发出加氢改质、加氢转化、加氢处理-催化裂化组合、加氢裂化掺炼催化柴油等技术,各类技术在产品结构、产品质量、改造难度等方面各具特色。炼油企业可根据自身的需求选择适宜的技术,以实现柴油质量升级。某企业在应用了加氢裂化掺炼催化柴油技术、加氢处理-催化裂化组合技术后,柴油十六烷值有所提升,车用柴油比例由60%提升至94%,在每月加工1万t外购催化柴油的情况下,车用柴油比例仍维持80%以上。     

植物油加氢脱氧催化剂的研究进展

综述了近年来植物油加氢脱氧催化剂的研究进展,包括植物油加氢脱氧反应机理、催化剂活性组分和载体的选择与改性、本体型催化剂的开发以及加氢脱氧催化剂的稳定性等研究进展;指出目前存在的主要问题为催化剂的活性低和水热稳定性差,因此开发具有适宜酸性质和孔结构的高活性和良好水热稳定性的加氢脱氧催化剂是今后研究的重点。     

柴油十六烷值改进剂的新工艺

以异戊醇和50％HNO3为原料,50％H2SO4为催化剂,尿素为反应稳定剂,合成了柴油十六烷值改进剂——硝酸异戊酯。通过实验确定了反应的最佳条件：在沸腾条件下,H2SO4：HNO3（mol：mol）为2：1,HNO3：异戊醇（mol：mol）1．3：1,加入尿素为HNO3的3％左右,可得到收率和纯度都较高的硝酸异戊酯,反应平稳安全。产品经红外光谱、密度及折光率分析证明为硝酸异戊酯。     

Effect of multistage hydroprocessing on aromatic and nitrogen compositions of shale oil

Geokinetics crude shale oil, a distillate and processing intermediates sampled during four-stage catalytic hydroprocessing of the distillate were analysed for total nitrogen, basic nitrogen and olefinic and aromatic contents. Successive hydroprocessing stages yielded products containing 80, 46, 16 and 2% of the nitrogen content in the feedstock. Total nitrogen, basic nitrogen and aromatic contents were also reduced. Apparent relative reactivities of aromatic hydrocarbons and nitrogen-containing compounds are in agreement with reactivities observed in model compound studies. Hydrodenitrogenation of nitrogen-containing compounds occurred concurrently with hydrogenation of non-nitrogen-containing aromatic hydrocarbons. Hydroprocessing conditions necessary for essentially complete removal of nitrogen yielded a refined oil with low aromatic content.     

Structural changes in catalytic hydroprocessing of syncrude coker gas oil

A method of Structural Group Analysis (SGA) was used to characterize feed and liquid products from catalytic hydroprocessing using a commercial Ni-Mo catalyst. Comparison of the structural profiles revealed significant changes in the concentration of various structural groups. SGA is a promising tool for investigating chemical changes in complex reacting systems.     

Feasibility of blending karanja vegetable oil in petro-diesel and utilization in a direct injection diesel engine

Karanja (Pongamia pinnata) oil, a non-edible high viscosity (27.84 cSt at 40 °C) straight vegetable oil, was blended with conventional diesel in various proportions to evaluate the performance and emission characteristics of a single cylinder direct injection constant speed diesel engine. Diesel and karanja oil fuel blends (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) were used to conduct short-term engine performance and emission tests at varying loads (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%). Tests were carried out over the entire range of engine operation and engine performance parameters such as fuel consumption, thermal efficiency, exhaust gas temperature, and exhaust emissions (smoke, CO, CO₂, HC, NO_x, and O₂) were recorded. The brake specific energy consumption (BSEC), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), and exhaust emissions were evaluated to determine the optimum fuel blend. Higher BSEC was observed at full load for neat petro-diesel. A fuel blend of 10% karanja oil (KVO10) showed higher BTE at a 60% load. Similarly, the overall emission characteristics were found to be best for the case of KVO10 over the entire range of engine operation.     

Catalytic hydroprocessing of cottonseed oil in petroleum diesel mixtures for production of renewable diesel

The conversion of the esters included in refined cottonseed oil into hydrocarbon molecules compatible with petroleum diesel, which are named renewable diesel, has been studied at conventional hydrotreatment conditions. The vegetable oil was fed in mixture with desulphurized petroleum diesel to the hydrotreater containing a conventional CoMo/Al₂O₃ hydrotreatment catalyst. Conversion of esters was determined in the temperature range of 305-345 °C, at 30 bar and for 5 h⁻¹ < WHSV < 25 h⁻¹. Catalyst deactivation was followed for a period of 450 h in operation. A simple kinetic model of ester conversion suitable for scale-up and simulation studies has been tested.     

Premium quality renewable diesel fuel by hydroprocessing of sunflower oil

Hydroprocessing of neat sunflower oil was carried out at 360-420 °C and 18 MPa over a commercial hydrocracking catalyst in a bench scale fixed bed reactor. In the studied experimental range, products consisted exclusively of hydrocarbons that differed significantly in composition. While the concentration of n-alkanes exceeded 67 wt.% in the reaction products collected at 360 °C, it decreased to just 20 wt.% in the product obtained at 420 °C. Consequently, the fuel properties of the latter product were very similar to those of standard (petroleum-derived) diesel fuel. Particularly, it exhibited excellent low-temperature properties (cloud point −11 °C; CFPP −14 °C). Reaction products obtained at 400 and 420 °C were blended into petroleum-derived diesel fuel in three concentration levels ranging from 10 to 50 wt.% and the fuel properties of these mixtures were evaluated. Diesel fuel mixtures containing the product of sunflower oil hydrocracking at 420 °C showed very good low-temperature properties including cloud point (−8 °C) and CFPP (−15 °C) that was further lowered to −25 °C due to addition of flow improvers.     

植物油脚的综合利用

根据国内外油脂化工产业的发展现状,在对植物油脚、植物沥青的成分进行分析研究的基础上提出了植物油脚深加工利用的新研究思路。采用作者所在课题组的研究路线,植物油脚经过综合利用,可得到甘油、二聚酸、异硬脂酸、生物柴油、植物甾醇和天然维生素E等重要化工原料和化学品,利用率可达95%以上。     

Temperature effect on the viscosities of palm oil and coconut oil blended with diesel oil

One of the major difficulties in using crude vegetable oils as substitute fuels in diesel engines is their relatively high viscosities. Increasing the temperature of the crude vegetable oil, blending it with diesel oil, or the combination of both offers a simple and effective means of controlling and lowering the viscosities of vegetable oils. This work reports viscosity data, determined with a rotational bob-and-cup viscometer, for crude palm oil and cononut oil blended with diesel oil over the temperature range of 20–80°C and for different mixture compositions. All the test oil samples showed a time-independent newtonian type of flow behavior. The reduction of viscosity with increasing liquid temperature followed an exponential relationship, with the two constants of the equation being a function of the volume percentage of the vegetable oil in the mixture. A single empirical equation was developed for predicting the viscosity of these fuel mixtures under varying temperatures and blend compositions.     

多产柴油催化剂CC-20D与助剂CA-100在催化裂化装置上的混合应用

本文介绍了多产柴油催化剂CC-20D与高效助辛并增产液化气助剂CA-100在克拉玛依石化厂重催装置上的混合应用情况。结果表明CC-20D具有增产柴油效果明显。抗污染能力强。产品选择性好等优点;CA-100提高辛烷值和增产液化气能力强。使用CC-20D并配合使用3%的CA-100时,柴油产率提高3.27wt%,液化气提高1.9wt%,总液收提高1.81wt%,汽油RON提高1.7,MON提高0.8,创造了较好的经济效益。